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Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research
Published by Creative Pharma Assent
ISSN : -     EISSN : 23480335     DOI : 10.18231
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research (JOAPR) is an official publication of Creative Pharma Assent (CPA). It is an open access, peer review online international journal. JOAPR is primarily focused on multiple discipline of pharmaceutical sciences (Pharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical Technology, Biopharmaceutics, Cosmetic Technology, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Herbal drugs/ formulations, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest) which publish quarterly. JOAPR also includes evaluation of pharmaceutical excipients & their practical application to research & industry based efforts. The aim of the scientific journal, JOAPR is to present a wide area for the current researchers to share their noble works and ideas in terms of the research papers, review articles and short communications. JOAPR only publish the original research works with a definite innovation and novelty after thorough reviewing. The paper must have a suitable and proper scientific background.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 459 Documents
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Naringin a potent antioxidant used as bioavailibility enhancer for terbinafine hydrochloride Singh, Akanksha; Juyal, Divya; Singh, Vikram; Rawat, Geeta
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol 2 No 3 (2014)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

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Abstract

The poor bioavailability of drugs has been identified as the single most important challenge in oral drug delivery. Prominent among the factors responsible for this are the oxidative metabolic activity of the intestinal and hepatic cytochrome P450 enzyme family. Naringin and naringenin which are the major phytochemical component of grapefruit juice, a well-known cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibitor and flavone glycoside, is antioxidant in nature and occurs naturally in the pericarp of citrus fruit, and particularly of grapefruit (Citrus paradisii) where it is the predominant flavonoid found and is responsible for the bitter taste associated with the fruit. CYP3A4 which is a class of CYP – 450 (microsomal enzyme) is responsible for the oxidative metabolic reaction of various substrates which decreases the bioavailability of drug. 
Dendrimers: Novel Carriers For Drug Delivery Chaudhari, Harshada S; Popat, Ritesh R; Adhao, Vaibhav S; Shrikhande, Vinayak N
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol 4 No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

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Abstract

Dendrimers are highly branched, organic compounds with well-defined, symmetrical structure. From chemical point of view they are three-dimensional polymers, characterized by a globular shape. At the end of the arms are terminals, functional groups, which can be easily modified in order to change their chemical and physical properties. Dendrimers have nanoscopic particle size range from 1 to 100 nm. They are ideal drug delivery systems due to their feasible topology, functionality and dimensions, their size is very close to various important biological polymers and assemblies such as DNA and proteins. The structure of dendrimer molecules begins with a central atom or group of atoms labeled as the “core.” From this central structure, branches of other atoms called ‘dendrons.’ The continuous branching results in layers of branch structure called “generations.” Synthesis of dendrimers done by four methods. these are ‘Divergent’ Dendrimer Growth , ‘Convergent’ Dendrimer Growth ,‘Double Exponential’ And ‘Mixed’ Growth ,‘Click’ Synthesis (Hypercores and branched monomers growth). Mechanisms of Drug Loading onto Dendrimer Carriers by Physical Encapsulation of Drug Molecules and Chemical Conjugation of Drug Molecules. The conjugates show increased solubility, decreased systemic toxicity and selective accumulation in solid tumors. Various applications as Pharmaceutical and Non Pharmaceuticals.  Dendrimers  may  have  toxicity  mainly  attributed  to  the interaction  of  the  cationic  dendrimers  surface  with  negative  biological  load  membranes damaging  cellular  membranes  causing  hemolytic  toxicity  and  cytotoxicity also limitation that does not apply where the drug is solublised with dendrimer and then released in the gut for absorption. Some Marketed products of dentrimes are available   named as Starburst, Priostar, Stratus CS, Vivagel, Alert ticket, SuperFect, Taxotere.
Various approaches for targeting colon: a review Raghuvanshi, Neha Singh; Goswami, Laxmi; Kothiyal, Preeti
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol 2 No 2 (2014)
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Abstract

The colonic region of GIT has become an increasingly important site for drug delivery and absorption. This site specific delivery of drug to lower parts of the GIT is advantage for localized treatment of several colonic disease like colon cancer, crohn’s disease, ulceratice colitis, IBD, diarrhea etc. colon targeted drug delivery system (CTDDS) ensure direct treatment at the disease site and avoiding the systemic side effects. It is suitable for absorption site for protein and peptide drugs. Cytochrome P450 3A class of drug metabolizing enzyme, have lower activity in colon.  This review, mainly compares the primary approaches for (CTDDS) Colon targeted Drug Delivery system namely prodrugs, pH and time dependent systems, and microbially triggered systems, which achieved limited success and had limitations as compared with newer CDDS namely pressure controlled colonic delivery capsules, CODESTM, and osmotic controlled drug delivery which are unique in terms of achieving in vivo site specificity, and feasibility of manufacturing process.
A review on mouth dissolving tablet Patil, Harshal Kailash; Patil, G. M.; Jain, V. H.; Tadvi, S. A.; Pawar, S. P.
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol 5 No 2 (2017)
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Abstract

The demand for MDT (Mouth Disintegrating Tablet) has been increasing from the last decade particularly in geriatric, pediatric and patient with some sort of disabilities in swallowing. MDTs are those tablets which when placed in mouth get dissolved rapidly in saliva without the need of liquid and can be swallowed. European pharmacopoeia adopted the term Orodispersible tablet for MDTs. Mouth disintegrating tablets are also known as Fast melting tablets, Orodispersible tablets, fast dissolving/dispersing tablets or melt in mouth tablets. This article reviews the potential benefits offered by MDTs as an oral drug delivery system for various kinds of patients suffering from different diseases and disabilities. Desired characteristics and challenges for developing fast disintegrating drug delivery systems, quality control tests, various techniques used in the preparation of fast disintegrating drug delivery systems like lyophilization technologies, tablet molding method, sublimation techniques, spray drying techniques, mass extrusion technology, direct compression method and uses of super-disintegrates. It also reviews the patented technologies for fast dissolving tablets, advantages and disadvantages of different technologies for preparing fast disintegrating dosage form, future prospective for MDTs. The growing importance for MDTs is due to the potential advantages offered by this technology. MDT is a New Drug Delivery system with least disintegration time and ease of self administration
A review on solid dispersion: a modern formulation approach in drug delivery system Gupta, Dheeraj Kumar; Negi, Ritu; Kala, Shivani; Juyal, Divya; Rawat, Geeta
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol 2 No 4 (2014)
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Abstract

Drugs those are given as solid dosage form and having low solubility often have a lack of flexibility in drug formulation and administration. The dissolution rate could be the rate-limiting process in the absorption of a drug from a solid dosage form of relatively insoluble drugs. Solid dispersion technologies are promising techniques for improving the water solubility, and hence dissolution and bioavailability of hydrophobic drugs. It is done for Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) II Class drugs. Solid dispersion is the dispersion of one or more active ingredients in hydrophilic inert carrier matrix at molecular level. Solid dispersions of poorly water-soluble drugs with water-soluble carriers have been reduced the incidence of these problems and enhanced dissolution. The focus of this review article is on advantages, disadvantages and the method of preparation, and characterization of the solid dispersion. This review also discusses the recent advances in the field of solid dispersion technology.
Dopaminergic agents: back to the basics – A small review Sharma, Neha Rajkumar; Rane, Meenal; Moin, Shaikh Gulam
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol 5 No 4 (2017)
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18231/2348-0335.2017.0008

Abstract

Parkinson’s disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. The motor system is eventually damaged which affects the voluntary movements in a patient. It leads to the death of vital nerve cells in the brain. Women have lesser prevalence due to the hormone called Estrogen which has been playing a significant role in human body. Most of the treatments focus on the balance of Dopamine in the brain which is done with the help of levodopa but the side effects seen in the patients were mild nausea, loss of appetite, heart burn, diarrhea, and many more.  The cause of the disease is still unknown but its occurrence is mainly because of genetic and environmental factors. This review focuses on the combination therapy of levodopa and Carbidopa to treat the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease.
Solubility enhancement of biperidine hcl by complexation with hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin Dubey, Amit; Singh, Vikram; Juyal, Divya; Rawat, Geeta
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol 3 No 2 (2015)
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Abstract

Oral route is the simplest and easiest way of drug administration, because of the greater stability, lesser bulk, and cheap cost of production, accurate dosage and easy process, solid oral dosage forms have several advantages over other dosage forms. All the poor water soluble drugs after oral administrations are not well absorbed and thus leads to decrease in inherent efficiency of drugs. Therefore, for oral drug delivery system the improvement of drug solubility thereby its oral bio-availability is the most important aspect of drug development process. Biperiden HCl is a potent drug (Maximum daily dose is 16mg/day), having extensive first pass metabolism resulting in poor Bioavailability. The pharmacokinetic profile of this drug showed 33±5 % Bioavailability and 18-24 hours elimination half-life (t1/2). In the present study attempt has been made to prepare and characterize inclusion complex of Biperiden HCl with Hydroxypropyl β-Cyclodextrin. The inclusion complexes prepared by different methods i.e. Physical mixture, Kneading and Solvent evaporation methods. The prepared complexes were characterized using FT-IR. The inclusion complex prepared by Kneading method exhibited greatest enhancing in solubility and faster dissolution (93.98% drug release in 60 min) of Biperiden HCl.
Effect of solubilization technique on dissolution Das, Sujoy; Bahadur, Sanjib; Choudhury, Ananta; Saha, Suman
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol 2 No 1 (2014)
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Abstract

More than 40 percent of newly discovered drugs have little or  no water solubility thus the present research aimed at the study of improvement of solublisation on dissolution by addition of different solublising agents and modification of methods. Irbesartan is the drug of choice. Effect of Solubility on dissolution was studied with some solubilizing agents like ?-Cyclodextrins, PEG-6000, Polysorbate-80, Cremophore and Resins (Doshion). It was seen that Irbesartan give 90 percent release in 1hr with polysorbate-80 where cremophore containing tablets showed 97 % release in 1 hr in case of solid dispersion technique and in case of complexation technique respectively. Thus the present study concluded that, dissolution rate of poorly soluble drug can be increases by using solubilizing agent as well as using different techniques.  
A review on the pros and cons of online pharmacies Jain, Vipul Hanskumar; Tadvi, S. A.; Pawar, S. P.
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol 5 No 1 (2017)
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Abstract

Buying medicines online is common practice across the globe these days. This is because buyers are preferring to order for medicines through a click of a button rather than taking a trip to a drug store. Such online websites sell everything from prescription drugs to health related products. Most of such stores are legal outlets that safeguard all traditional procedures related to drug prescription. That is why most buyers are confident about dealing with these stores. But there are quite a few rogue stores that have come up in the recent past over the internet. These stores deal in illegal medications and unapproved drugs, buyers must be aware of such rogue stores. The fact remains that drugs purchased at online drug stores offer high levels of handiness, put forward privacy for the buyer as well as safeguard traditional procedures of prescribing drugs. Thus consumers can use these services with the same confidence as they would have had in the neighbourhood pharmacist. But they must stay away from "rogue sites" that sell unapproved products or sidestep conventional procedures that safeguard the interests of consumers. Additionally, customers have difficulty knowing whether an Internet pharmacy is a legitimate operation.
Nitrite contents in various masticatories prevailing in the state of Assam – a pilot study Bharadwaj, Rituraj; Barooah, Prajjalendra; Saikia, Snigdha; Haloi, Jayanta; Deka, Manab; Sahu, Bhanu P; Medhi, Subhash
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol 5 No 3 (2017)
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18231/2348-0335.2017.0003

Abstract

Background: The habit of using masticatories is quite common among the population of the state Assam. There are numerous types of masticatories available throughout the state, most of which include areca nut in different forms, accompanied with beetle leaves and tobacco leaves and other associated substances added for flavor. Aim: To determine the level of nitrite present in different types of masticatories prevailing in the state.  Materials & Methods: The classical Griess method was used for the estimation of nitrite in different types of these masticatories prevailing in the state Assam (n=35) using the basic diazotization principle and spectrophotometric determination. Statistical Analysis used: The results obtained were analyzed statistically by using SPSS V.16 software. Results: The result of the study indicate the amount of nitrite in different types of these masticatories, among which highest levels of nitrite was found in raw areca nut with beetle leaves without lime. The presence of lime decreases the amount of nitrite (p<0.05) whereas, the presence of beetle leaves and unprocessed areca nut increases the amount of nitrite (p<0.05) in the masticatories used by the people of the state. Conclusion: From the study conducted, it can be concluded that the presence of lime reduces the amount of nitrite in the masticatories, whereas the presence of beetle leaves and unprocessed areca nut contribute higher amount of nitrite in the masticatories.

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