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Universa Medicina
Published by Universitas Trisakti
ISSN : 19073062     EISSN : 24072230     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Universa Medicina (univ.med) is a four-monthly medical journal that publishes new research findings on a wide variety of topics of importance to biomedical science and clinical practice. Universa Medicina Online contains both the current issue and an online archive that can be accessed through browsing, advanced searching, or collections by disease or topic
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 589 Documents
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Perbandingan agar MacConkey, Salmonella-Shigella, dan xylose lysine deoxycholate untuk isolasi Shigella dari usap dubur penderita diare Surjawidjaja, Julius E; Salim, Oktavianus Ch.; Bukitwetan, Paul; Lesmana, Murad
Universa Medicina Vol 26, No 2 (2007)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2007.v26.57-63

Abstract

LATAR BELAKANGUmumnya media untuk isolasi Shigella dari tinja terdiri dari media diferensial seperti MacConkey (MAC) dan media selektif seperti agar Salmonella-Shigella (SS), xylose-lysine-deoxycholate (XLD), dan Hektoen enteric (HEA). Untuk isolasi kuman enterik digunakan kombinasi media dengan selektivitas sedang dan sangat selektif, tetapi belum ada keseragaman mengenai media atau kombinasi media yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan media MAC, SS, dan XLD serta mengetahui media mana yang paling sensitif untuk isolasi Shigella.METODEUsap dubur dari penderita diare ditanamkan pada agar MAC, SS dan XLD. Lempeng- agar diinkubasi pada suhu 370C selama 24 jam. Koloni tersangka (non-lactose fermenting) diambil dan ditanamkan ke media biokimia untuk identifikasi Shigella. Uji serologi dilakukan untuk konfirmasi dengan menggunakan serum anti spesifik (Difco laboratories, Detroit, MI). Program Epi Info versi 6 (Center for Disease Control and Prevention) digunakan untuk analisis statistik.HASILSebanyak 1.027 usap dubur dari penderita diare dibiakkan pada agar MAC, SS, dan XLD. Hasil isolasi untuk Shigella secara keseluruhan adalah 8,4%, terdiri dari S. flexneri 6,2%, S. sonnei 1,9%, S. boydii 0,2% dan S. dysenteriae 0,2%. Derajat isolasi Shigella pada agar MAC adalah sebesar 5,1%, pada SS 4,8%, dan pada XLD 7,1%. Kombinasi dari media biakan menunjukkan bahwa 6,5% dari isolat Shigella diperoleh dari MAC+SS, 8,1% dari MAC+XLD, dan 7,9% dari SS+XLD. Dari 86 usap dubur yang positif untuk Shigella, 20 (22,7%) isolat berasal ari lempeng agar XLD saja, 5 (5,8%) dari SS saja, dan 6 (7,0%) dari MAC saja.KESIMPULANUntuk isolasi S. flexneri dan S. sonnei, XLD adalah media yang paling sensitif. MAC+XLD merupakan kombinasi media diferensial dan selektif yang paling sensitif untuk isolasi kuman Shigella.
Weekly lifestyle counselling improves glucose level in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients Amallia Nuggetsiana Setyawati; Inggar Octa Pusthika; Kusmiyati Tjahjono DK
Universa Medicina Vol. 32 No. 2 (2013)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2013.v32.108-117

Abstract

INTRODUCTIONRegular physical exercise and healthy life style have been demonstrated to improve health status of a number of populations. In adherence, counselling on life style and dietary nutrition have been one of the investigated methods todetermine its effectiveness toward metabolic syndrome predictors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of lifestyle change and dietary counselling on glucose level, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure,total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein (LDL), and high density lipoprotein (HDL) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.METHODSA randomized controlled trial was conducted and 26 diagnosed subjects with T2DM were enrolled in the study. After initial screening, they were randomized into the control group and the intervention group, following stratification by gender and age. The intervention group received weekly counselling andeducation, while the control group received counselling and education only once at the initial meeting. Independent t-test was used to compare the glucose level between the two-groups.RESULTSLifestyle counselling and dietary modification effected a significant improvement in blood glucose (p=0.002), but not in BMI, waist circumference, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and HDL. In addition, a positive time effect was found in theintervention group before and after treatment on BMI (p=0.009), waist circumference (p=0.0014), and glucose level (p=0.001). The intervention group also showed a significant positive attitude; almost all of the respondents tried to control their food intake and perform exercise regulary.CONCLUSIONDietary nutrition and lifestyle counselling improve blood glucose control in the short term.
Obesitas sentral, sindroma metabolik dan diabetes melitus tipe dua Pusparini, Pusparini
Universa Medicina Vol 26, No 4 (2007)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2007.v26.195-204

Abstract

Sudah diketahui secara luas bahwa seseorang dengan obesitas mempunyai risiko tinggi untuk mengalami resistensi insulin dan komplikasi metaboliknya seperti diabetes melitus tipe 2 (T2DM), hipertrigliseridemia, penurunan kolesterol high density lipoprotein, hipertensi dan penyakit kardiovaskuler. Akumulasi jaringan adiposa pada bagian tertentu di tubuh seperti di rongga perut menyebabkan peningkatan risiko terjadinya resistensi insulin sampai terjadinya sindroma metabolik. Sindroma metabolik merupakan suatu abnormalitas metabolik yang melibatkan berbagai faktor yang saling berkaitan serta merupakan faktor risiko penyakit jantung koroner yang paling penting pada populasi modern. Pengaturan produksi adipositokin berperan penting pada homeostasis metabolisme glukosa dan lipid. Disregulasi produksi adipositokin pada obesitas sentral terlibat langsung pada patogenesis sindroma metabolik. Penurunan berat badan atau pencegahan peningkatan berat badan merupakan cara terbaik mencegah terjadinya obesitas terutama obesitas sentral yang juga merupakan suatu cara mencegah terjadinya T2DM. Edukasi mengenai komplikasi obesitas dan keterlibatan keluarga dalam pengobatan T2DM sangat penting.
Pterygium: degeneration, exuberant wound healing or benign neoplasm? Tradjutrisno, Nurbuanto
Universa Medicina Vol 28, No 3 (2009)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2009.v28.179-187

Abstract

Pterygium is a condition characterized by the encroachment of a fleshy triangle of conjunctival tissue into the cornea. Despite various studies, the pathogenesis of pterygium remains unclear. Chronic exposure to sun is the only factor of which the role has been clearly documented by epidemiologic and in vitro studies. Recent studies have provided data such as loss of heterozygosity and microsatellite instability, decreased apoptosis, increased growth factors, increased p53 expression, telomerase activity, and presence of oncogenic viruses, which support the concept that pterygia can be considered a neoplastic condition. Some of results are contradictory and some features were only found in a proportion of pterygia; this may be due to differences in methodology and study population, but may also be indicative of multiple causative factors. This implies that the pterygium should be viewed as a final common outcome of various etiological factors, such as geography and ethnicity, with ultraviolet radiation-induced damage as the main factor. Thus the pterygium remains an enigma, having the features of an exuberant growth but also those of a benign neoplasm. In this connection there is a need for a unifying theory capable of explaining all of the characteristics of the pterygium.
Dark chocolate administration improves working memory in students Prastowo, Nawanto Agung; Kristanto, Samuel; Sasmita, Poppy Kristina
Universa Medicina Vol 34, No 3 (2015)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2015.v34.229-236

Abstract

BackgroundFlavonoids have positive effects on health, including the nervous system. High flavonoid content can be found in chocolate, especially dark chocolate. Verbal working memory is important for reasoning, language comprehension, planning, and spatial processing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a single dose of dark and white chocolate administration on verbal working memory in medical students. MethodsA study of experimental pre-post test design with controls was conducted on 60 students. These were simply randomized into two groups: the first group was supplemented with white chocolate as control, and the second group received dark chocolate, at an identical single dose of 100 g. Working memory was measured with the digit span forwards (DSF) and the digit span backwards (DSB) tests, before, at 1 hour, and at 3 hours after intervention. Independent t and Mann-Whitney tests were used for data analysis. ResultsScores for DSF and DSB in control and treatment groups were similar at baseline. At 1 hour after dark and white chocolate administration, DSF and DSB scores were not significantly different between the two groups (p=0.832; p=0.683). Supplementation of dark chocolate at 3 hours after intervention significantly increased DSB scores compared to white chocolate (p=0.041), but DSF scores were not significantly different between the two groups (p=0.204). ConclusionsDark chocolate as a single dose is capable of improving verbal working memory in students, 3 hours after its consumption. Since cocoa contains multiple bioactive compounds, one approach might be to examine the neurocognitive effects of combinations of potential functional ingredients.
Transcription factor 7-like 2 as type-2 diabetes mellitus diagnostic marker in ethnic Minangkabau Syamsurizal Syamsurizal; Yanwirasti Yanwirasti; Asman Manaf; Jamsari Jamsari; ML Edy Parwanto; Arif Sardi
Universa Medicina Vol. 33 No. 3 (2014)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2014.v33.205-212

Abstract

BACKGROUNDThe prevalence of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been increasing rapidly in developed and developing countries. Many new loci associated with T2DM have been uncovered by genetic and genome-wide association studies, eg. the transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) gene variant rs7895340 has been associated with type-2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of this research was to find an association between polymorphisms of TCF7L2 gene variant rs7895340 with T2DM in ethnic Minangkabau.METHODSThis was a case-control study using a consecutive sampling technique among ethnic Minangkabau patients who came for treatment to the Metabolic Endocrinology Polyclinic at Dr. M. Jamil Hospital. Analysis was performed on 132 subjects (66 T2DM patients and 66 controls). DNA was isolated from venous blood samples and amplified using the amplification refractory mutation system - polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) method to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of TCF7L2 gene variant rs7895340. To determine the significance of association of SNPs of rs7895340 with T2DM in ethnic Minangkabau, data analysis was performed using chi-square test.RESULTSThe ARMS - PCR for TCF7L2 gene variant rs7895340 found polymorphisms in 28 (42.42%) subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus and in 15 (22.72%) non-diabetic subjects.There was a significant association between rs7895340 SNPs with the probability of T2DM in ethnic Minangkabau (OR=2.505, p=0.026). CONCLUSIONSSingle nucleotide polymorphism rs7895340 of TCF7L2 gene can be used as genetic marker of type-2 diabetes mellitus in ethnic Minangkabau.
Torg ratios based on cervical lateral plain films in normal subjects Tjahjadi, David; Onibala, MZ
Universa Medicina Vol 29, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2010.v29.8-13

Abstract

Stenosis of the spinal canal can be caused by trauma, degenerative processes, and tumors, causing a neurological deficit. If the neurological deficit could be detected or diagnosed earlier, the late complications such as quadriparesis could be prevented. The Torg ratio can be used to find evidence of cervical canal stenosis on lateral plain film, as it has the advantage of not being affected by magnification. The purpose of this study was to determine the Torg ratio for normal subjects using lateral plain films of cervical vertebrae. This cross-sectional study was done at the Department of Radiology FKUI/RSUPN-CM Jakarta, starting from September 16 – 20, 2008. The study included 98 subjects, aged 20 – 40 years, were the mean age of the subjects was 27.4 years (SD ± 5.4). All participants were subjected to measurement of the Torg ratio by cervical lateral plain film. The mean Torg ratio of normal subjects was 0.99 for males and 1.06 for females. The mean Torg ratio of several ethnicities were 1.04 for Javanese, 1.02 for Sundanese, 1.01 for Betawi, and 0.99 for other ethnicities. The mean Torg ratio of our subjects is different from that of other people, such as Pakistanis, Singaporeans, and Koreans. The mean Torg ratios of ethnicities are not significantly different from one another. Therefore, the Torg ratio can be relied upon to predict narrowing of the cervical spinal canal in the sagittal plane.
Serum carcinoembryonic antigen tends to decrease in poorly-differentiated colorectal cancer Ester Morina Silalahi; Lukman Hakim Zain; Rustam Effendi
Universa Medicina Vol. 32 No. 3 (2013)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2013.v32.165-171

Abstract

BACKGROUND Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 are tumor markers for colorectal cancer (CRC), both having prognostic value. According to the Colorectal Working Group of the American Joint Committee on Cancer, increases in CEA and CA 19-9 levels of >5 µg/l and > 37 U/ml, respectively, are considered abnormal. Increased serum CEA may be encountered in postoperative CRC patients from recurrences or metastases. There are no research data in Indonesia on the characteristics of CEA and CA 19-9 levels according to preoperative CRC cellular differentiation. The objective of this study was to determine differences in serum CEA and CA 19-9 levels according to CRC cellular differentiation. METHODSThis was a cross-sectional study conducted on 40 CRC subjects from July 2012 until May 2013. Determination of serum CEA and CA 19-9 levels and histopathological (cellular) differentiation grades in CRC biopsies was done in all subjects. RESULTS The study involved forty CRC patients, consisting of 22 males and 18 females, with mean age of 51.93 ± 11.63 years, CEA levels of 51.93 ± 84.07 ng/ml and CA 19-9 levels of 33.81 ± 62.39 U/ml. Carcino-embryonic antigen levels tended to decrease with decreasing CRC histopathological grade, while CA 19-9 levels increased in well-differentiated CRC. However, both relationships were statistically not significant (with p=0.314 and p=0.787, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels tend to decrease with decreasing histopathological grade of CRC, and CA 19-9 levels tend to increase in well-differentiated CRC.
Statins and risk of diabetes mellitus Richard Tjan
Universa Medicina Vol. 33 No. 2 (2014)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2014.v33.73-74

Abstract

Statins are competitive inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, which reduces HMG-CoA to mevalonate, the precursor of cholesterol via squalene. Inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase results in a decrease in cholesterol production. Since 1987, when the United States Federal Drug Administration (FDA) approved lovastatin for clinical use,(1) statins have been widely used for secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease, particularly coronary heart disease (CHD), which is associated with high levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Statins are also used in type 2 diabetes mellitus, since this carries a high risk of CHD. Statins have several adverse effects, to which must now be added new onset diabetes. In 2012 the FDA issued a warning about the risk of newly developed diabetes mellitus in older persons, such that statin labels now include information on glycemic effects, including diabetes and increases in hemoglobin A1c or fasting plasma glucose.(2) According to the results of a recent meta-analysis involving 13,966 40+-year patients newly treated with statins between 1 January 1977 and 31 March 2011, a moderate but significant increase was found in the risk of new onset diabetes within the first two years of using regular higher potency statins (rosuvastatin >10 mg, atorvastatin >20 mg, and simvastatin >40 mg), compared with lower potency drugs. Therefore these investigators caution clinicians regarding the use of higher potency statins in secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease.(2) The use of a new drug carries a “built-in time-bomb”, because nothing is known about its side effects, except for those revealed by animal tests and limited clinical trials. Even a multicenter clinical trial cannot be expected to reveal all possible adverse reactions associated with a new drug. As an illustration, in patients without diabetes mellitus, more than 345 000 cases were needed to detect an increase in fasting blood glucose of 3 mg/dL as a result of statin use.(3) Here is a verbatim quote from Shah and Goldfine: “For any prescription drug, the potential benefits to health must be balanced against potential risks. Understanding these potential risks can help physicians and patients make informed decisions on whether to use a medication.” Since the risk of statin-induced diabetes mellitus is important and unknown in the population of persons at lower risk of heart disease, it is considered prudent not to prescribe statins, except when diet and exercise cannot achieve LDL goals.(3) The mechanism by which statins induce diabetes in older persons has been recently uncovered. A Canadian research team has shown that statins increase macrophage IL-1 secretion, ndicating activation of the nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome (caspase-1 inflammasome), which promotes insulin resistance, a precursor of type 2 diabetes. These investigators are of the opinion that the risk of statin-induced insulin Univ Med - Vol. 33 No.2 73 resistance may be reduced by inhibiting the NLRP3/caspase-1 inflammasome, particularly in obese, hyperlipidemic patients who are often at risk for developing diabetes, but have to use statins.(4) In conclusion, although the risk of new diabetes mellitus with statin therapy may be considered to be minimal, the use of statins should only be prescribed by physicians for patients at risk for cardiovascular disease. However, when these patients are also at risk for diabetes mellitus, their blood glucose level should be monitored.(3) On the other hand, since statins may trigger new onset diabetes, presumably in predisposed persons, and since diabetes carries a risk of cardiovascular disease, even statins with the least side effects should not be used routinely for primary prevention, least of all as over-the-counter drugs. Primum non nocere.
Assessment of microarchitecture and crystal structure of hydroxyapatite in osteoporosis Noor, Zairin; Sumitro, Sutiman B; Hidayat, Mohammad; Rahim, Agus Hadian; Taufiq, Ahmad
Universa Medicina Vol 30, No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2011.v30.29-35

Abstract

Osteoporosis is characterized by lower bone mineral density (BMD) and microarchitectural degeneration, which tends to increase bone fragility and fracture risk. Bone microstructure depends on interactions between the mineral atoms, which may perform substitution or incorporation into bone crystals, and may dynamically take over the function of calcium or may become a complementary part. The mineral atoms may also become a composite in the hydroxyapatite crystals. The aim of this study was to find an association between the bone microstructure and hydoxyapatite crystal structure in osteoporosis, in comparison to normal bone. The subjects of this study were surgery patients at the Department of Orthopedics of Ulin General Hospital in Banjarmasin and other centers. Inclusion criteria consisted of the presence of fracture of trabecular bone, normal or osteoporotic BMD values, and no past history of chronic disease. Bone was obtained from fracture patients during surgery. The characteristics of the hydroxyapatite crystals were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the microarchitecture by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM showed degeneration of the microarchitecture of osteoporotic bone, in comparison with normal bone. On XRD there was a peak of hydoxyapatite crystals only and no other crystal phases. Diffraction patterns showed a larger crystal size in osteoporotic bone as compared to normal bone, indicating higher porosity. It may be concluded that there is a difference in crystal size and morphologic distribution of hydoxyapatite in osteoporotic bone, determining bone microarchitecture.

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