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Universa Medicina
Published by Universitas Trisakti
ISSN : 19073062     EISSN : 24072230     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Universa Medicina (univ.med) is a four-monthly medical journal that publishes new research findings on a wide variety of topics of importance to biomedical science and clinical practice. Universa Medicina Online contains both the current issue and an online archive that can be accessed through browsing, advanced searching, or collections by disease or topic
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Articles 11 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 35, No 2 (2016)" : 11 Documents clear
Formula Jamu Antihipertensi and captopril are equally effective in patients with hypertension Hussaana, Atina; Sarosa, Hadi; Indrayani, Ulfah Dian; Chodidjah, Chodidjah; Widiyanto, Bagas; Pertiwi, Danis
Universa Medicina Vol 35, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2016.v35.81-88

Abstract

BACKGROUNDHypertension is the main cause of morbidity and mortality associated with cardiovascular diseases. Many herbs/spices appear to have significant effects in favorably modulating high blood pressure. A jamu formulation containing 6 plant extracts, Formula Jamu Antihipertensi (FJA), has been described previously. This research study aimed to evaluate the effect of FJA as antihypertensive agent in mild to moderate hypertensive patients. METHODSThis double-blind experimental study was conducted in 40 hypertensive patients, who were randomized into two groups. The first group was treated with oral administration of 2 g FJA and the second group 25 mg captopril daily for 4 weeks. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure as well as liver and kidney function were followed up every week. Independent- t test and two-way ANOVA were used to analyze the data with a level of significance of 0.05.RESULTSThe results showed that after the treatment, FJA and captopril were capable of significantly decreasing systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p <0.05). The decrease in systolic blood pressure between the two groups was identical (p>0.05), while the decrease in diastolic blood pressure was greater in the FJA group than in the captopril group (p <0.05). CONCLUSIONFrom this study it may be concluded that administration of FJA for 4 weeks is equally effective as captopril in reducing systolic and diastolic blood pressure in patients with mild and moderate hypertension. Thus, natural plants and herbs can be our source of drugs, with fewer side effects and better bioavailability for treatment of hypertension in the future.
Red fruit oil increases trophoblast cells and decreases caspase-9 expression in placenta of lead exposed mice Sumarsono, Portia; Widjiati, Widjiati; Susilowati, Suherni
Universa Medicina Vol 35, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2016.v35.110-118

Abstract

BACKGROUNDLead is able to pass through the placental barrier and interfere with fetal development. Red fruit has high antioxidant activity, due to carotenoids (pro-vitamin A), tocopherols (vitamin E) and unsaturated fatty acids. This study aims to examine the effect of red fruit oil towards placenta in pregnant mice before lead exposure.METHODSThis was a laboratory experimental post test only study, using 20 pregnant mice (Mus musculus) that were randomized into five groups. The negative control group was not exposed to lead; intervention group 0 (P0) was exposed to lead at 0.011 mg/20 g BW/day on days 6-15 of gestation. The intervention groups P1-P3 were given red fruit orally at 0.3 mL/20 g BW/day, 0.8 mL/20 g BW/day, 0.9 mL/20 g BW/day, respectively, before lead exposure. Normal trophoblast cell count and caspase-9 expression of trophoblasts were calculated. One-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann Whitney tests were used to analyze the data.RESULTSThe intervention groups P2 and P3 given red fruit at 0.8 mL/20 g BW/day and 0.9 mL/20 g BW/day showed a significant increase in normal trophoblast cell count of 88.2% (p=0.024) and a decrease in caspase-9 expression of 70.8% compared with P0 to which was not given red fruit (p=0.020). CONCLUSIONRed fruit increased normal trophoblast cell count by 88.2% and decreased caspase-9 expression by 70.8% in pregnant mice before lead exposure. It should be noted that red fuit may prevent oxidative damage to cells.
Smoking tends to decrease glutathione and increase malondialdehyde levels in medical students Safyudin, Safyudin; Subandrate, Subandrate
Universa Medicina Vol 35, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2016.v35.89-95

Abstract

BackgroundSmoking is the act of introducing toxic substances into the body. Cigarette smoke contains chemicals that may cause several disorders, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Toxic substances in cigarette smoke have the potential to increase free radicals, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and to decrease endogenous antioxidant (glutathione/GSH) levels. This study aims to determine the relationship of smoking with plasma GSH and MDA levels in medical students.MethodsThis study was analytical observational with cross-sectional approach. The study was conducted from April to December 2015. The subjects in this study were medical students, consisting of 20 smokers and 20 nonsmokers. Plasma GSH and MDA levels were determined biochemically using Sigma GSH Assay Kit and Sigma MDA Assay Kit. Data was analyzed using the independent t test. ResultsThe results showed that there was no significant difference between mean GSH in smokers (1.74 ± 0.91 mmol/L) and nonsmokers (2.42 ± 1.19 µmol/L) (p=0.441). Mean smokers MDA level of 2.06 ± 1.39 nmol/mL was not significantly different compared with mean nonsmokers MDA level (1.32 ± 0.90 nmol/mL) (p=0.092).ConclusionsSmoking tends to decrease plasma GSH levels and increase plasma MDA levels in medical students. Smoking history could be evidence of oxidative stress and an impaired oxidant defense system. In particular, young smokers should quit promptly before health problems arise, so as to have the optimal benefits of cessation.
Directly observed treatment increases drug compliance in lymphatic filariasis mass drug administration Rosanti, Tutik Ida; Mardihusodo, Sugeng Juwono; Artama, Wayan T.
Universa Medicina Vol 35, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2016.v35.119-127

Abstract

Backgroud. Mass drug administration (MDA) has been one of the strategies for lymphatic filariasis elimination. Since the start of implementation in 2011 in Pekalongan, no study on MDA acceptability has yet been done. The objectives of the study were to determine the microfilaria rate (mf rate) and the risk factors of drug compliance in the MDA program. MethodsA longitudinal study was conducted at Pabean region, Pekalongan City. There were 90 household heads as subjects, who were selected by proportional cluster random sampling. Microfilaria rate (mf rate) was determined by finger blood examination. Drug compliance was measured using questionnaires and observation sheets. Drug compliance observers, filariasis counseling participation, and presence of filariasis patients were factors influencing drug compliance. ResultsMf rate in 2015 was 1.35% and drug compliance rate was 86.80%. Reasons for failing to take drugs were fear of side effects (50%), refusals (25%), laziness (16.7%), and perceiving the drug to be useless (8.3%). The chi-square test shows a significant difference between the presence of drug compliance observer and compliance (p=0.006). Filariasis counseling participation and presence of filariasis patients did not show a significant difference with drug compliance (p= 0.986).ConclusionsFamilies as the source of observers was associated with increased filariasis drug compliance. It is therefore essential to address the issues linked to low compliance to make the program more efficient and achieve the goal of filariasis elimination.
The burden of the complications of diabetes mellitus Hidayat, Adi
Universa Medicina Vol 35, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2016.v35.65-67

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an important global cause of mortality, morbidity, and health-system costs,(1,2) with significant increases in its prevalence and number of cases in the last 30 years. It constitutes one of the four non communicable diseases (NCDs) targeted for action by world leaders.According to WHO estimates, in 2014 there were 422 million adults with DM aged 18 years or older, with around half in the WHO South-East Asia and Western Pacific Regions.(3) The prevalence of DM and the number of adults with DM in low- and middle-income countries have over the last decade increased at a greater rate than in high-income countries. The global DM prevalence increased by more than 100% in men and by 60% in women, resulting in a predominance of males with DM in 2014 as compared with a higher DM female prevalence in 1980.
Low vitamin C intake increases risk of pre-eclampsia in high pesticide exposure area Masrikhiyah, Rifatul; Suhartono, Suhartono; Kartasurya, Martha Irene
Universa Medicina Vol 35, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2016.v35.128-134

Abstract

BackgroundPre-eclampsia is the largest direct cause (42%) of maternal mortality death in Brebes district in 2013. The cause of pre-eclampsia is not known with certainty, oxidative stress being one of its causes. The aim of this study was to determine macro- and micronutrient intakes that do not correspond to the needs, as pre-eclampsia risk factors in post-partum women. MethodsThe research was an observational study of case control design. Study subjects were 20-35 year-old post partum women consisting of 55 cases (pre-eclampsia) and 55 controls (non-pre-eclampsia). Nutrient intakes were measured using semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires and data on levels of pesticide exposure, body mass index (BMI), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) and education were collected from structured interviews. Data was analyzed by chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression. ResultsThere was no difference in age and MUAC between the cases and controls. Low vitamin C intake (OR: 20.93; 95% CI: 2.72 – 161.36), high polyunsaturated fatty acid intake (OR: 10.50; 95% CI: 2.47 – 44.57), and low vitamin E intake (OR: 8.57; 95% CI: 2.07 – 35.46) were pre-eclampsia risk factors after controled for pesticide exposure, BMI and education. Low vitamin C intake played the most important role in the incidence of preeclampsia.ConclusionLow vitamin C intake played the most important role toward pre-eclampsia. Greater caution is needed when issuing recommendations regarding the consumption of vitamin supplements in pregnancy, as high doses of some vitamins may be deleterious.
Additional probiotic therapy lowers SCORAD index in children with atopic dermatitis Ekaputri, Jessica; Evalina, Rita; Deliana, Melda
Universa Medicina Vol 35, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2016.v35.68-74

Abstract

Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common skin disease that is usually chronic, relapsing, causing pruritus and frequent in children. The pathogenesis of AD involves genetic, immunological and environmental factors causing skin barrier dysfunction and dysregulation of the immune system. Probiotic treatment has been claimed to offer several functional properties including stimulation of the immune system and plays an important role in AD. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of probiotic therapy on atopic dermatitis in children.Methods A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 62 children suffering from AD from December 2015 to January 2016. AD severity was assessed based on the scoring of atopic dermatitis (SCORAD) index. Subjects were divided into two groups consisting of 32 and 30 children, the probiotic (probiotic + emollient) and control (emollient) groups, respectively. SCORAD index was re-evaluated after 2 weeks of therapy. The data was analyzed using Mann Whitney test.Results After the intervention, the mean SCORAD index in the probiotic group was significantly much lower than the control group (18.09 ± 8.59 vs 23.21 ± 8.71; p=0.001). The mean decrease in SCORAD index in the probiotic group was 40.4 %, much higher than the control group 25.2%. The number needed to treat (NNT) score of probiotic treatment was 5.3.Conclusion The addition of probiotics to conventional therapy effectively lowers SCORAD index by 40.4% in atopic dermatitis. The impact of probiotics on SCORAD indices is thought to be attained by modification of the immunogenicity of potential allergens.
Obesity contributes toward hypertension in young and older adult Pradono, Julianty; Sintawati, Sintawati
Universa Medicina Vol 35, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2016.v35.96-104

Abstract

BackgroundObesity and hypertension are independent risk factors in the increasing prevalence of non-communicable diseases. The proportion of obesity in Indonesia has increased in the last 5 years according to the National Health Survey. The purpose of this research was to obtain the contribution of obesity toward hypertension in the age group of 18 years and above.MethodsAn observational study of cross-sectional design was conducted using the National Basic Health Research 2013 population data. The total sample of subjects was 2,741,297 from 33 provinces in Indonesia. Data were collected through interviews, blood pressure measurement, and anthropometry. Analysis of categorical data was by means of the chi-square statistical test, followed by calculation of the attributable fraction in the population, and analysis of factors influencing the impact fraction.ResultsThe prevalence of general obesity (BMI>25 kg/m2) was 31.5% in males and 48.0% in females, while central obesity was 20.9% in males and 42.5% in females. In females with general obesity the risk of hypertension was 1.84 (95% CI: 1.82-1.86) times higher than in those with normal BMI. If general obesity and central obesity can be reduced, the prevalence of hypertension may be reduced by 2.9% in males and by 12.2% in females.ConclusionThe prevalence of hypertension in the age group of 18 years or more can be reduced by 2.9% in males and by 12.2% in females, by overcoming the contribution of obesity. Therefore efforts should be geared towards promoting healthy eating habits and maintaining a healthy weight through health education.
High blood pressure tends to increase carotid intima-media thickness in adult females Imran, Yudhisman; Prawiroharjo, Pukovisa; Mawi, Martiem
Universa Medicina Vol 35, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2016.v35.135-142

Abstract

BackgroundAtherosclerosis is initiated by endothelial dysfunction, as a result of increasing degradation of nitrit oxide by reactive oxygen species, thereby increasing oxydative stress. Dyslipidemia is one of the risk factors of endothelial dysfunction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of blood pressure and serum lipid level with carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in subjects aged between 55-65 years.MethodsA cross sectional study was carried out in 52 male and female subjects aged between 55-65 years. Age, gender, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, lipid profile, and CIMT were assessed in all subjects. The independent t-test was used to to analyze the relationship between all variables and CIMT. The level of statistical significance was set at p<0.05ResultsMean age was 59.19 ± 3.68 years, prevalence of thickened CIMT was 66.5%, and plaques were found in 9 subjects. There wwre no significant differences in age, BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and lipid profile between normal and thickened CIMT (p>0.05). However, there was a significant difference in gender between the two groups (p=0.011). In females, mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure were higher in the thickened CIMT group than in the normal CIMT group, but the difference was not significant (p>0.05). ConclusionsOur findings suggest that high blood pressure tends to increase CIMT in female adults. An increasing value of CIMT should be considered as a sign of cerebrovascular disease.
Decreased magnesium level and membrane potential of glaucoma patients Nnodim, Johnkennedy; Elemba JE, Obioma; Constance, Nwadike; Ukamaka, Edward; Treasure, Njoku-Obi; Folorunso, Jimoh Raifu; Magnus, Nsonwu
Universa Medicina Vol 35, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2016.v35.105-109

Abstract

BackgroundOne of the most important sight-threatening eye disorders in ophthalmology is glaucoma. Together with age related macular degeneration it is the most common cause of irreversible blindness. Magnesium (Mg) is considered to improve the ocular blood flow in glaucoma patients and could protect the retinal ganglion cell against oxidative stress. Membrane potential refers to the difference in electrical potential between the intracellular and the extracellular of a biological cell. The objective of this study was to determine the Mg serum level and membrane potential in glucoma subjects.MethodsA case-control study was conducted in eighty confirmed glaucoma patients and eighty normal subjects between 50 to75 years were selected. The serum sodium, potassium and calcium were estimated using Randox Kit. While membrane potential was determined by calculation using Nerst Equation. Magnesium levels were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer technique. An independent t-test was used to analyze the data. ResultsThe results obtained showed that the level of Magnesium serum (1.11 ± 0.14 mg/dL) and membrane potential (176.40 ± 42.00 J) was significantly decreased in glaucoma as compared to the controls (2.4 ± 0.68 mg/dL) and (251.76 ± 191.99) (p<0.05). The serum sodium, potassium and calcium were also significantly decreased among glaucoma subjects compared to control (p<0.005).ConclusionThe result probably suggests, that decrease in magnesium aggravates glaucoma while decrease in membrane potential could cause poor energy transmission and hence affect ocular blood flow. Hence, decreased magnesium and membrane potential levels contributes greatly to glaucoma.

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