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ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 14124092     EISSN : 24434183     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Social, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Energy Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia is a chemistry journal published by Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia publishes original research articles or review articles in organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, analytical chemistry, physical chemistry, biochemistry, and environmental chemistry.
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Articles 306 Documents
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Triterpenoids from The Bark of Garcinia porecta and their Cytotoxic Activity against MCF7 Breast Cancer Lines Darwati Darwati; Alya Tsamrotul; Tati Herlina; Tri Mayanti; Nurlelasari Nurlelasari; Kansy Haikal; Unang Supratman
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 15, No 1 (2019): March
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.15.1.20262.1-9

Abstract

The Garcinia genus is a well known tropical plant in the Indo-Malesiana region and mainly distributed in tropical countries including Indonesia, Thailand, and Malaysia. Previous phytochemical studies on Garcinia species have led to the identification and isolation of mainly prenylated xanthones. This research describes the isolation and structure elucidation of isolated triterpenoids compounds from the bark of Garcinia porecta. Dried powder bark of G. porecta was extracted with methanol and then partitioned with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol. The n-hexane extract then was separated and purified with chromatography techniques to obtain isolated compounds 1 and 2. The chemical structure of isolated compounds was elucidated by spectroscopic methods including one and two-dimensional NMR as well as high-resolution mass spectrometric analysis and identified as lanosterol (1) dan arabidiol (2), respectively. These triterpenoids were isolated from this plant for the first time. Compound 1 and 2 showed weak cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells with IC50 values of 60.09 dan 46.17 µM, respectively.
Kolagen dari Limbah Tulang Ayam (Gallus gallus domesticus) terhadap Aktivitas Anti Aging secara In Vitro Eka Budiarti; Perlambang Budiarti; Manggar Arum Aristri; Irmanida Batubara
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 15, No 1 (2019): March
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.15.1.23046.44-56

Abstract

Limbah tulang ayam meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan konsumsi ayam. Namun, belum banyak penelitian yang memanfaatkan limbah tulang sebagai sumber kolagen. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh ukuran kolagen terhadap aktivitas anti aging berupa aktivitas antioksidan, antiglikasi, dan inhibitor tirosinase  secara in vitro dan mendapatkan teknik isolasi kolagen anti aging optimum dari tulang ayam. Isolasi kolagen dilakukan dengan variasi  konsentrasi NaOH, yaitu 0,05 M; 0,10 M; dan 0,20 M, dilanjutkan dengan perendaman menggunakan asam asetat 1 M. Kolagen yang diisolasi dengan NaOH 0,10 M merupakan kolagen dengan ukuran partikel, rendemen, dan antiglikasi terbesar (berturut-turut 2,34 µm, 12,59%, 61,06%) dan memiliki spektrum inframerah yang paling sesuai dengan kolagen standar. Kolagen ini kemudian diaduk dengan kecepatan 1000 rpm selama 6 dan 8 jam untuk pengecilan ukuran. Kolagen dengan pengadukan 6 jam mempunyai ukuran partikel lebih kecil (1,34 µm) dibandingkan dengan pengadukan 8 jam (1,80 µm). Kolagen dengan ukuran 1,34 µm menunjukkan aktivitas terbaik yaitu aktivitas antioksidan terhadap 2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) sebesar 24,70% dan inhibitor tirosinase sebesar 26,77%. Berdasarkan aktivitas antioksidan, antiglikasi, dan antitirosinase, kolagen dengan perendaman NaOH 0,10 M dan pengadukan selama 6 jam memiliki sifat anti aging yang paling baik.In Vitro Anti-Aging Activity of Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) Bone Waste Collagen. Chicken bone waste increases with increasing chicken compsumtion. However, study on utilizing chicken bone for collagen source has not been widely explored. This study aims to determine the effect of collagen size on their anti aging activity, and to obtain the optimum condition to produce the chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) collagen in the high yield and the best activity. Collagen isolation was carried out in various NaOH concentrations of 0.05 M, 0.10 M, and 0.20 M, followed by the maceration on acetic acid 1 M. The isolation in NaOH 0.10 M produced the collagen with particle size of 2.34 µm in yield of 12.59% and anti-glycation of 61.06%. The revealed infrared spectrum of the isolated collagen is almost the same with the spectrum of the standart collagen. The collagen in 2.34 µm was further stirred at a 1000 rpm for 6 and 8 hours to reduce the size. Collagen stirred in 6 hours has a smaller particle size (1.34 µm) compared with that of stirred in 8 hours which has a particle size of 1.80 µm. The collagen with size of 1.34 µm showed the best activity, which revealed the antioxidant activity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) of 24.70% and tyrosinase inhibitors of 26.77%. Based on antioxidant activity, anti-glycation, and anti-tyrosinase, the collagen which was isolated in 0.10 M NaOH and was stirred in 6 hours has the best anti-aging property.
Hand Sanitizer Ekstrak Metanol Daun Mangga Arumanis (Mangifera indica L.) Dian Riana Ningsih; Purwati Purwati; Zusfahair Zusfahair; Ahmad Nurdin
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 15, No 1 (2019): March
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (421.042 KB) | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.15.1.21458.10-23

Abstract

Komponen dasar yang terdapat dalam hand sanitizer yaitu senyawaan antibakteri alkohol dan triklosan. Triklosan merupakan zat antibakteri yang paling sering ditambahkan dalam hand sanitizer. Triklosan merupakan zat antibakteri yang paling sering ditambahkan dalam hand sanitizer. Namun, penggunaan triklosan dapat membuat bakteri kebal, mengganggu kerja hormon dan bersifat toksik. Senyawa aktif seperti flavonoid, alkaloid, steroid, polifenol, tanin, dan saponin pada ekstrak daun mangga arumanis (Mangifera indica L.) dapat digunakan sebagai antibakteri pengganti triklosan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasikan ekstrak metanol daun mangga arumanis sebagai gel hand sanitizer dan karakterisasi sediaan tersebut. Karakterisasi sediaan gel hand sanitizer meliputi uji pH, uji daya sebar, konsistensi, homogenitas, dan uji aktivitas. Uji pH diperoleh pH dengan rentang 6,49 – 5,74. Kisaran pH tersebut telah memenuhi ketentuan SNI No. 06-2588. Karakterisasi uji daya sebar memperoleh rentang penyebaran 58,55 – 50,05 mm, dimana telah memenuhi ketentuan SNI No. 06-2588. Namun, pada konsentrasi 0 ppm pada hari ke 15 rentang penyebarannya tidak memenuhi SNI No. 06-2588. Sediaan memiliki konsistensi dalam bentuk gel yang homogen. Gel hand sanitizer ekstrak metanol daun mangga arumanis diuji aktivitasnya terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus pada hari ke 0 dan 15 penyimpanan dengan zona hambat (ϕ) yang diperoleh sebesar 4,36 dan 10,35 mm dengan konsentrasi 5 ppm, dan 4,51 dan 12,12 mm dengan konsentrasi 10 ppm.Hand sanitizer of methanol extract of manggoes leaf (Mangifera indica L). The main components in handsanitizerare antibacterial compounds of alcohol and triclosan. Triclosan is the most commonly added antibacterial agent in the handsanitizer. However, triclosan can make resistant bacteria, hormones disrupt and toxic. Mango leaf extract (Mangifera indica L.) have active compounds such as; flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, polyphenols, tannins, and saponins that can be used as an antibacterial substitute for triclosan.This research formulates mango leaves extract for hand sanitizer followed by its characterization. The characterization includes pH measurement, dispersive power test, consistency, homogeneity, and activity test. The pH measurement obtains that the pH is within 6.49 – 5.74. It complies withIndonesian national standard No. 06-2588 requirement. The dispersive power test found dispersion value around 58.55 – 50.05 mm, which has fulfilled the SNI No. 06-2588 provisions. However, at 0 ppm the dispersive power did not meetthe SNI No. 06-2588. The formula shows a homogeneous gel. Mango leaves extract hand sanitizer gel was tested for activity to Staphylococcus aures during 0 and 15 days of storage, the inhibition zone (ϕ) at 4.36 and 10.35 mm (5 ppm), 4.51 and 12.12 mm (10 ppm).
Metabolite Profiling of Three Curcuma Species (Zingiberaceae) Based on H-NMR Spectroscopy Dinar Sari Cahyaningrum Wahyuni; Mutya Puti Wardianti; Yudi Rinanto; Soerya Dewi Marliyana
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 15, No 1 (2019): March
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.15.1.23914.79-88

Abstract

Genus Curcuma, Zingiberaceae, is a typical medicinal plant in tropical region especially in Indonesia. It has been studied to have antioxidant, antimicrobial, antitumor, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. However, little knowledge of the metabolic profile both primary and secondary metabolites have been reported. Thus, this study aims to investigate metabolic profiling both primary and secondary metabolites simultaneously in the Curcuma species based on proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. The present work applied metabolomic study which measured the qualitative and quantitative characteristic metabolites. The Curcuma species, Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb., Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb., and Curcuma longa L., collected from Nguter, Sukoharjo, Indonesia. Two-dimensional (2D)-NMR techniques were applied to further identify a number of different types of compounds. Multivariate data analysis such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) applied to reveal differences among species. A clear difference occurred among 3 Curcuma species. Primary metabolites responsible for the discrimination are alanine (C. xanthorrhiza Roxb. was 3.78 times higher than in C. longa L), sugars (C. xanthorrhiza Roxb. were 6.03 and 3.81 times higher in C. aeruginosa Roxb. and C. longa L. respectively). Besides, secondary metabolites which differed among 3 species are curcumin (C. xanthorrhiza Roxb. were 38.25 and 25 times higher than in C. aeruginosa Roxb.) and xanthorrhizol (C. longa L. were 62 and 44.4 times higher than in C aeruginosa Roxb.).
Optimalisasi Sifat Reologi Hidrogel Kitosan-Hialuronat yang Ditaut-Silang dengan Glutaraldehida Pajri Samsi Nasution; Muhamad Alif Hamimdal; Gustini Syahbirin; Budi Arifin
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 15, No 1 (2019): March
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (461.927 KB) | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.15.1.22536.24-43

Abstract

Kitosan membentuk hidrogel polikationik dengan penambahan glutaraldehida sebagai penaut-silang. Penambahan hialuronat yang bersifat polianionik diharapkan akan meningkatkan sifat reologis hidrogel tersebut. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi pengaruh konsentrasi glutaraldehida dan hialuronat pada kekuatan gel, titik pecah, dan ketegaran, serta sifat pembengkakan dan pengerutan hidrogel kitosan, dan menentukan konsentrasi optimum keduanya melalui analisis data dengan perangkat lunak Modde 5Ò. Hialuronat meningkatkan kekuatan gel, titik pecah, dan ketegaran hidrogel kitosan pada konsentrasi glutaraldehida yang rendah, tetapi berpengaruh sebaliknya pada konsentrasi glutaraldehida yang tinggi. Sejalan dengan itu, pembengkakan juga menjadi relatif tinggi, sedangkan pengerutan menjadi relatif rendah setelah penambahan hialuronat, tetapi hanya pada konsentrasi glutaraldehida yang rendah. Berdasarkan hasil ini, hialuronat diperkirakan mengisi ruang kosong di antara taut-silang imina yang terbentuk antara glutaraldehida dan kitosan. Pada konsentrasi glutaraldehida yang tinggi, taut-silang ini tidak menyisakan lagi ruang kosong bagi hialuronat. Sebaliknya, air sedikit demi sedikit akan terdesak keluar dari dalam hidrogel dan memicu pengerutan. Komposisi optimum diperoleh pada konsentrasi kitosan 2,0% (b/v), hialuronat 0,3% (v/v) dan glutaraldehida 1,4% (v/v), yang memberikan kekuatan gel, titik pecah, ketegaran, pembengkakan dan pengerutan berturut-turut sebesar 678,4 g cm-2; 1,294 cm; 5,033 g cm-1; 2,634 g dan 0,148 g. Pengukuran sifat reologi hidrogel yang dibuat dengan komposisi optimum tersebut memberikan hasil yang lebih rendah (190,7 g cm-2; 0,767 cm; 1,675 g cm-1) untuk tiga sifat reologi pertama, tetapi lebih tinggi (2,844 g and 0,348 g) untuk dua sifat berikutnya.Optimization of Rheological Property of Chitosan-Hyaluronate Hydrogel Crosslinked by Glutaraldehyde. Chitosan forms a polycationic hydrogel by addition of glutaraldehyde as a crosslinker. The addition of hyaluronate which is polyanionic is expected to improve the rheological properties of the hydrogel. This study evaluated the effects of glutaraldehyde and hyaluronate concentration on the gel strength, breakpoint, and rigidity of the chitosan hydrogel as well as the swelling and shrinking properties. This study determined the optimum concentration of both of glutaraldehyde and hyaluronate by data analysis using Modde 5Ò software. Hyaluronate increased the gel strength, breakpoint, and rigidity at a low glutaraldehyde concentration, but showed the opposite effects at high glutaraldehyde concentration. At a low concentration of glutaraldehyde, relatively high swelling and low shrinking were revealed after hyaluronate addition. From these results, it was suggested that hyaluronate filled the empty spaces between the imine-crosslinks created by glutaraldehyde and chitosan. At high concentration of glutaraldehyde, the crosslinks became so extensive that no more space was left for hyaluronates. Otherwise, water would be squeezed out from the hydrogel and syneresis would happen. The optimum composition was obtained at 2.0% (w/v) chitosan, 0.3% (v/v) hyaluronate and 1.4% (v/v) glutaraldehyde, which achieved the gel strength, breakpoint, rigidity, swelling and shrinking of 678.4 g cm-2, 1.294 cm, 5.033 g cm-1, 2.634 g and 0.148 g, respectively. However, rheological property measurement of hydrogel synthesized by using the optimum composition gave lower results (190.7 g cm-2, 0.767 cm, 1.675 g cm-1) for the first three properties, but higher results (2.844 g and 0.348 g) for the latter two.
Metode Spektrofotometri Secara Tidak Langsung untuk Penentuan Merkuri(II) berdasarkan Pembentukan Kompleks Biru Iodium-Amilum Hermin Sulistyarti; Erwin Sulistyo; Sutrisno Sutrisno; Zuri Rismiarti
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 15, No 1 (2019): March
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.15.1.15036.149-164

Abstract

Metode spektrofotometri secara tidak langsung telah dikembangkan untuk analisis merkuri(II) berdasarkan perbedaan absorbansi kompleks biru amilum-iodium antara larutan sampel yang mengandung ion merkuri(II) dan larutan blanko yang tidak mengandung ion merkuri(II) dalam sistem pereaksi yang berisi iodida, iodat dan amilum. Pada larutan blanko, semua ion iodida (I-) dalam sistem pereaksi dioksidasi oleh iodat menjadi iodium yang dengan adanya amilum membentuk kompleks biru iodium-amilum dan terdeteksi secara spektrofotometri pada 618 nm. Namun, bila sampel mengandung ion merkuri(II), maka sebagian ion iodida akan terikat oleh ion merkuri(II) dan membentuk kompleks tetraiodomerkurat(II), sehingga hanya sisa iodida yang dioksidasi oleh ion iodat menjadi iodium dan membentuk warna biru dengan absorbansi yang lebih rendah dibandingkan absorbansi larutan blanko. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan absorbansi sebanding dengan konsentrasi iodida yang terikat pada ion merkuri(II) sehingga sebanding pula dengan konsentrasi merkuri(II) dalam sampel. Metode yang dikembangkan dioptimasi terhadap beberapa parameter kimia, antara lain konsentrasi larutan iodida, iodat, amilum, dan pH larutan dan pada kondisi optimum memberikan kisaran linier 1 – 9 mg L-1 ion merkuri(II) dengan R2 0,9983, dengan LOD 0,44 mgL-1. Metode ini cukup selektif terhadap ion kobalt(II) dan timbal(II), namun ion tembaga(II) dan perak(I) mengganggu pengukuran. Metode ini telah divalidasi menggunakan metode adisi standar yang diaplikasikan ke dalam sampel limbah pertambangan emas dari Lombok dengan hasil yang memuaskan.Indirect Spectrophotometry for Mercury(II) Determination Based on The Formation of Blue Starch-Iodine Complex. Indirect spectrophotometric method for determining mercury(II) concentration has been successfully developed based on the difference of the absorbance of the blue starch-iodine complex in the absence and in the presence of mercury(II). In the absence of mercury(II), all iodide ions (I-) in the reagent system are oxidized by iodate to iodine, which in the presence of starch formed a clear blue complex of starch-iodine detected spectrophotometrically at 618 nm. However, if mercury presents in the sample, some of the iodide ions are bound to mercury(II) ion forming tetraiodomercurate(II) complex, and thus, only the remaining of iodide is oxidized by iodate to iodine resulting in lower absorbance of the blue color. The results showed that the delta absorbance was proportional to the concentration of iodide bound to mercury and thus proportional to mercury(II) concentration. To achieve the sensitivity, the method was optimized to the main chemical parameters, such as the concentration of iodide, iodine, iodate, starch, and pH solution. Selectivity of the method was also studied by investigating the effect of interfering ions of copper(II), cobalt (II), lead(II), and silver (I). Under these optimum conditions, the method showed linearity measurements from 1 – 9 mg L-1 mercury(II) with correlation (R2) of 0.996. The method was also successfully applied to determine mercury(II) from small-scale gold mining tailing waste from West Lombok, Indonesia and is prospective for analysis of mercury(II) in mining waste.
Penentuan Kandungan Fenolik Total Liquid Volatile Matter dari Pirolisis Kulit Buah Kakao dan Uji Aktivitas Antifungi terhadap Fusarium oxysporum Mashuni Pallawagau; Nur Arfa Yanti; M. Jahiding; La Ode Kadidae; Wahyu Ahwarul Asis; Fitri Handayani Hamid
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 15, No 1 (2019): March
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (321.36 KB) | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.15.1.24678.165-176

Abstract

Kulit buah kakao (KBK) adalah limbah organik dari hasil olahan buah kakao yang dapat digunakan sebagai sumber senyawa aktif. Kulit kakao mengandung senyawa selulosa, hemiselulosa dan lignin yang dapat terdekomposisi menghasilkan senyawa fenolik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kandungan fenolik total atau Total Phenolic Content (TPC) dari liquid volatile matter (LVM) hasil pirolisis KBK dan uji aktivitas antifungi terhadap Fusarium oxysporum. Produksi LVM dihasilkan dari metode pirolisis KBK pada suhu 500 °C. Penentuan TPC dengan metode spektrofotometri UV-Vis menggunakan pereaksi Folin- Ciocalteu (FC) pada panjang gelombang maksimum 765 nm dengan larutan standar asam galat dan diukur setelah dibiarkan selama 60 menit pada suhu kamar. Uji aktivitas antifungi terhadap F. oxysporum dilakukan dengan metode dilusi. LVM dari hasil pirolisis KBK adalah 25,80% (b/b) dengan TPC 100% sebesar 2,28 g/L. Pirolisis KBK menghasilkan LVM yang memperlihatkan aktivitas antifungi dengan konsentrasi hambat minimal (KHM) 1% (v/v) dan konsentrasi bunuh minimal (KBM) 9% (v/v). Oleh karena itu, LVM KBK memiliki potensi untuk diaplikasikan sebagai fungisida alami.Determination of The Total Phenolic Content of Liquid Volatile Matter from Cocoa Pod Husk Pyrolysis and Antifungal Activity Test Against Fusarium oxysporum. The cocoa pod husk (CPH) is an organic waste from the processed cocoa potentially used as source of active compounds. The CPH contains cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin compounds that can be decomposed into phenolic compounds. The present study investigated the determination of total phenolic content (TPC) of liquid volatile matter (LVM) of CPH followed by the antifungal activity test against Fusarium oxysporum. The LVM production was performed by the pyrolysis method at temperature of 500 °C. The determination of TPC was evaluated by the UV-Vis spectrophotometric method using the Folin-Ciocalteu (FC) reagent at maximum wavelength of 765 nm with the standart solution of gallic acid measured after 60 min reaction at room temperature. The antifungal activity test against F. oxysporum was carried out by dilution method. The pyrolysis of CPH produces LVM of 25.80% (b/b) contained TPC 100% of 2.28 g/L. The LVM produced in this study shows antifungal activity with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) 1% (v/v) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) 9% (v/v). Therefore, the LVM CPH produced can be applied as a natural fungicide.
Validasi Metode Penentuan Benzena, Toluena dan Xilena pada Sampel Udara dan Tanah Menggunakan Kromatografi Gas Aman Sentosa Panggabean; Tika Widyastuti; Noor Hindryawati
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 15, No 1 (2019): March
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (398.077 KB) | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.15.1.25522.177-189

Abstract

Penelitian tentang validasi metode penentuan kadar benzena, toluena dan xilena pada sampel udara dan tanah dengan menggunakan kromatografi gas telah dilakukan. Untuk mendapatkan hasil pengukuran yang valid, beberapa parameter penting yang berpengaruh dalam validasi metode telah ditentukan. Beberapa parameter penting yang dilakukan adalah penentuan besaran dasar kromatografi yang meliputi: waktu retensi, kapasitas (k’), faktor selektivitas (α) dan kinerja analitik yang meliputi: penentuan linearitas (r), limit deteksi (LOD), limit kuantitasi (LOQ), presisi dan akurasi. Hasil penelitian penentuan kinerja analitik sangat baik ditunjukkan oleh nilai presisi sebagai % KV < 2/3 nilai KV Horwitz, LOD untuk masing-masing senyawa benzena, toluena dan xilena adalah 0,02 mg/L; 0,59 mg/L dan 0,08 mg/L serta LOQ untuk masing-masing senyawa benzena, toluena dan xilena adalah 0,07 mg/L; 1,99 mg/L dan 0,27 mg/L. Akurasi  metode ini sangat baik ditunjukkan dengan nilai presentase perolehan kembali masing-masing senyawa benzena, toluena dan xilena untuk sampel tanah sebesar 102,61 ± 4,61%; 101,65 ± 7,41%; 102,15 ± 4,15%, dan untuk sampel udara masing-masing senyawa sebesar 101,69 ± 5,77%; 102,08 ± 5,43% dan 98,55 ± 5,11%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, metode kromatografi gas dapat digunakan dalam penentuan benzena, toluena dan xilena pada sampel udara dan tanah dengan memberikan hasil yang valid.Validation Method on The Determination of Benzene, Toluene and Xylene in Air and Soil Samples Using Gas Chromatography. The present study investigated the method for the determination of the content of benzene, toluene, and xylene in air and soil samples using gas chromatography. To obtain a valid measurement result, several important parameters that influence the method validation have been determined. The several important parameters carried out are the determination of the basic chromatographic such as retention time, capacity factor (k'), selectivity (α) and analytical performance measurement includes: the determination of linearity (r), limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), precision and accuracy. The result of analytical performance of the research are well verified, in which the value of precision was % CV < 2/3 CV Horwitz value, LOD for benzene, toluene, and xylene compound were 0.02 mg/L, 0.59 mg/L, 0.08 mg/L, respectively, and LOQ for benzene, toluene and xylene compounds was 0.07 mg/L, 1.99 mg/L and 0.27 mg/L respectively. This method achieved high accuration, indicated by a percentage of recovery value of benzene, toluene, and xylene for soil samples of 102.61 ± 4.61%; 101.65 ± 7.41%; 102.15 ± 4.15%, and for air samples was 101.69 ± 5.77%, 102.08 ± 5.43%, and 98.55 ± 5.11% respectively. Based on the results of this research, the method presented in this study can be applied for the determination of benzene, toluene, and xylene using gas chromatography in air and soil samples with valid results.
Pembuatan Ca-Mg-Al Hydrotalcite-like compound dari Brine Water untuk menjerap Cr(VI) Eddy Heraldy; Edi Pramono; Yohana Gita Aprilliaa
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 15, No 1 (2019): March
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (773.385 KB) | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.15.1.27032.124-137

Abstract

Pembuatan Ca-Mg-Al hydrotalcite-like compound (HTlc) dengan metode kopresipitasi telah dilakukan. Hydrotalcite-like yang terbentuk dikarakterisasi dengan X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), Surface Area Analyzer (SAA) dan digunakan sebagai adsorben Cr(VI). Hasil karakterisasi XRD menunjukkan adanya nilai d 7,54 Å pada sudut 2 theta 11,73º yang merupakan ciri hydrotalcite dengan interlayer karbonat. Hasil ini diperkuat dengan adanya gugus hidroksi pada daerah bilangan gelombang IR sekitar 3441 cm-1 serta gugus karbonat pada 1361 cm-1. Proses adsorpsi Cr(VI) dengan menggunakan Ca-Mg-Al hydrotalcite-like menunjukkan kondisi optimum pada pH 3 dan waktu kontak 20 menit. Kinetika adsoprsi Cr(VI) oleh Ca-Mg-Al hydrotalcite-like cenderung mengikuti persamaan kinetika pseudo second order dan isoterm adsorpsinya mengikuti model isoterm Langmuir. Kapasitas adsorpsi maksimum Cr(VI) menggunakan Ca-Mg-Al hydrotalcite-like lebih besar dibandingkan menggunakan hydrotalcite komersial. Pita spektra FTIR setelah adsorpsi Cr(VI) menunjukkan ion kromium terserap ke dalam Ca-Mg-Al hydrotalcite-like compound.Synthesis of Ca-Mg-Al Hydrotalcite-like compound from Brine Water for Cr(VI) removal. The synthesis of Ca-Mg-Al hydrotalcite-like compound (Htlc) with a coprecipitation method had been done. Hydrotalcite-like product was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infra red (FTIR), surface area analyzer (SAA) and was used as an adsorbent of Cr(VI). The XRD characterization result indicates a value of d 7.54 Å at 2 theta 11.73º, which is a characteristic of hydrotalcite with carbonate interlayer. These results are confirmed by the presence of a hydroxy group at wavenumber of IR around 3441 cm-1 and carbonate groups in the 1361 cm-1. The adsorption of Cr(VI) using the Ca-Mg-Al hydrotalcite-like showed the optimum conditions at pH 3 and 20 minutes contact time. The adsorption kinetic of Cr(VI) by Ca-Mg-Al hydrotalcite-like tends to follow the pseudo second order equation and the adsorption isotherm tends to follow the Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) using the Ca-Mg-Al hydrotalcite-like is greater than that of using commercial hydrotalcite. Morever, the FTIR spectra analyzed after Cr(VI) adsorption indicates that chromium ion was adsorbed into of Ca-Mg-Al hydrotalcite-like compound.
Ion Chromatographic Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Anions and Cations in Firecrackers and Matches Samples as Known Potential Explosives Muhammad Amin; Lee Wah Lim
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 15, No 1 (2019): March
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (980.746 KB) | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.15.1.27570.138-148

Abstract

A reference ion chromatography method based on column switching has been presented for the simultaneous determining anions (Cl−, ClO3−, NO2−, SO42−, and NO3−) and/or cations (NH4+, Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+) using one pump, one type of mobile phase, and one detector. The reference method performed anion-exchange column and cation-exchange column and arranged serially via one 10-port valve. The determination of either anions or cations in one determination system could be made by switching the valve. When the use of 1.25 mM trimellitic acid as a mobile phase and the instrument was operated at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min, five anions and five cations were determined on the anion-exchange column and the cation-exchange column, respectively. All anions target could be determined completely within 55 minutes, whereas the cations target could be determined within 35 minutes. The calculation of limit of detection using S/N=3 was 3.85 − 14.10 µM for anions and 2.95 − 10.58 µM for cations. The relative standard deviations of all ions were less than 3.82%, 3.29%, and 3.21% for retention time, peak area, and peak height, respectively. The reference method was then applied for the simultaneous determining anions and/or cations contained in firecrackers and matches samples as known potentially explosives.

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