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Metabolit sekunder dari Muntingia calabura dan bioaktivitasnya Devi Anggraini Putri; Sri Fatmawati
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 15, No 1 (2019): March
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Muntingia calabura (Muntingiaceae) merupakan Jamaican cherry yang dikenal di Indonesia sebagai Kersen atau Talok. Metabolit sekunder sebagai konstituen kimia telah diisolasi dari daun, batang dan akar M. calabura. Flavonoid merupakan konstituen utama penyusun metabolit sekunder dari tanaman ini. Kelompok flavonoid telah dilaporkan memiliki efek farmakologi yang baik. Beberapa literatur melaporkan bioaktivitas M. calabura sebagai antioksidan, antidiabetes, antimikroba, antikanker, anti-inflamasi dan lain-lain. Review ini bertujuan memberikan fakta ilmiah terkait sinergitas metabolit sekunder dan bioaktivitas M. calabura yang diperlukan untuk penelitian kimia bahan alam lebih lanjut.The secondary metabolites of Muntingia calabura and its bioactivity. Muntingia calabura (Mutingiaceae) was recognized as Jamaican cherry called as Kersen or Talok in Indonesia. The chemical constituents have been isolated from leave, stem and root of M. calabura. The main chemical constituent of the secondary metabolite is flavonoid. The flavonoid group has been reported as a good source in pharmacological aspect. Most of literatures reported that M. calabura has a good bioactivity as an antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and others. This review aims to provide the scientific evidences related to the synergism of secondary metabolites and the bioactivities of M. calabura for further research on natural products.

Studi In Silico Metabolit Sekunder Kapang Monascus sp. sebagai Kandidat Obat Antikolesterol dan Antikanker Marlia Singgih; Benny Permana; Selvira Anandia Intan Maulidya; Anna Yuliana
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 15, No 1 (2019): March
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Kapang Monascus sp. secara tradisional telah digunakan dalam fermentasi beras merah (angkak) yang bermanfaat sebagai pewarna makanan, pengawet makanan maupun obat-obatan. Saat ini, beras angkak telah menjadi suplemen makanan yang terkenal karena banyaknya senyawa bioaktif yang terkandung seperti monakolin, pigmen, asam dimerumat dan lain-lain. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan metabolit sekunder kapang Monascus sp. yang meliputi senyawa monakolin dengan efek antikolesterol, pigmen dengan efek antikanker pada kanker payudara serta memprediksi toksisitas senyawa melalui studi in silico. Senyawa uji terdiri dari 14 senyawa monakolin dan 33 pigmen Monascus sp. Protein HMG KoA (3-hidroksi-3-metilglutaril koenzim A) reduktase digunakan sebagai reseptor antikolesterol sementara estrogen alfa, estrogen beta, dan aromatase digunakan sebagai reseptor antikanker. Perangkat lunak AutoDock digunakan untuk menganalisis kompleks struktural reseptor dengan senyawa uji. Prediksi toksisitas dilakukan menggunakan perangkat lunak ADMET predictor dan QSAR Toolbox. Prediksi toksisitas dan hasil docking menunjukkan bahwa asam monakolin L menunjukkan aktivitas antikolesterol yang baik terhadap HMG KoA reduktase; pigmen monaskin menunjukkan aktivitas antikanker yang selektif terhadap reseptor estrogen beta; dan keduanya diprediksi aman. Prediksi toksisitas senyawa monakolin dan pigmen Monascus sp. menunjukkan terdapat 7 senyawa monakolin yaitu 3-hidroksi-3,5-dihidromonakolin L, asam dihidromonakolin L, monakolin L, asam monakolin J, monakolin J, asam monakolin L , monakolin M, dan 5 pigmen Monascus sp. yaitu ankaflavin, monaskin, monaskopiridin A, monaskopiridin B dan monascuspiloin yang dinyatakan tidak toksik. Tujuh pigmen Monascus sp. yang terdiri dari monankarin A, monankarin B, monankarin C, monankarin D, monankarin E, monankarin F, dan monasfluol A bersifat positif mutagen, karsinogen dan toksik terhadap reproduksi. Hasil penelitian ini berpotensi dapat diaplikasikan untuk desain dan pengembangan obat antikolesterol dan antikanker.In Silico Study of Secondary Metabolites of Monascus sp. as A Candidate for Anticholesterol and Anticancer Drugs. The fungus Monascus sp. has traditionally been used to prepare red fermented rice (angkak) as a natural food colorant, food preservative or medicinal agent. Recently, it has become a popular dietary supplement due to many of its bioactive constituents such as monacolin compounds, pigments, and dimerumic acid, etc. These functional constituents also had been deemed to be provided with various health benefits. This research aims to find secondary metabolites of monacolin compounds with antihypercholesterolemic effect, Monascus sp. pigment with anticancer effect on breast cancer, and predict their toxicity through in silico study. The studied compounds consist of 14 monacolin compounds and 33 Monascus sp. pigments. HMG CoA (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl Coenzyme A) reductase protein was used as antihypercholesterolemic receptor in which estrogen alfa, estrogen beta, and aromatase were used as anticancer receptors. AutoDock docking software was used to analyze structural complexes of the receptors with studied compounds. Toxicity prediction was done using ADMET predictor and QSAR Toolbox softwares. Toxicity prediction and docking results revealed that monacolin L acid exhibits good anticholesterol activity towards HMG CoA reductase; monascin pigment exhibits selective anticancer activity towards estrogen beta receptor; and both of them were predicted to be safe. Toxicity prediction of studied compounds showed that 7 monacolin compounds which are 3-hydroxy-3,5-dihydromonakolin L, dihydromonacolin L acid, monacolin L, monacolin J acid, monacolin J, monacolin L acid, monacolin M and 5 Monascus sp. pigments which are ankaflavin, monascin, monascopyridine A, monascopyridine B dan monascuspiloin are not toxic. Seven Monascus sp. pigments which are monankarin A, monankarin B, monankarin C, monankarin D, monankarin E, monankarin F and monasfluol A are mutagenic, carcinogenic and also reprotoxic. The research results could be useful for the design and development of the anticholesterol and anticancer drugs.

Triterpenoids from The Bark of Garcinia porecta and their Cytotoxic Activity against MCF7 Breast Cancer Lines Darwati Darwati; Alya Tsamrotul; Tati Herlina; Tri Mayanti; Nurlelasari Nurlelasari; Kansy Haikal; Unang Supratman
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 15, No 1 (2019): March
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.15.1.20262.1-9

The Garcinia genus is a well known tropical plant in the Indo-Malesiana region and mainly distributed in tropical countries including Indonesia, Thailand, and Malaysia. Previous phytochemical studies on Garcinia species have led to the identification and isolation of mainly prenylated xanthones. This research describes the isolation and structure elucidation of isolated triterpenoids compounds from the bark of Garcinia porecta. Dried powder bark of G. porecta was extracted with methanol and then partitioned with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol. The n-hexane extract then was separated and purified with chromatography techniques to obtain isolated compounds 1 and 2. The chemical structure of isolated compounds was elucidated by spectroscopic methods including one and two-dimensional NMR as well as high-resolution mass spectrometric analysis and identified as lanosterol (1) dan arabidiol (2), respectively. These triterpenoids were isolated from this plant for the first time. Compound 1 and 2 showed weak cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells with IC50 values of 60.09 dan 46.17 µM, respectively.

Kolagen dari Limbah Tulang Ayam (Gallus gallus domesticus) terhadap Aktivitas Anti Aging secara In Vitro Eka Budiarti; Perlambang Budiarti; Manggar Arum Aristri; Irmanida Batubara
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 15, No 1 (2019): March
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.15.1.23046.44-56

Limbah tulang ayam meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan konsumsi ayam. Namun, belum banyak penelitian yang memanfaatkan limbah tulang sebagai sumber kolagen. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh ukuran kolagen terhadap aktivitas anti aging berupa aktivitas antioksidan, antiglikasi, dan inhibitor tirosinase secara in vitro dan mendapatkan teknik isolasi kolagen anti aging optimum dari tulang ayam. Isolasi kolagen dilakukan dengan variasi konsentrasi NaOH, yaitu 0,05 M; 0,10 M; dan 0,20 M, dilanjutkan dengan perendaman menggunakan asam asetat 1 M. Kolagen yang diisolasi dengan NaOH 0,10 M merupakan kolagen dengan ukuran partikel, rendemen, dan antiglikasi terbesar (berturut-turut 2,34 µm, 12,59%, 61,06%) dan memiliki spektrum inframerah yang paling sesuai dengan kolagen standar. Kolagen ini kemudian diaduk dengan kecepatan 1000 rpm selama 6 dan 8 jam untuk pengecilan ukuran. Kolagen dengan pengadukan 6 jam mempunyai ukuran partikel lebih kecil (1,34 µm) dibandingkan dengan pengadukan 8 jam (1,80 µm). Kolagen dengan ukuran 1,34 µm menunjukkan aktivitas terbaik yaitu aktivitas antioksidan terhadap 2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) sebesar 24,70% dan inhibitor tirosinase sebesar 26,77%. Berdasarkan aktivitas antioksidan, antiglikasi, dan antitirosinase, kolagen dengan perendaman NaOH 0,10 M dan pengadukan selama 6 jam memiliki sifat anti aging yang paling baik.In Vitro Anti-Aging Activity of Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) Bone Waste Collagen. Chicken bone waste increases with increasing chicken compsumtion. However, study on utilizing chicken bone for collagen source has not been widely explored. This study aims to determine the effect of collagen size on their anti aging activity, and to obtain the optimum condition to produce the chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) collagen in the high yield and the best activity. Collagen isolation was carried out in various NaOH concentrations of 0.05 M, 0.10 M, and 0.20 M, followed by the maceration on acetic acid 1 M. The isolation in NaOH 0.10 M produced the collagen with particle size of 2.34 µm in yield of 12.59% and anti-glycation of 61.06%. The revealed infrared spectrum of the isolated collagen is almost the same with the spectrum of the standart collagen. The collagen in 2.34 µm was further stirred at a 1000 rpm for 6 and 8 hours to reduce the size. Collagen stirred in 6 hours has a smaller particle size (1.34 µm) compared with that of stirred in 8 hours which has a particle size of 1.80 µm. The collagen with size of 1.34 µm showed the best activity, which revealed the antioxidant activity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) of 24.70% and tyrosinase inhibitors of 26.77%. Based on antioxidant activity, anti-glycation, and anti-tyrosinase, the collagen which was isolated in 0.10 M NaOH and was stirred in 6 hours has the best anti-aging property.

Hand Sanitizer Ekstrak Metanol Daun Mangga Arumanis (Mangifera indica L.) Dian Riana Ningsih; Purwati Purwati; Zusfahair Zusfahair; Ahmad Nurdin
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 15, No 1 (2019): March
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Komponen dasar yang terdapat dalam hand sanitizer yaitu senyawaan antibakteri alkohol dan triklosan. Triklosan merupakan zat antibakteri yang paling sering ditambahkan dalam hand sanitizer. Triklosan merupakan zat antibakteri yang paling sering ditambahkan dalam hand sanitizer. Namun, penggunaan triklosan dapat membuat bakteri kebal, mengganggu kerja hormon dan bersifat toksik. Senyawa aktif seperti flavonoid, alkaloid, steroid, polifenol, tanin, dan saponin pada ekstrak daun mangga arumanis (Mangifera indica L.) dapat digunakan sebagai antibakteri pengganti triklosan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasikan ekstrak metanol daun mangga arumanis sebagai gel hand sanitizer dan karakterisasi sediaan tersebut. Karakterisasi sediaan gel hand sanitizer meliputi uji pH, uji daya sebar, konsistensi, homogenitas, dan uji aktivitas. Uji pH diperoleh pH dengan rentang 6,49 – 5,74. Kisaran pH tersebut telah memenuhi ketentuan SNI No. 06-2588. Karakterisasi uji daya sebar memperoleh rentang penyebaran 58,55 – 50,05 mm, dimana telah memenuhi ketentuan SNI No. 06-2588. Namun, pada konsentrasi 0 ppm pada hari ke 15 rentang penyebarannya tidak memenuhi SNI No. 06-2588. Sediaan memiliki konsistensi dalam bentuk gel yang homogen. Gel hand sanitizer ekstrak metanol daun mangga arumanis diuji aktivitasnya terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus pada hari ke 0 dan 15 penyimpanan dengan zona hambat (ϕ) yang diperoleh sebesar 4,36 dan 10,35 mm dengan konsentrasi 5 ppm, dan 4,51 dan 12,12 mm dengan konsentrasi 10 ppm.Hand sanitizer of methanol extract of manggoes leaf (Mangifera indica L). The main components in handsanitizerare antibacterial compounds of alcohol and triclosan. Triclosan is the most commonly added antibacterial agent in the handsanitizer. However, triclosan can make resistant bacteria, hormones disrupt and toxic. Mango leaf extract (Mangifera indica L.) have active compounds such as; flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, polyphenols, tannins, and saponins that can be used as an antibacterial substitute for triclosan.This research formulates mango leaves extract for hand sanitizer followed by its characterization. The characterization includes pH measurement, dispersive power test, consistency, homogeneity, and activity test. The pH measurement obtains that the pH is within 6.49 – 5.74. It complies withIndonesian national standard No. 06-2588 requirement. The dispersive power test found dispersion value around 58.55 – 50.05 mm, which has fulfilled the SNI No. 06-2588 provisions. However, at 0 ppm the dispersive power did not meetthe SNI No. 06-2588. The formula shows a homogeneous gel. Mango leaves extract hand sanitizer gel was tested for activity to Staphylococcus aures during 0 and 15 days of storage, the inhibition zone (ϕ) at 4.36 and 10.35 mm (5 ppm), 4.51 and 12.12 mm (10 ppm).

Metabolite Profiling of Three Curcuma Species (Zingiberaceae) Based on H-NMR Spectroscopy Dinar Sari Cahyaningrum Wahyuni; Mutya Puti Wardianti; Yudi Rinanto; Soerya Dewi Marliyana
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 15, No 1 (2019): March
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.15.1.23914.79-88

Genus Curcuma, Zingiberaceae, is a typical medicinal plant in tropical region especially in Indonesia. It has been studied to have antioxidant, antimicrobial, antitumor, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. However, little knowledge of the metabolic profile both primary and secondary metabolites have been reported. Thus, this study aims to investigate metabolic profiling both primary and secondary metabolites simultaneously in the Curcuma species based on proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. The present work applied metabolomic study which measured the qualitative and quantitative characteristic metabolites. The Curcuma species, Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb., Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb., and Curcuma longa L., collected from Nguter, Sukoharjo, Indonesia. Two-dimensional (2D)-NMR techniques were applied to further identify a number of different types of compounds. Multivariate data analysis such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) applied to reveal differences among species. A clear difference occurred among 3 Curcuma species. Primary metabolites responsible for the discrimination are alanine (C. xanthorrhiza Roxb. was 3.78 times higher than in C. longa L), sugars (C. xanthorrhiza Roxb. were 6.03 and 3.81 times higher in C. aeruginosa Roxb. and C. longa L. respectively). Besides, secondary metabolites which differed among 3 species are curcumin (C. xanthorrhiza Roxb. were 38.25 and 25 times higher than in C. aeruginosa Roxb.) and xanthorrhizol (C. longa L. were 62 and 44.4 times higher than in C aeruginosa Roxb.).

Optimalisasi Sifat Reologi Hidrogel Kitosan-Hialuronat yang Ditaut-Silang dengan Glutaraldehida Pajri Samsi Nasution; Muhamad Alif Hamimdal; Gustini Syahbirin; Budi Arifin
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 15, No 1 (2019): March
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Kitosan membentuk hidrogel polikationik dengan penambahan glutaraldehida sebagai penaut-silang. Penambahan hialuronat yang bersifat polianionik diharapkan akan meningkatkan sifat reologis hidrogel tersebut. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi pengaruh konsentrasi glutaraldehida dan hialuronat pada kekuatan gel, titik pecah, dan ketegaran, serta sifat pembengkakan dan pengerutan hidrogel kitosan, dan menentukan konsentrasi optimum keduanya melalui analisis data dengan perangkat lunak Modde 5Ò. Hialuronat meningkatkan kekuatan gel, titik pecah, dan ketegaran hidrogel kitosan pada konsentrasi glutaraldehida yang rendah, tetapi berpengaruh sebaliknya pada konsentrasi glutaraldehida yang tinggi. Sejalan dengan itu, pembengkakan juga menjadi relatif tinggi, sedangkan pengerutan menjadi relatif rendah setelah penambahan hialuronat, tetapi hanya pada konsentrasi glutaraldehida yang rendah. Berdasarkan hasil ini, hialuronat diperkirakan mengisi ruang kosong di antara taut-silang imina yang terbentuk antara glutaraldehida dan kitosan. Pada konsentrasi glutaraldehida yang tinggi, taut-silang ini tidak menyisakan lagi ruang kosong bagi hialuronat. Sebaliknya, air sedikit demi sedikit akan terdesak keluar dari dalam hidrogel dan memicu pengerutan. Komposisi optimum diperoleh pada konsentrasi kitosan 2,0% (b/v), hialuronat 0,3% (v/v) dan glutaraldehida 1,4% (v/v), yang memberikan kekuatan gel, titik pecah, ketegaran, pembengkakan dan pengerutan berturut-turut sebesar 678,4 g cm-2; 1,294 cm; 5,033 g cm-1; 2,634 g dan 0,148 g. Pengukuran sifat reologi hidrogel yang dibuat dengan komposisi optimum tersebut memberikan hasil yang lebih rendah (190,7 g cm-2; 0,767 cm; 1,675 g cm-1) untuk tiga sifat reologi pertama, tetapi lebih tinggi (2,844 g and 0,348 g) untuk dua sifat berikutnya.Optimization of Rheological Property of Chitosan-Hyaluronate Hydrogel Crosslinked by Glutaraldehyde. Chitosan forms a polycationic hydrogel by addition of glutaraldehyde as a crosslinker. The addition of hyaluronate which is polyanionic is expected to improve the rheological properties of the hydrogel. This study evaluated the effects of glutaraldehyde and hyaluronate concentration on the gel strength, breakpoint, and rigidity of the chitosan hydrogel as well as the swelling and shrinking properties. This study determined the optimum concentration of both of glutaraldehyde and hyaluronate by data analysis using Modde 5Ò software. Hyaluronate increased the gel strength, breakpoint, and rigidity at a low glutaraldehyde concentration, but showed the opposite effects at high glutaraldehyde concentration. At a low concentration of glutaraldehyde, relatively high swelling and low shrinking were revealed after hyaluronate addition. From these results, it was suggested that hyaluronate filled the empty spaces between the imine-crosslinks created by glutaraldehyde and chitosan. At high concentration of glutaraldehyde, the crosslinks became so extensive that no more space was left for hyaluronates. Otherwise, water would be squeezed out from the hydrogel and syneresis would happen. The optimum composition was obtained at 2.0% (w/v) chitosan, 0.3% (v/v) hyaluronate and 1.4% (v/v) glutaraldehyde, which achieved the gel strength, breakpoint, rigidity, swelling and shrinking of 678.4 g cm-2, 1.294 cm, 5.033 g cm-1, 2.634 g and 0.148 g, respectively. However, rheological property measurement of hydrogel synthesized by using the optimum composition gave lower results (190.7 g cm-2, 0.767 cm, 1.675 g cm-1) for the first three properties, but higher results (2.844 g and 0.348 g) for the latter two.

Metode Spektrofotometri Secara Tidak Langsung untuk Penentuan Merkuri(II) berdasarkan Pembentukan Kompleks Biru Iodium-Amilum Hermin Sulistyarti; Erwin Sulistyo; Sutrisno Sutrisno; Zuri Rismiarti
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 15, No 1 (2019): March
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.15.1.15036.149-164

Metode spektrofotometri secara tidak langsung telah dikembangkan untuk analisis merkuri(II) berdasarkan perbedaan absorbansi kompleks biru amilum-iodium antara larutan sampel yang mengandung ion merkuri(II) dan larutan blanko yang tidak mengandung ion merkuri(II) dalam sistem pereaksi yang berisi iodida, iodat dan amilum. Pada larutan blanko, semua ion iodida (I-) dalam sistem pereaksi dioksidasi oleh iodat menjadi iodium yang dengan adanya amilum membentuk kompleks biru iodium-amilum dan terdeteksi secara spektrofotometri pada 618 nm. Namun, bila sampel mengandung ion merkuri(II), maka sebagian ion iodida akan terikat oleh ion merkuri(II) dan membentuk kompleks tetraiodomerkurat(II), sehingga hanya sisa iodida yang dioksidasi oleh ion iodat menjadi iodium dan membentuk warna biru dengan absorbansi yang lebih rendah dibandingkan absorbansi larutan blanko. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan absorbansi sebanding dengan konsentrasi iodida yang terikat pada ion merkuri(II) sehingga sebanding pula dengan konsentrasi merkuri(II) dalam sampel. Metode yang dikembangkan dioptimasi terhadap beberapa parameter kimia, antara lain konsentrasi larutan iodida, iodat, amilum, dan pH larutan dan pada kondisi optimum memberikan kisaran linier 1 – 9 mg L-1 ion merkuri(II) dengan R2 0,9983, dengan LOD 0,44 mgL-1. Metode ini cukup selektif terhadap ion kobalt(II) dan timbal(II), namun ion tembaga(II) dan perak(I) mengganggu pengukuran. Metode ini telah divalidasi menggunakan metode adisi standar yang diaplikasikan ke dalam sampel limbah pertambangan emas dari Lombok dengan hasil yang memuaskan.Indirect Spectrophotometry for Mercury(II) Determination Based on The Formation of Blue Starch-Iodine Complex. Indirect spectrophotometric method for determining mercury(II) concentration has been successfully developed based on the difference of the absorbance of the blue starch-iodine complex in the absence and in the presence of mercury(II). In the absence of mercury(II), all iodide ions (I-) in the reagent system are oxidized by iodate to iodine, which in the presence of starch formed a clear blue complex of starch-iodine detected spectrophotometrically at 618 nm. However, if mercury presents in the sample, some of the iodide ions are bound to mercury(II) ion forming tetraiodomercurate(II) complex, and thus, only the remaining of iodide is oxidized by iodate to iodine resulting in lower absorbance of the blue color. The results showed that the delta absorbance was proportional to the concentration of iodide bound to mercury and thus proportional to mercury(II) concentration. To achieve the sensitivity, the method was optimized to the main chemical parameters, such as the concentration of iodide, iodine, iodate, starch, and pH solution. Selectivity of the method was also studied by investigating the effect of interfering ions of copper(II), cobalt (II), lead(II), and silver (I). Under these optimum conditions, the method showed linearity measurements from 1 – 9 mg L-1 mercury(II) with correlation (R2) of 0.996. The method was also successfully applied to determine mercury(II) from small-scale gold mining tailing waste from West Lombok, Indonesia and is prospective for analysis of mercury(II) in mining waste.

Penentuan Kandungan Fenolik Total Liquid Volatile Matter dari Pirolisis Kulit Buah Kakao dan Uji Aktivitas Antifungi terhadap Fusarium oxysporum Mashuni Pallawagau; Nur Arfa Yanti; M. Jahiding; La Ode Kadidae; Wahyu Ahwarul Asis; Fitri Handayani Hamid
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 15, No 1 (2019): March
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Kulit buah kakao (KBK) adalah limbah organik dari hasil olahan buah kakao yang dapat digunakan sebagai sumber senyawa aktif. Kulit kakao mengandung senyawa selulosa, hemiselulosa dan lignin yang dapat terdekomposisi menghasilkan senyawa fenolik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kandungan fenolik total atau Total Phenolic Content (TPC) dari liquid volatile matter (LVM) hasil pirolisis KBK dan uji aktivitas antifungi terhadap Fusarium oxysporum. Produksi LVM dihasilkan dari metode pirolisis KBK pada suhu 500 °C. Penentuan TPC dengan metode spektrofotometri UV-Vis menggunakan pereaksi Folin- Ciocalteu (FC) pada panjang gelombang maksimum 765 nm dengan larutan standar asam galat dan diukur setelah dibiarkan selama 60 menit pada suhu kamar. Uji aktivitas antifungi terhadap F. oxysporum dilakukan dengan metode dilusi. LVM dari hasil pirolisis KBK adalah 25,80% (b/b) dengan TPC 100% sebesar 2,28 g/L. Pirolisis KBK menghasilkan LVM yang memperlihatkan aktivitas antifungi dengan konsentrasi hambat minimal (KHM) 1% (v/v) dan konsentrasi bunuh minimal (KBM) 9% (v/v). Oleh karena itu, LVM KBK memiliki potensi untuk diaplikasikan sebagai fungisida alami.Determination of The Total Phenolic Content of Liquid Volatile Matter from Cocoa Pod Husk Pyrolysis and Antifungal Activity Test Against Fusarium oxysporum. The cocoa pod husk (CPH) is an organic waste from the processed cocoa potentially used as source of active compounds. The CPH contains cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin compounds that can be decomposed into phenolic compounds. The present study investigated the determination of total phenolic content (TPC) of liquid volatile matter (LVM) of CPH followed by the antifungal activity test against Fusarium oxysporum. The LVM production was performed by the pyrolysis method at temperature of 500 °C. The determination of TPC was evaluated by the UV-Vis spectrophotometric method using the Folin-Ciocalteu (FC) reagent at maximum wavelength of 765 nm with the standart solution of gallic acid measured after 60 min reaction at room temperature. The antifungal activity test against F. oxysporum was carried out by dilution method. The pyrolysis of CPH produces LVM of 25.80% (b/b) contained TPC 100% of 2.28 g/L. The LVM produced in this study shows antifungal activity with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) 1% (v/v) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) 9% (v/v). Therefore, the LVM CPH produced can be applied as a natural fungicide.

Validasi Metode Penentuan Benzena, Toluena dan Xilena pada Sampel Udara dan Tanah Menggunakan Kromatografi Gas Aman Sentosa Panggabean; Tika Widyastuti; Noor Hindryawati
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 15, No 1 (2019): March
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Penelitian tentang validasi metode penentuan kadar benzena, toluena dan xilena pada sampel udara dan tanah dengan menggunakan kromatografi gas telah dilakukan. Untuk mendapatkan hasil pengukuran yang valid, beberapa parameter penting yang berpengaruh dalam validasi metode telah ditentukan. Beberapa parameter penting yang dilakukan adalah penentuan besaran dasar kromatografi yang meliputi: waktu retensi, kapasitas (kâ€™), faktor selektivitas (Î±) dan kinerja analitik yang meliputi: penentuan linearitas (r), limit deteksi (LOD), limit kuantitasi (LOQ), presisi dan akurasi. Hasil penelitian penentuan kinerja analitik sangat baik ditunjukkan oleh nilai presisi sebagai % KV < 2/3 nilai KV Horwitz, LOD untuk masing-masing senyawa benzena, toluena dan xilena adalah 0,02 mg/L; 0,59 mg/L dan 0,08 mg/L serta LOQ untuk masing-masing senyawa benzena, toluena dan xilena adalah 0,07 mg/L; 1,99 mg/L dan 0,27 mg/L. AkurasiÂ metode ini sangat baik ditunjukkan dengan nilai presentase perolehan kembali masing-masing senyawa benzena, toluena dan xilena untuk sampel tanah sebesar 102,61 Â± 4,61%; 101,65 Â± 7,41%; 102,15 Â± 4,15%, dan untuk sampel udara masing-masing senyawa sebesar 101,69 Â± 5,77%; 102,08 Â± 5,43% dan 98,55 Â± 5,11%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, metode kromatografi gas dapat digunakan dalam penentuan benzena, toluena dan xilena pada sampel udara dan tanah dengan memberikan hasil yang valid.Validation Method on The Determination of Benzene, Toluene and Xylene in Air and Soil Samples Using Gas Chromatography. The present study investigated the method for the determination of the content of benzene, toluene, and xylene in air and soil samples using gas chromatography. To obtain a valid measurement result, several important parameters that influence the method validation have been determined. The several important parameters carried out are the determination of the basic chromatographic such as retention time, capacity factor (k'), selectivity (Î±) and analytical performance measurement includes: the determination of linearity (r), limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), precision and accuracy. The result of analytical performance of the research are well verified, in which the value of precision was % CV < 2/3 CV Horwitz value, LOD for benzene, toluene, and xylene compound were 0.02 mg/L, 0.59 mg/L, 0.08 mg/L, respectively, and LOQ for benzene, toluene and xylene compounds was 0.07 mg/L, 1.99 mg/L and 0.27 mg/L respectively. This method achieved high accuration, indicated by a percentage of recovery value of benzene, toluene, and xylene for soil samples of 102.61 Â± 4.61%; 101.65 Â± 7.41%; 102.15 Â± 4.15%, and for air samples was 101.69 Â± 5.77%, 102.08 Â± 5.43%, and 98.55 Â± 5.11% respectively. Based on the results of this research, the method presented in this study can be applied for the determination of benzene, toluene, and xylene using gas chromatography in air and soil samples with valid results.

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M. Widyo Wartono

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Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name M. Widyo Wartono

Contact Email widyo@mipa.uns.ac.id

Phone -

Journal Mail Official alchemymipauns@gmail.com

Editorial Address -

Location Kota surakarta, Jawa tengah INDONESIA

Abstract

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Contact Name
M. Widyo Wartono

Contact Email
widyo@mipa.uns.ac.id

Phone
-

Journal Mail Official
alchemymipauns@gmail.com

Editorial Address
-

Location
Kota surakarta,

Jawa tengah

INDONESIA