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Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia, 95115
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INDONESIA
PHARMACON
Published by Universitas Sam Ratulangi
ISSN : 23022493     EISSN : 27214923     DOI : 10.35799
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Pharmacon is the journal published by Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University, Indonesia (P-ISSN: 2302-2493 E-ISSN: 2721-4923). Pharmacon was established in 2012 and published four times a year. Pharmacon is an open access journal and has been indexed by main indexing Google Scholar, GARUDA, Crossref.
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Articles 20 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 11 No. 4 (2022): PHARMACON" : 20 Documents clear
Antibacterial Activity Test of African Leaf Extract (Vernonia amygdalina) Against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bacteria Growth. Trifosa Sarijowan; Widdhi Bodhi; Julianri Lebang
PHARMACON Vol. 11 No. 4 (2022): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

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Abstract

African leaves (Vernonia amygdalina) are known to be one part of the plant that has antibacterial activity that has the potential to be developed as a traditional medicine. This study aims to determine antibacterial activity, the effect of increasing extracts and the most effective concentration on the inhibitory power of the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. The antibacterial activity of african leaf ethanol extract with concentrations of 5%, 10%, 20%, 40%, 80% was tested using the disc diffusion method by observing the diameter of the inhibitory zone compared to Ciprofloxacin as a positive control and CMC as a negative control. The results of measurements of the diameter of the inhibition zone concentrations of 5% (7.0 mm), 10% (9.2 mm), 20% (11.5 mm), 40% (13.8 mm), 80% (15.7 mm) in S. aureus bacteria, 5% (8.1 mm), 10% (9.1 mm), 20% (11.6 mm), 40% (13.1 mm), 80% (15.1 mm) in P. aeruginosa bacteria have provided activity to inhibit the growth of test bacteria. The results were analyzed using One Way ANOVA and continued with the Duncan test. Research shows that the higher the concentration of the extract, the greater the diameter of the inhibitory zone of bacterial growth. An extract concentration of 80% is the most effective concentration for inhibiting S. aureus and P. aeruginosa bacteria.
ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY TEST OF BITTER GOURD EXTRACT (Momordica charantia) AS AN INHIBITOR OF α - GLUCOSIDASE ENZYME BY IN SILICO Kezya Wowor; Widdhi Bodhi; Olvie Datu; Axl Windah
PHARMACON Vol. 11 No. 4 (2022): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

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ABSTRACTDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that interferes with the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. This study aims to determine the types of bioactive compounds contained in bitter melon extract and to analyze interaction of targeted compounds against the α -glucosidase enzyme using the in silico approach. The results of the analysis using Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometer (GCMS) used to obtain information on bioactive compounds that will be used as ligands to be attached to the α-glucosidase enzyme. Furthermore, the potential ability of each compound as antidiabetic was test using PyRx application and Acarbose was its control. The results of the GCMS analysis of this study contained 23 compounds detected in the methanol extract of bitter melon. This research proves that the compound Spirost-8-en-11 one, 3 hydroxy, (3ß,5a,14ß, 20ß, 22ß, 25R) with a binding affinity of -9.0 kcal/mol and Cholesta-8,24-dien -3-ol, 4-methyl-, (3ß,4a)- with a binding affinity of -8.3 kcal/mol have a good conformation. This research can be concluded that the two compounds can be developed as antidiabetic.  Keywords: Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia), antidiabetic, α - Glucosidase enzyme, molecular docking
DOCTOR’S PERCEPTION OF THE ROLE OF PHARMACISTS IN CLINICAL PHARMACY SERVICES AT RSUP PROF. DR. R. D. KANDOU MANADO Florence Jewelly Gabriella Raintama; Widya Lolo; Surya Sumantri Abdullah
PHARMACON Vol. 11 No. 4 (2022): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

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In providing pharmaceutical services, collaboration between pharmacists and doctors is needed to improve therapeutic outcomes. For this reason, this study aims to describe doctors' perceptions about the role of pharmacists in carrying out pharmaceutical work at RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado in order to determine the extent to which doctors understand the pharmaceutical services provided by pharmacists. This research is a descriptive research with survey method and data processing is done quantitatively. Research respondents are doctors who work at RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado consisting of 75 respondents. The tool used in this research is a questionnaire using the Guttman scale which has been through validity and reliability tests. Data analysis was carried out by describing it in the form of a frequency distribution to find out how health workers perceive the role of pharmacists in pharmaceutical services at RSUP Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou Manado. The results showed that doctors' perceptions tended to agree with the average value for opinions of 81.54% and for expectations of 94%. The conclusion of this study is that doctors have good opinions and expectations about the role of pharmacists in accordance with Pharmaceutical Service Standards.
UJI TOKSISITAS AKUT KOMBINASI EKSTRAK BAWANG DAYAK (Eleutherine americana Merr.) DAN PINANG YAKI (Areca vestiaria) TERHADAP ORGAN GINJAL TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN GALUR WISTAR (Rattus norvegicus) Sharon Colin Tangkere; Herny Simbala; Meilani Jayanti
PHARMACON Vol. 11 No. 4 (2022): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

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Abstract

Bawang dayak (Eleutherine americana Merr.) dan pinang yaki (Areca vestiaria) memiliki potensi sebagai bahan obat tradisional. Namun belum diketahui efek toksik penggunaan kombinasi ekstrak tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian oral kombinasi ekstrak bawang dayak dan pinang yaki terhadap organ ginjal tikus putih melalui pengujian toksisitas akut. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan hewan percobaan tikus putih berjumlah 18 ekor, dibagi dalam dua kelompok perlakuan ekstrak bawang dayak dosis 10,8 mg dan 14,4 mg, dua kelompok perlakuan ekstrak pinang yaki dosis 10,8 mg dan 14,4 mg, satu kelompok perlakuan kombinasi ekstrak bawang dayak dan pinang yaki dosis 21,6 mg, dan satu kelompok kontrol sebagai pembanding. Perlakuan dilakukan selama 14 hari dengan pengamatan yang dilakukan berupa pengamatan makroskopis organ ginjal, pengamatan berat badan dan berat organ. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa warna, konsistensi, dan permukaan organ pada semua perlakuan terlihat normal. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa secara makroskopik, kombinasi ekstrak bawang dayak dan pinang yaki tidak menunjukkan kerusakan organ ginjal.
Formulasi dan Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Sediaan Body Scrub Ekstrak Etanol Daun Matoa (Pometia pinnata) Melisa Oktavin Hehakaya; Hosea Edy; Jainer Siampa
PHARMACON Vol. 11 No. 4 (2022): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

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Body scrub merupakan sediaan kosmetik pembersih kulit yang mengandung scrub yang berfungsi sebagai pengampelas untuk mengangkat sel kulit mati, menghaluskan dan mengangkat sel kulit yang rusak. Jika regenerasi kulit terhambat, maka kulit akan menjadi kering, kusam dan tidak elastis. Daun matoa merupakan bahan alam yang terbukti memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dan dapat mencegah penuaan dini. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efektivitas antioksidan body scrub ekstrak etanol daun matoa dan penemuan fisik sediaan meliputi uji organoleptik, uji homogenitas, pH, uji daya sebar dan uji iritasi. Lulur formula tubuhdibuat dengan konsentrasi ekstrak etanol daun matoa 1%, 2,5%, 4% dan 5,5%. Penentuan aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan menggunakan metode DPPH ( 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhidrazyl ). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efektivitas antioksidan terbaik ditemukan pada body scrub ekstrak etanol daun matoa 5,5% dengan nilai IC 50 sangat kuat sebesar 44,49 ppm dan sediaan body scrub memenuhi persyaratan organoleptik, homogenitas, pH, daya sebar dan uji.
POTENCY OF EXTRACT AND FRACTION OF SPONGE Lamellodysidea herbacea OBTAINED FROM MANADO TUA ISLAND AGAINST Staphylococcus aureus AND Escherichia coli Angellia Grace Yetto; Defny Wewengkang; Elly Suoth
PHARMACON Vol. 11 No. 4 (2022): PHARMACON
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Sponges has many kind of secondary metabolites and has potential as important clues in drug development. This study aims to determined the potential level of Sponge Lamellodysidea herbacea obtained from Manado Tua Island waters as an antibacterial agent against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. The samples were extracted using maceration method with ethanol solvent and fractionated with n-hexane, chloroform and methanol as solvents. Antibacterial activity was tested using agar diffusion method (Disc Diffusion Kirby and Bauer). The result showed that all of the fractions and crude extract had antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The best antibacterial activity was found in the n-hexane fraction against Escherichia coli bacteria with an inhibitory power 11.05 mm and the chloroform fraction against Escherichia coli with an inhibitory power 21.99 mm.
FORMULATION AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY TEST OF COCOA BEAN EXTRACT TOOTHPASTE (Theobroma Cacao L.) AGAINST STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS BACTERIA Apriliani Margaret Marista Lourina Rarung; Paulina Yamlean; Karlah Mansauda
PHARMACON Vol. 11 No. 4 (2022): PHARMACON
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Cocoa beans (Theobroma cacao L.) are seeds of the cocoa tree which have a active components, is polyphenols which have the potential as antibacterial. This study aimed to formulate the toothpaste of Cocoa bean ethanol extract with concentrations of 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5%, 15% and tested for physical evaluation of the preparation and to obtain the inhibitory power against Streptococcus mutans bacteria. In this research, the cocoa beans was extracted used the maceration method with 96% ethanol solvent and tested for antibacterial used the well method. The results showed an organoleptic physical evaluation requirements, homogeneous homogeneity test, pH test 7.4-7.7, spreadability test 30-33 mm, and adhesion test 2.25-3.23 seconds. Toothpaste has antibacterial activity with an average diameter of F1 (8.16 mm), F2 (8.5 mm), F3 (9.5 mm), F4 (10.41 mm) are in the medium category and F5 (11.58 mm) is in the strong category. Based on the study result can be concluded that all formulations of toothpaste preparations of Cocoa bean ethanol extract filled the antibacterial activity requirements and physical test requirements and had the strongest antibacterial activity at a concentration of 15% at 11.58 mm.
FORMULATION AND TEST OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY LOTION ETHYL ACETATE FRACTION OF CORN SILK (Zea mays L.) Nadyavenza Yratxe Fabiola Karamoy; Paulina M.Si; Surya Sumantri Abdullah
PHARMACON Vol. 11 No. 4 (2022): PHARMACON
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Corn Silk (Zea mays L.) is a plant that contains various active compounds such as flavonoids and fenols that function as antioxidants. This study aimed to test the effectivity of the antioxidant lotion ethyl acetate fraction of corn silk used the DPPH method and evaluated the physical preparations with physical properties test parameters. Corn silk was extracted using maceration method with 96% ethanol as solvent and fractionated with ethyl acetate as solvent.Lotion preparation were made into 5 formulas (F1-F5) with variations in the concentration of corn silk ethyl acetate fraction (2%-10%). The results showed that the lotion of the ethyl acetate fraction of corn silk had IC50 values respectively 128,96 ppm; 116,87 ppm; 102,96 ppm; 90,98 ppm; 64,68 ppm. F5 continued to evaluate the physical properties of the preparation. The results of the physical evaluation of the preparation showed that the lotion preparation filled the organoleptic requirements, homogeneity, pH, adhesion, spreadability. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the lotion of the ethyl acetate fraction of corn silk has the effectivity as an antioxidant and fulfills the requirements for the parameters of the physical properties of the preparation.
Formulation and Antibacterial Activity Test of Peel-Off Gel Mask Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Cocoa Pods (Theobroma cacao L.) against Staphylococcus aureus as Anti-Acne Immanuela Irene Mandias; Paulina Yamlean; Surya Sumantri Abdullah
PHARMACON Vol. 11 No. 4 (2022): PHARMACON
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Cocoa pods (Theobroma cacao L.) is a part of the Cocoa plant which contains active compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins and tannins that have the potential as antibacterial. This study aimed to formulate a peel-off gel mask preparation of the ethyl acetate fraction which is physically good and to test the inhibitory power of the peel-off gel mask with concentrations of 2, 4, 8, 10, and 12% against Staphylococcus aureus. This research used laboratory experimental method. The results showed that the peel-off gel mask filled the requirements for physical evaluation, that is organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, adhesion and drying time. The antibacterial activity test using the well diffusion method showed that the average diameter for F1 to F5 respectively was 7,5; 8,58; 12; 12,75; and 14 mm. Based on the result of the study it can be included that the overall formulation of the peel-off gel mask filled the requirements of the parameters of the physical properties of the preparation and provides the greatest antibacterial activity that is formula 5 with a concentration of 12%, which is 14 mm.
AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN BUAH CABAI RAWIT MELALUI PENGUJIAN DPPH Irma Antasionasti; Surya Sumantri Abdullah; Jainer Pasca Siampa; Imam Jayanto
PHARMACON Vol. 11 No. 4 (2022): PHARMACON
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Cabai rawit (Capsicum frutescens L.) merupakan salah satu rempah yang sangat penting untuk makanan, industry, dan obat. Oleh karena itu, eksplorasi cabai rawit sebagai antioksidan alami sangat dibutuhkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan aktivitas antioksidan cabai rawit merah dari daerah Kawangkoan, Tomohon, dan Remboken menggunakan pengujian DPPH. Cabai rawit diekstraksi menggunakan teknik maserasi menggunakan etanol 70% sebagai pelarut dan pengujian antioksidan menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis pada Panjang gelombang 517 nm. Aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak cabai rawit dari Kawangkoan, Tomohon, dan Remboken secara berturut-turut adalah 80,215 ± 2,486; 100,1 ± 0,140; and 97,136 ± 0,026 µg/mL. Berdasarkan analisis data statistic, terdapat perbedaan bermakna dari ketiga sampel ekstrak cabai rawit (P>0,05), yaitu ekstrak cabai rawit dari Kawangkoan berbeda dengan ekstrak cabai rawit dari Tomohon dan Remboken (P>0,05). Namun, aktivitas antioksidan dari ketiga sampel masih dalamkategori aktivitas antioksidan kuat (IC50 50-100 µg/mL), sehingga ektrak cabai rawit memili potensi sebagai antioksidan pada makanan dan industry farmasi.

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