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Paediatrica Indonesiana
ISSN : 00309311     EISSN : 2338476X     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Paediatrica Indonesiana is a medical journal devoted to the health, in a broad sense, affecting fetuses, infants, children, and adolescents, belonged to the Indonesian Pediatric Society. Its publications are directed to pediatricians and other medical practitioners or researchers at all levels of health practice throughout the world.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 2,127 Documents
Investigations on the Aetiology and Antibiotic Management of Neonatal Septicemia Hans Eldih Monintja
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 28 No 5-6 (1988): May - June 1988
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (675.83 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi28.5-6.1988.105-15

Abstract

This is a prospective study aimed in identifying the latest aetiological factors of neonatal sepsis in Dr. Cipto General Hospital, Jakarta, and investigating the efficacy of antibiotics treatment especially with ceftriaxone. This study revealed that the present main causative microorganisms are as follows: Pseudomonas, Klebsiella and E. coli. The case fatality rates being: (1) Standard treatment with ampicillin and gentamycin: 80.9%, (2) S(andard treatment with consomittant ceftriaxone: 20%, (3) Ceftriaxone: 9,52%. It seems that in facing neonatal septicemia, the initial antibiotic should be the third generation cephalosporine. The second choice is chloramphenicol. However, the causative agent and the sensitivity test should be monitored regularly.
A Study Comparing Rooming-in with Separate Nursing Syafruddin Mapata; Djauhariah A, M.; Dasril Daud
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 28 No 5-6 (1988): May - June 1988
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (509.964 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi28.5-6.1988.116-23

Abstract

A study comparing rooming-in with separate nursing involving 253 and 161 pairs of mothers and their newborns respectively, was carried out in Ujung Pandang General Hospital from September 1985 to February 1987 inclusive. Breastmilk production started earlier in mothers on rooming-in program compared to those with separate nursing. Jaundice was more often seen and physiological body weight loss more obvious in the separate nursing than in the rooming-in group. This study failed to show the differences in the incidence of diarrhea and moniliasis between the two systems, but the overall morbidity of nosocomial infections seemed to be lower in the rooming-in group.
Rooming-in For Babies Born by Caesarean Section in Dr. Cipto Mangnnkusumo General Hospital Jakarta Rulina Suradi
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 28 No 5-6 (1988): May - June 1988
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (498.5 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi28.5-6.1988.124-32

Abstract

Rooming-in was started in our hospital in 1981 for newborns born normally. After having good results with this in mid 1984 we started rooming-in for babies delivered by caesarean section if they fulfilled a certain criteria. But the facilities for rooming-in for caesaren babies were still limited, so not every baby who fulfilled the criteria could be roomed in with the mother. In the year 1986, 4112 babies were born in our hospital among which 868 were delivered by caesarean section. Of the 868 babies 435 babies fulfilled the criteria but only 269 babies could be roomed in with the mother while 166 babies had to be nursed separately. We compared the data of the rooming-in babies to the babies nursed separately. The study showed that in the rooming-in group more mothers were fully breastfeeding on discharge and incidence of sepsis, enteritis and hyperbilirubinaemia were significantly lower while mortality and the incidence of pneumonia, omfalitis, conjunctivitis and pyodermia did not differ significantly.
The Spectrum of Gastroenteritis at the Pediatric Outpatient Clinic,. Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, University of North Sumatera in 1982 Taheng Sebayang; Atan Baas Sinuhaji; Tyahaya Bangun; Manihar D. Marbun; A. H. Sutanto
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 28 No 1-2 (1988): January - February 1988
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (832.067 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi28.1-2.1988.1-13

Abstract

The number of children attending the Pediatric Outpatient Clinic of Pirngadi Hospital, Medan, during 1982 was 15.375. Out of these, 1246 (8.1%) had gastroenteritis. Most of the patients (1046 or 83.94%) were under two years old. The male to female ratio was 1.6: I. The peak incidence for allendance was in January, April, and May. Of 1057 patients under five years old, 383 (36.2%) also had malnutrition. The highest percentage (70. 75%) of those who had malnutrition was found in the I to 2 years age group. Of 370 patients whose Hb level was examined, 185 (50%) had anemia. The highest percentage (67.02%) was in the below 1 year group. Only 360 (28.8%) of gastroenteritis cases received oral rehydration solution. There were 23 (1.85%) cases in which diarrhea lasted longer than 7 days. The number of patients admitted to the ward was 213 (17.07%), and the highest percentage was in the above 3 years age group. The largest number of hospitalized patients was in January (43), February (21), and April (28); while the highest percentage was in April (20.40%), June (21.42%) and August (31.42%). Peak rainfall in Medan during 1982 was in October, November, and December, i.e. much 322.2 mmm, 366.4 and 382 mm, respectively.
Factors Influencing Empyema in Children Cissy B. Kartasasmita; Oma Rosmayudi; Rita Wahyunarti
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 28 No 1-2 (1988): January - February 1988
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (401.016 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi28.1-2.1988.14-9

Abstract

Incidence of empyema in children at Hasan Sadikin General Hospital is still high, commensurate with the high number of cases of pneumonia. Thirty-seven children with empyema were studied from July 1984 to December 1985; 20 of them were females and 17 males with the age ranging between 5 months and 12 years. Three patients (8.1 %) had loculated fluid as observed on chest roentgenographs; the remainder had empyema sinistra and dextra at 43.2% and 48.6% respectively. More than 50% of the patients were undernourished (56. 7%), 5 of whom were marasmic. On admission, 89.2% complained of dyspnea, 24.3% of cough, 16.2% of high fever and 10.8% of chest pain. All patients suffered from acute respiratory tract injection (ARI) 7 to 30 days before admission, 70.3% of whom did not receive adequate medication and 5 individuals received no treatment at all. Chest tube drainage was performed on 34 patients. In the study, 3 patients died (8.1%) due to sepsis. All recovered patients had pleural thickening on chest roentgenographs on discharge. The role of under nutrition, delay of medication and inadequate treatment of ARI seemed to have an1 influence on empyema in the patients observed.
Treatment of Infantile Spasms with Valproic Acid Taslim S. Soetomenggolo
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 28 No 1-2 (1988): January - February 1988
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (425.228 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi28.1-2.1988.20-6

Abstract

During 2 years (1985- 1986), 12 patients with infantile spasms were treated at the Department of Child Health, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta. The diagnosis of infantile spasms was based on the specific clinical manifestation and the specific EEG pattern. -Head CT Scan was done to look for abnormalities of the brain. Eleven (91.6%) of the 12 patients had suffered from neurological deficit before treatment was started. Eleven patients suffered from developmental retardation one patient suffered from cerebral palsy, and 5 patients had microcephaly. In nine (75%) of the 12 patients, the EEG showed hypsarrhythmia, and in 3 (25%) multi focal spikes were found. All of the 12 patients were treated with the combination of ACTH/dexamethasone and valproic acid. Excellent results were found in 8 (66. 7%) patients, and good in 4 (33.3%). All of the EEG abnormalities disappeared after treatment.
Hereditary Spherocytosis : A Clinical Experience F. X. Santoso; Sukardi Sukardi; Bambang Permono; Netty R. H. T.; S. Untario
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 28 No 1-2 (1988): January - February 1988
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (658.798 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi28.1-2.1988.27-35

Abstract

Although hereditary spherocytosis is a common cause of hemolytic anemia among whites of Northern European descent, it is uncommon in Asia. In the past 8.5 years (from December 1978 to June 1987), we found only six cases of hereditary spherocytosis. They were 3 males and 3 females, and their ages ranged from 3 months to 8 years, with a mean age of 3.3 years. The most common presenting complaint was anemia (6 cases) followed by jaundice (4 cases) and splenomegaly (4 cases). Other symptoms were fever, abdominal pain and hepatomegaly. The mean hemoglobin concentration of these patients was 7.5 g/dl, in which 2 patients had severe anemia (less than 6 g/dl). Reticulocyte count ranged from 1.9% to 10% (mean 5.9%). All patients were found to have spherocytosis in their peripheral blood smears and an increased red blood cell fragility. Splenectomy was performed in one patient. There was no significant complication after operation in a 7-month follow up. The clinical manifestation returned to normal and the mean hemoglobin concentration increased. The existence of hereditary spherocytosis could not be proven in almost all parents of the patients. Based on this fact, is 'congenital spherocytosis' a more suitable term instead of hereditary spherocytosis?
Nosocomial Infection Control in the Children's and Maternity Hospital ''Harapan Kita''. Early Warning System Aliamran Rasjid; H. A. M. Yusuf; Diwyo Soegondo; Leonard Napitupulu
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 28 No 1-2 (1988): January - February 1988
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (754.102 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi28.1-2.1988.36-48

Abstract

In a children's and maternity hospital, where many high risk patients are hospitalized, a comprehensive but cheap surveillance system is of paramount importance for the improvement of hospital administration, formulation of hospital policy on antibiotic use and the nosocomial infection control programmes. The epidemiological data were primarily collected in a comprehensive built-in monitoring and surveillance programmes of this hospital, and had been distributed throughout the hospital periodically. The collected data had been broken down into (1) summary of ten leading infectious cases of hospitalized patient by tentative and final diagnosis; (2) types of culture by ward; (3) number of culture by sex and age group; (4) types of bacteria by ward; and (5) types of bacteria by culture. The classification of wards is indirectly inherent to the social- strata of the patients. For the refinement of information, they were broken down into data on bed-occupancy by ward, and data on hospitalized patients by sex and age groups as well.
Mantoux test results and BCG vaccination status in TB-exposed children Fadilah Harahap; Ridwan M. Daulay; Muhammad Ali; Wisman Dalimunthe; Rini Savitri Daulay
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 55 No 1 (2015): January 2015
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (103.936 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi55.1.2015.7-12

Abstract

Background Tuberculosis (TB) infection is highly prevalent in Indonesia. The source of transmission of TB to a child is usually via an adult with sputum smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis. The Mantoux test is a diagnostic tool for tuberculosis infection. The BCG vaccine has been used for the prevention of TB, but its efficacy is still debated. Objective To assess for an association between Mantoux test results and BCG vaccination in children who had contact with adult pulmonary tuberculosis and to assess for differences in Mantoux test induration with regards to nutritional status, age, type of TB contact, and time duration since BCG vaccination in BCG-vaccinated and BCG-unvaccinated children. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in FebruaryMarch 2011 on infants and children (aged 3 months to five years), who had household contact with adult pulmonary TB. We performed tuberculin (Mantoux) skin tests to detect TB infection in the children. Subjects were consisted of two groups: BCG-vaccinated and BCG-unvaccinated. Results Subjects were 100 children (50 BCG-vaccinated and 50 BCG-unvaccinated subjects). Positive Mantoux test results were observed in 9 vaccinated subjects and 33 unvaccinated subjects. The mean diameters of induration in the vaccinated and unvaccinated groups were 7.6 mm and 9.6 mm, respectively (95%CI of difference -4.25 to 0.20; P=0.074). In children who had household contact with sputum smear-positive adult pulmonary TB, BCG vaccination was a protective factor against TB infection, with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.113 (95%CI 0.045 to 0.286; P=0.0001). There were no significant differences in Mantoux test induration associated with nutritional status, age, type of TB contact, and duration since BCG vaccination, between the two groups. Conclusion BCG vaccination has a protective effect on TBexposed children, based on Mantoux test results. However, there are no differences in Mantoux test induration associated with nutritional status, age, type of TB contact, or duration since BCG vaccination, between the BCG-vaccinated and BCGunvaccinated groups.
Waist circumference, body mass index, and skinfold thickness as potential risk factors for high blood pressure in adolescents Roslina Dewi; rafita ramayati; Nelly Rosdiana; Oke Rina Ramayani; Rosmayanti Siregar; Beatrix Siregar
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 59 No 2 (2019): March 2019
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (265.132 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi59.2.2019.79-86

Abstract

Background The prevalence of hypertension in children and adolescents has increased with the rising obesity epidemic. Recent studies have found that prevalence of hypertension was higher in obese children or adolescents than in the normal weight ones. Anthropometric measurements such as body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and skinfold thickness have been used as criteria to determine obesity in children and adolescents. Increased waist circumference has been most closely related to increased blood pressure. Objective To compare waist circumference, BMI, and skinfold thickness as potential risk factors for hypertension in adolescents. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in May 2014 in three senior high schools in Medan, North Sumatera, and included 253 students with normal urinalysis test. All subjects underwent blood pressure, waist circumference, tricep- and subscapular-skinfold thickness (TST and SST), body weight, and body height measurements. The study population was categorized into underweight, normoweight, overweight, and obese, according to four different criteria: waist circumference, BMI, TST, and SST; all variables were analyzed for possible correlations with systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Results There were significant positive correlations between systolic blood pressure and waist circumference (OR 7.933; 95%CI 2.20 to 28.65; P=0.011) as well as BMI (OR 4.137; 95%CI 1.16 to 14.75; P=0.041). There were also significant correlations between diastolic blood pressure and waist circumference (OR 3.17; 95%CI 1.83 to 5.51; P=0.002), BMI (P=0.0001; OR=3.69), TST (OR 4.73; 95%CI 2.31 to 9.69; P=0.0001), and SST (OR 3.74; 95%CI 2.35 to 5.94; P=0.0001). Multivariate analysis showed that waist circumference was a predictive factor for systolic blood pressure (OR 9.667), but not for diastolic blood pressure. Conclusion Waist circumference is the strongest, significant, predictive factor for elevated systolic blood pressure; meanwhile BMI, SST, and TST could be predictive factors for elevated diastolic blood pressure.

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