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Dark chocolate administration improves working memory in students Prastowo, Nawanto Agung; Kristanto, Samuel; Sasmita, Poppy Kristina
Universa Medicina Vol 34, No 3 (2015)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2015.v34.229-236

Abstract

BackgroundFlavonoids have positive effects on health, including the nervous system. High flavonoid content can be found in chocolate, especially dark chocolate. Verbal working memory is important for reasoning, language comprehension, planning, and spatial processing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a single dose of dark and white chocolate administration on verbal working memory in medical students. MethodsA study of experimental pre-post test design with controls was conducted on 60 students. These were simply randomized into two groups: the first group was supplemented with white chocolate as control, and the second group received dark chocolate, at an identical single dose of 100 g. Working memory was measured with the digit span forwards (DSF) and the digit span backwards (DSB) tests, before, at 1 hour, and at 3 hours after intervention. Independent t and Mann-Whitney tests were used for data analysis. ResultsScores for DSF and DSB in control and treatment groups were similar at baseline. At 1 hour after dark and white chocolate administration, DSF and DSB scores were not significantly different between the two groups (p=0.832; p=0.683). Supplementation of dark chocolate at 3 hours after intervention significantly increased DSB scores compared to white chocolate (p=0.041), but DSF scores were not significantly different between the two groups (p=0.204). ConclusionsDark chocolate as a single dose is capable of improving verbal working memory in students, 3 hours after its consumption. Since cocoa contains multiple bioactive compounds, one approach might be to examine the neurocognitive effects of combinations of potential functional ingredients.
Performance of osteoporosis self-assessment tool in detecting low bone mineral density in menopausal women Haryono, Ignatio Rika; Prastowo, Nawanto Agung
Universa Medicina Vol 36, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2017.v36.123-130

Abstract

BackgroundThe osteoporosis self-assessment tool (OST) is a simple screening tool to assess risk of osteoporosis and to select high risk women for dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) examination. This study aimed to evaluate OST performance in detecting low bone mineral density (BMD) in menopausal women.MethodsA cross-sectional study involving 60 menopausal women aged 50-65 years. The OST score was calculated from: [weight (kg) – age (yr)] x 0.2. Subjects were classified by OST score into low risk (OST ³2) and high risk (OST< 2) groups. BMD was determined by DXA at 3 bone locations (L1-L4, femoral neck, and total hip). DXA T-scores were categorized into: normal BMD (T-score >-1) and low BMD (T-score £-1). Independent t-test was used to compare subject characteristics between OST groups. Diagnostic performance of OST was evaluated by measuring sensitivity, specificity, positive & negative predictive value (PPV, NPV), positive & negative likelihood ratio (PLR, NLR) and receiver-operating characteristic (ROC). Significance was set at p<0.05.ResultsSubject characteristics and BMD between groups were significantly different (p<0.05). Most subjects (44/73.3%) had high risk of low BMD (OST < 2). Low BMD (T score £-1) was found in 43 subjects (71.7%) at L1-L4, 41 subjects (68.3%) at femoral neck, and 37 subjects (61.7%) at total hip. Diagnostic performance of OST was significant at total hip BMD (sensitivity=0.946, AUC=0.777).Conclusion We conclude that use of the OST score in menopausal women is effective and has adequate sensitivity and specificity. The highest diagnostic performance of OST is on total hip BMD.
Body Mass Index, a Body Shape Index, and Waist-to-Height Ratio in Predicting Elevated Blood Pressure Bryan Junius Winata; Veronika Maria Sidharta; Linawati Hananta; Vetinly Vetinly; Nawanto Agung Prastowo
Althea Medical Journal Vol 9, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15850/amj.v9n1.2291

Abstract

Background: One of the complications of obesity is an elevation in blood pressure  which can increase the risk of hypertension. This study aimed to explore body mass index (BMI), a body shape index (ABSI), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) in predicting elevated blood pressure (BP).Methods: This study was conducted in a cross-sectional design on 215 medical students from October 2019 to September 2020. Respondents measured their own weight, height, waist circumference and BP. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve were analyzed using IBM SPSS v.23. Results: Of the 215 medical students who participated in this study, only 102 met the inclusion criteria. The majority of the students were female (n=71, 69.6%) with a mean age of 19.37 years, and normal blood pressure (n=90, 88.2%). Area under the ROC curve (AUC) of WHtR and ABSI were 0.774 (p-value= 0.002) and 0.766 (p-value= 0.003) respectively, which were still acceptable. However, the AUC of BMI (p-value=0.589) was 0.11, which was considered poor.Conclusion: The indicators of obesity can be used as a screening value for increased blood pressure in adults, with BMI being the weakest indicator compared to ABSI and WHtR. Further research is needed to examine ABSI and WHtR indicators as predictor of increased blood pressure in adults.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI EXCESSIVE DAYTIME SLEEPINESS PADA MAHASISWA FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN DAN ILMU KESEHATAN UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA Clarisa Seravine; Nawanto Agung Prastowo
Bahasa Indonesia Vol 18 No 2 (2019): Damianus Journal of Medicine
Publisher : Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25170/djm.v18i2.2220

Abstract

Introduction: Excessive daytime sleepiness is a person's tendency to fall asleep when they should be awake. This can cause various problems in the performance of daily activities such as a decrease in workplace productivity, traffic accidents, and a lower academic score among medical students. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the factors that influence the occurrence of excessive daytime sleepiness among the students of Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia School of Medicine dan Health Sciences (FKIK UAJ).Methods: This research is a descriptive analytic study with a cross-sectional approach on respondents consisting of preclinical students from the year 2015 -2017. Respondents were given questionnaires containing demographic data, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and subjective sleep duration. Data on height, weight, and waist circumference of the respondents were taken using their corresponding measuring instruments. The analysis was conducted using logistic regression in order to find which factors has the most influence on excessive daytime sleepiness.Results: In this study, 132 students from FKIK UAJ who met the inclusion criteria were were selected as respondents. Data analysis showed that excess body mass index was the most statistically significant factor in the occurrence of excessive daytime sleepiness among FKIK UAJ students with an OR of 14,584 (95% CI 5,651-37,637) followed by inadequate sleep duration with an OR of 3.693 (95% CI 1,183-11,533).Conclusion: This research has found that the greatest factors on the occurrence of excessive daytime sleepiness on the students of FKIK UAJ are excessive body mass index and inadequate sleep duration.
THE DIFFERENCE IN GRADE POINTS BETWEEN MORNING AND EVENING CHRONOTYPES AMONG PRECLINICAL MEDICAL STUDENTS Cindy Leona Wangsa; Nawanto Agung Prastowo; Veronica Dwi Jani Juliawati; Francisca Tjhay
Jurnal Pendidikan Kedokteran Indonesia: The Indonesian Journal of Medical Education Vol 11, No 2 (2022): JUNI
Publisher : Asosiasi Institusi Pendidikan Kedokteran Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpki.65919

Abstract

Background: Every person has a different diurnal preference, sleep-wake cycle, and alertness known as chronotype. There are three chronotypes, that is morning, evening, and intermediate type. Medical students with evening chronotype are still forced to follow the standard academic schedule in the morning, hence their sleep time is reduced. This problem results in lower grade points since sleep quality affects academic achievement. This study aimed to analyze the difference in grade points between morning and evening chronotypes among medical students.Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was performed among 102 preclinical students class 2018 of School Medicine and Health Sciences of Atma Jaya Catholic University Indonesia. All personal data, grade points, and chronotypes were taken using google form. Chronotypes and sleep characteristics were determined with Munich ChronoType Questionnaire (MCTQ) by calculating weekend mid-sleep time and sleep debt. Unpaired t-test and binary logistic regression were used to analyze the statistical significance.Results: The results of evening chronotype 44.1% respondents, morning chronotype 31.4% respondents, and intermediate chronotype 24.5% respondents were obtained from 102 respondents. There were 65.7% of students with grade points greater than or equal to three and 34.4%  lower than three. There was no significant difference in grade points between morning and evening chronotypes on semester 1, 2, 3, nor grade point average 3 (p>0.05). Conclusion: There is no significant difference in grade points between morning and evening chronotypes among preclinical students class 2018 of School Medicine and Health Sciences Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia.
Comparing tools of balance tests in assessing balance of middle-aged women with or without exercises Nawanto Agung Prastowo; Michelle Olivia Budiarta; Kidyarto Suryawinata; Ignatio Rika Haryono
JKKI : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Indonesia JKKI, Vol 11, No 1, (2020)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/JKKI.Vol11.Iss1.art4

Abstract

Background: Fall risks among middle-aged women are relatively high. However, there is a lack of studies on tools of balance tests and their accuracy among middle-aged women. Objective: The aim of this study is to compare three tools of balance tests to predict falls of middle-aged women who exercise regularly and who do not. Methods: Eighty-five middle-aged women (50-64 years old) were included in this study, and 40 women of them (47.1%) exercised regularly. The Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), and 30-second Chair Stand Test (30-s CST) were the tools examined in this study. The numerical data of this study were analyzed by using a Mann-Whitney test. Those were significant if p<0.05. Accuracy of the tools of balance tests was evaluated by using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. Area under the curve (AUC) was significant if =0.70.Results: Based on this study, the middle-aged women (EG) indicated lower score of TU than sedentary (SG) test (6.9 ± 0.9 vs 8.3 ± 1.7, p = <0.000), and higher score of 30-s than sedentary (SG) test (20.1 ± 3.6 vs 17.2 ± 5.6, p = 0.026). Three participants (3.53%) reported history of falls. The TUG test had better accuracy to predict the falls (AUC 0.922, 95% CI 0.840 - 1.005, sensitivity 1.00, specificity 0.84, p=0.013). Mostly, the participants (˜70%) preferred to practice Tai Chi and Yoga. Conclusion: The middle-aged women who exercised could have a better score of the balance tests, and the TUG test could predict falls of them.
The correlation between skin type and acne scar severity in young adults Yessica Mishellin Awaloei; Nawanto Agung Prastowo; Regina Regina
JKKI : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Indonesia JKKI, Vol 12, No 1, (2021)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/JKKI.Vol12.Iss1.art9

Abstract

Background: Acne is the most common skin disorder, especially in adolescents and youths. Inflammation due to acne may leave scar tissue. The scar severity may correlate with gender and skin type. Objective: This study aims to investigate the correlation between gender, skin type, and acne scar severity in youth. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with 132 (81 female) medical college students aged from 18 to 23 participated in the study. Skin type was assessed using a Baumann Skin Type questionnaire. Acne scar severity was evaluated using the Qualitative Global Scarring Grading. Skin examination was conducted through the image from the face photograph. Lambda test was used to confirm the correlation between gender, skin type, and acne scar severity. Multiple logistic regression was applied to determine the odd risk of gender and skin type to moderate-severe acne scar. Significance was set at p<0.05.Results: Most of the participants (80.3%) had oily skin, and 22 participants (16.7%) had moderate-severe acne scar. A weak positive correlation was confirmed between skin type and acne scar severity (p<0.01, r=0.3). Oily skin type has 4.3 times greater risk of developing more severe acne scar (p<0.01, 95%CI = 1.90-9.90).Conclusion: Skin type is correlated with acne scar severity. Oily skin type is at greater risk of developing severe acne scar.
PELATIHAN PENGGUNAAN POSTURE RATING SCALE UNTUK PEMERIKSAAN POSTUR ATLET BULUTANGKIS REMAJA Ignatio Rika Haryono; Nawanto Agung Prastowo
Jurnal Bakti Masyarakat Indonesia Vol. 5 No. 2 (2022): Jurnal Bakti Masyarakat Indonesia
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, Universitas Tarumanagara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24912/jbmi.v5i2.18019

Abstract

Badminton is the most popular sport in Indonesia. Many children and adolescents engage in badminton at an early age. Sports injury in badminton is quite high. One of the risk factors of injury is posture abnormality. Posture abnormality is common in children and adolescent athletes. It can disturb musculoskeletal function, children's activities, and performance in sports. Early detection of posture abnormality is important to minimize the consequences and to give appropriate treatment. Early detection can be performed by a coach or assistant, sports teacher, or even parents. This activity was to train a coach and assistant in using a posture rating scale (PRS). Four participants attended the PRS usage training. Sixty-seven children and adolescent athletes were examined for their posture. Height and weight were measured according to the standard procedure. Body mass indexes were calculated with a standard formula. Posture was assessed using PRS with a maximal score of sixty-five. All activities were performed in a badminton club in Depok, West Java. The results showed all trainees passed the PRS usage training. The mean age of athletes was 10.1 years. The mean score of PRS was 59.7. Also, posture abnormality was quite a lot among adolescent badminton players. Scoliosis (34.3%), flat foot (34.3%), and lordosis (14.9%) were the most abnormalities found. PRS is quite an easy, beneficial, and convenient tool for posture examination in adolescent athletes   ABSTRAK: Bulutangkis adalah olahraga terpopuler di Indonesia. Banyak pemain mulai berlatih bulutangkis pada usia yang sangat muda. Prevalensi cedera olahraga pada bulutangkis cukup tinggi. Salah satu faktor risiko cedera adalah postur abnormal. Abnormalitas postur cukup banyak ditemukan pada atlet anak dan remaja. Abnormalitas postur dapat menimbulkan gangguan sistem muskuloskeletal sehingga dapat mengganggu aktivitas fisik dan kinerja olahraga. Deteksi dini merupakan tindakan penting untuk meminimalisir efek yang merugikan dan untuk memberikan terapi yang adekuat. Deteksi dini dapat dilakukan oleh pelatih/asisten, guru olahraga, bahkan orangtua. Kegiatan ini ditujukan untuk memberikan pelatihan singkat penggunaan posture rating scale (PRS) dan mengevaluasi postur atlet bulutangkis anak dan remaja. Empat orang mengikuti pelatihan penggunaan PRS. Enam puluh tujuh atlet remaja diperiksa postur nya menggunakan PRS. Tinggi dan berat badan diukur menggunakan metode standar. Indeks massa tubuh dihitung menggunakan rumus baku. postur dievaluasi menggunakan PRS dengan skor maksimal 65. Kegiatan dilakukan di sebuah klub bulutangkis di Depok, Jawa Barat. Sebanyak empat peserta pelatihan dinyatakan lulus. Hasil menunjukkan rerata usia atlet adalah 10.1 tahun, dan rerata skor PRS adalah 59.7. Kelainan postur cukup banyak ditemukan pada atlet bulutangkis anak dan remaja. Kelainan postur paling banyak ditemukan adalah skoliosis (34.3%), flat foot (34.3%), dan lordosis (14.9%). PRS adalah alat pemeriksaan yang cukup mudah, bermanfaat, dan nyaman bagi anak-anak dan remaja
Hubungan Asupan Vitamin D dan Keluhan Muskuloskeletal pada Kelompok Usia 17-35 Tahun Florent Hasthiono; Komang Ardi Wahyuningsih; Veronika Maria Sidharta; Nawanto Agung Prastowo
Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat Vol 12 No 02 (2023): Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat
Publisher : UIMA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33221/jikm.v12i02.1676

Abstract

Defisiensi vitamin D masih menjadi masalah kesehatan global sampai saat ini, tidak terkecuali negara tropis yang memiliki lebih banyak paparan sinar matahari. Studi di negara-negara Eropa, Amerika dan Asia menunjukkan tingkat defisiensi vitamin D berkisar antara 45-90%. Indonesia termasuk negara dengan tingkat defisiensi vitamin D yang tinggi, tetapi laporan mengenai status vitamin D dan upaya pencegahannya belum banyak dilakukan. Keluhan pada muskuloskeletal akan menimbulkan gangguan atau sensasi ketidaknyamanan, memengaruhi performa dalam bekerja dan mengurangi produktivitas terutama pada kelompok usia dewasa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara asupan vitamin D dan keluhan muskuloskeletal pada kelompok usia 17-35 tahun pada mahasuswa Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan (FKIK) Unika Atma Jaya dan kerabatnya pada rentang usia tersebut. Desain penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatan potong lintang. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan metode consecutive sampling pada tahun 2021 di Indonesia. Asupan vitamin D diukur dengan Vitamin D Estimation Only - Food Frequency Questionnaire dan keluhan muskuloskeletal diukur dengan kuesioner Nordic Body Map. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji Chi-square. Subjek penelitian sebanyak 108 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 67,6% responden dengan asupan vitamin D yang tidak adekuat dan 80,6% yang memiliki keluhan muskuloskeletal. Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara asupan vitamin D dengan keluhan muskuloskeletal pada kelompok usia 17-35 tahun (P-value= 0,379).
Overuse Injury and Its Association with Possible Identified Risk Factors In College Athletes: a Pilot Study Nawanto Agung Prastowo; Ignatio Rika Haryono
JURNAL PENDIDIKAN JASMANI DAN OLAHRAGA Vol 8, No 1 (2023): Health Benefits of Exercise and Physical Activity
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17509/jpjo.v8i1.56086

Abstract

Participating in sporting competitions exposes college students to body collisions and complex movements, leading to a higher risk of musculoskeletal injury. If not appropriately treated, acute injuries could evolve into overuse injuries. It can interfere with student activities and academic performance. This study aimed to investigate the overuse injury rate and its association with possible identified risk factors in college athletes. This study is a cross-sectional study involving 100 college athletes from four different sports, including badminton (26 athletes), basketball (21 athletes), futsal (30 athletes), and volleyball (23 athletes). The injury rate was presented as a number of injuries/1000 athletes-exposure (A-E) and 1000 hour-exposure. Possible identified risk factors, gender, age, body mass index (BMI), sports type, and activity were documented. Data on injury rate and student identity were obtained using a questionnaire. Weight and height were measured. Chi-square was applied to analyze the relationship, while binary logistic regression was used to estimate the magnitude of the risk of overuse injury using a reference value. Significance was determined at p0.05. The incidence of overuse injury was 26.2% of all injuries (28 cases). The overall injury rate was 2.58/1000 A-E or 1.41 1000 h-exposure. According to A-E exposure, the highest overuse injury rate was in basketball (3.97/1000 A-E), while the lowest (1.8/1000 A-E) was in futsal. Meanwhile, based on 1000 h-exposure, volleyball was the highest (2.17/1000 h-exposure) and badminton was the lowest (0.85/1000 h-exposure). The overuse injury was mainly found in the lower limb (53.6%). No possible identified risk factors were found to have a relationship with overuse injury (gender, p=0.922; age, p=0.344; BMI, p=0.223; sport type (contact/non-contact), p=0.983; sport type (team/individual), p=0.364; and circumstance (training/competition), p=0.325). The overuse injury rate in college athletes varies depending on the type of sport, with the lower limb being the most affected site. No association was found between possible identified risk factors and overuse injury.