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ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia

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Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret

ISSN : 14124092 EISSN : 24434183 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Social, Engineering,

Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Energy Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology

ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia is a chemistry journal published by Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia publishes original research articles or review articles in organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, analytical chemistry, physical chemistry, biochemistry, and environmental chemistry.

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Articles 281 Documents

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THE INFLUENCE OF COATING MATERIAL DIFFERENCE AGAINST ENCAPSULATION EFFICIENCY OF RED GINGER OLEORESIN Jayanudin Jayanudin; Rochmadi Rochmadi; M. Kemal Renaldi; Pangihutan Pangihutan
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 13, No 2 (2017): September
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different coating materials on the efficiency of red ginger oleoresin encapsulation and characterization of microcapsule surface. The encapsulation process begins by dissolving chitosan with 1 % (v/v) acetic acid and dissolving sodium alginate using aquadest to be used as a coating material. Red ginger oleoresin alginate included in the solution was stirred. The mixture entered into the chitosan solution and added tween 80 was stirred using a homogenizer to emulsify. The emulsion that forms included in the spray dryer to be converted into a powder of microcapsules, and then analyzes the encapsulation efficiency and surface morphology of microcapsules using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Differences in the coating material used were chitosan, mixture of chitosan-alginate and mixture of chitosan-alginate-sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP). Weight ratio of red ginger oleoresin and the coating material were 1: 1, 1: 2 and 1: 3. The research results obtained were the highest encapsulation efficiency obtained from the coating material of the chitosan-alginate-sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) at a ratio of 1: 3, namely by 85 %.

Komposit Polianilina/Kitosan/Perak Nanowires Sebagai Elektrokatalis Reaksi Evolusi Hidrogen dalam Medium Netral Fadli Fakhrullah; Purwantiningsih Sugita; Mohammad Khotib; Takeno Akiyoshi; Shinya Takahashi
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 15, No 2 (2019): September
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Studi mengenai elektrokatalis untuk reaksi evolusi hidrogen (HER) dan evolusi oksigen (OER) sangat diperlukan terkait aplikasinya dalam pengembangan energi terbarukan berbasis hidrogen. Komposit perak nanowires (AgNWs) dengan polianilina (PANI) disiapkan dengan metode polimerisasi radikal dalam larutan matriks kitosan untuk menurunkan ukuran partikel PANI. Komposit disintesis dengan 3 perlakuan yang berbeda, yaitu perlakuan suhu ruang, suhu rendah, dan sonikasi. Aktivitas elektrokatalisis diukur dengan voltammetri sapuan linear (LSV). Informasi tentang densitas arus pertukaran dan overpotensial sebagai variabel utama pengukuran aktivitas elektrokatalisis diperoleh dari plot Tafel pada LSV. Semua komposit dengan perlakuan suhu dan sonikasi menunjukkan karakter katodik berdasarkan nilai overpotensialnya yang negatif (aktivitas HER), sedangkan komposit dengan perlakuan suhu rendah memiliki karakter anodik (aktivitas OER).A Composite of Polyaniline/Chitosan/Silver Nanowires as Hydrogen Evolution Electrocatalyst in Neutral Medium. Study on electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is urgently needed related to its application in hydrogen-based renewable energy development. A composite of silver nanowires (AgNWs) with polyaniline (PANI) was prepared by radical polymerization method in chitosan matrix solution to reduce the PANI particle size. Each composite was synthesized under three different treatment conditions, which are room temperature, low temperature, and sonication. Linear sweeping voltammetry (LSV) was conducted to measure electrocatalytic activity of the composites. Information about exchange current density and overpotential as important variables in this field were obtained from Tafel plot in the LSV. The temperature and sonication-treated composites have cathodic character due to its negative overpotential (HER activity), while low temperature-treated composites have anodic character (OER activity).

Uji Efektivitas dan Karakterisasi Komposit Tanah Andisol/Arang Tempurung Kelapa Untuk Adsorpsi Logam Berat Besi (Fe) Pranoto, Pranoto; Martini, Tri; Maharditya, Winda
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 16, No 1 (2020): March
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kapasitas adsorpsi komposit tanah andisol/arang tempurung kelapa sebagai adsorben logam berat besi (Fe) berdasarkan pada kondisi komposisi, pH dan waktu kontak yang optimum. Tanah andisol diaktivasi dengan larutan NaOH 3 M dan arang tempurung kelapa diaktivasi menggunakan larutan HCl 4 M. Komposit tanah andisol/arang tempurung kelapa dibuat dengan mencampurkan tanah andisol dan arang tempurung kelapa pada variasi komposisi 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 dan 0:100 (b/b) Uji adsorpsi terhadap logam besi (Fe) dilakukan pada variasi pH larutan 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 dan 6 serta waktu kontak 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, dan 60 menit dengan sistem batch. Pengukuran konsentrasi akhir pada saat kesetimbangan dilakukan dengan menggunakan Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Hasil karakterisasi adanya proses aktivasi dan pengompositan ditunjukkan pada spektra Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) yang mengalami pergeseran bilangan gelombang. Karakterisasi pola difraksi X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) yang menunjukkan adanya puncak baru. Hasil analisis Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) komposit menunjukkan bahwa permukaan adsorben telah ditutupi logam besi (Fe). Pembentukan komposit juga menunjukkan adanya peningkatan luas permukaan dan nilai keasaman komposit. Berdasarkan penelitian ini diperoleh bahwa proses adsorpsi terjadi pada kondisi optimum komposisi komposit tanah andisol/arang tempurung kelapa 75:25 (b/b), pH larutan besi (Fe) 5 dan waktu kontak selama 30 menit dengan kapasitas adsorpsi sebesar 0,54 mg/g dan presentase adsorpsi 91,57%. Isoterm adsorpsi mengikuti isoterm Freundlich dengan nilai R2 sebesar 0,9456.Effectiveness Test and Characterization of Andisol Soil/Coconut Shell Charcoal for Adsorption of Iron (Fe). This research aims to determine the adsorption capacity composite of andisol soil and coconut shell charcoal as the adsorbent of iron (Fe) metal based on the composition condition, pH, and optimum contact time. Andisol soil was activated with NaOH 3 M solution, and coconut shell charcoal was activated with HCl 4 M solution. The composites were made under various composition of andisol soil/coconut shell charcoal of 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100 (w/w). The adsorption test was done on the pH variation of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and used the contact time variation of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50 and 60 minutes in a batch method. The concentration analysis of iron (Fe) metal was done by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The characterization result of the activation process can be shown on the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra with the shifting peak. Characterization of X-ray diffraction (XRD) diffractogram showed the emergence of a new peak in andisol soil and coconut shell charcoal. The result of scanning electron microscope (SEM) characterization analysis showed that the surface of the adsorbent was covered in iron. The composite formation also showed an increase in surface area and composite acidity value. Based on the result of the research, it can be concluded that the adsorption process happens in the optimum condition in andisol soil/coconut shell charcoal composition of 75:25 (w/w), pH solution iron (Fe) metal of 5 and contact time of 30 minutes. The adsorption capacity was 0.54 mg/g and 91.57% for adsorption percentage. The isotherm adsorption followed Freundlich isotherm with R2 values 0.9456.

Sintesis Komposit Hidroksiapatit-Lantanum Oksida (HA-La2O3) dengan Metode Hidrotermal secara In-Situ dan Ex-Situ Hutabarat, Geofanny S; Qodir, Dzikri T; Setiawan, Hendri; Akbar, Nur; Noviyanti, Atiek Rostika
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 15, No 2 (2019): September
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Hidroksiapatit (HA) Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 merupakan senyawa kalsium yang digunakan pada bidang ortopedi dan periodontal karena mineral ini merupakan penyusun utama dalam jaringan tulang dan gigi. Untuk dapat digunakan sebagai graft tulang dan tambal gigi, perlu dilakukan pengaturan kemurninan, kristalinitas dan ukurannya baik sebagai senyawa tunggal (HA) atau kompositnya. Pengaturan tersebut dapat dilakukan melalui proses sintesisnya. Pada penelitian ini HA disintesis dari CaO yang diisolasi dari cangkang telur ayam dengan metode kalsinasi pada suhu 1000 °C selama 5 jam, kemudian ditambahkan diammonium hidrogenfosfat. Sintesis komposit HA-La2O3 dilakukan dengan dua metode hidrotermal dengan dua cara berbeda, yaitu secara in-situ dan ex-situ. Pada sintesis HA dengan metode in-situ dilakukan pencampuran bahan dalam satu tahap yaitu CaO, diammonium hidrogenfosfat dan 5% b/b lantanum oksida dengan perbandingan mol Ca/P=1,67 secara hidrotermal pada 230 °C selama 48 jam. Sintesis HA dengan metode ex-situ dilakukan dengan dua tahap yaitu mencampur CaO dan diammonium hidrogenfosfat untuk membentuk HA. Setelah HA terbentuk kemudian dilakukan sintesis komposit dengan penambahan lantanum oksida. Komposisi bahan dan kondisi reaksi metode ex-situ dilakukan dengan cara yang sama seperti metode in-situ. Hasil XRD dan FTIR menunjukkan terbentuknya komposit HA-La2O3 dari kedua metode yang dilakukan. Namun kemurnian, kristalinitas dan ukuran komposit menunjukan hasil yang berbeda. Karakteristik komposit yang dihasilkan dari metode in-situ lebih baik dibandingkan dengan metode ex-situ.

Optimasi Metode Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) untuk Menentukan Kadar Flavonoid Total Alga Coklat Padina australis Bina Lohita Sari; Triastinurmiatiningsih Triastinurmiatiningsih; Tri Saptari Haryani
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 16, No 1 (2020): March
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.16.1.34186.38-49

Metode Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) digunakan untuk mengekstraksi senyawa flavonoid dari simplisia alga coklat Padina australis. Sampel diperoleh dari Pantai Bayah, Banten Indonesia. Kondisi optimal ekstraksi ditentukan dengan Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Desain Box-Behnken (BBD) digunakan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh 3 faktor dengan 3 level yaitu daya microwave (300, 450, 600 watt), konsentrasi etanol (30, 50, 70%), dan waktu ekstraksi (7, 8 dan 9 menit) dengan 15 perlakuan yang berbeda. Hasil disain eksperimen dengan BBD menunjukkan kondisi ekstraksi optimum yaitu pada daya microwave 414 watt, konsentrasi etanol 50,33% dan waktu ekstraksi 7,89 menit menghasilkan kadar prediksi flavonoid sebesar nilai 0,2963%. Nilai ini mendekati nilai kadar flavonoid yang diperoleh secara eksperimental sebesar 0,2961%, pada kondisi menggunakan daya microwave sebesar 450 watt, konsentrasi etanol 50% dengan lama ekstraksi 8 menit. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, kadar flavonoid total dapat meningkat secara signifikan dengan melakukan optimasi proses MAE menggunakan RSM.Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction for Total Flavonoid Content of Padina australis Brown Algae. Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) was done to extraction flavonoid from Padina australis brown algae simplicial. The sample collected from Bayah coastal waters, Banten Indonesia. Optimum extraction condition was determined by the response surface methodology (RSM). The Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to evaluate the influence of 3 factors with 3 levels extraction that is microwave power (300, 450, 600 watts), ethanol concentration (30, 50, 70%), and extraction time (7, 8 and 9 minutes) with 15 different runs. The research showed that optimum extraction condition was at 414 watts of microwave power, 50.33% ethanol concentration, and time extraction of 7.89 minutes yielded a predicted value of total flavonoid content of 0.2963%. This value approaches to the flavonoid content obtained experimentally at 0.2961% under condition of 450 watts microwave power, 50% ethanol concentration, and time extraction of 8 minutes. Based on the result, total flavonoid content can be significantly increased by optimizing the MAE process use RSM.

Modifikasi Zeolit Alam Ende dengan Garam Logam serta Potensinya Sebagai Katalis Transformasi Glukosa Menjadi 5-Hidroksimetilfurfural (HMF) Dessy Dwi Septian; Sri Sugiarti
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 15, No 2 (2019): September
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.15.2.28180.203-218

Ketersediaan biomassa yang melimpah berpotensi menjadi bahan baku dalam pembuatan bahan bakar atau senyawa kimia lain. Salah satu senyawa penyusun biomassa, yaitu glukosa, berpotensi diubah menjadi berbagai senyawaan kimia melalui pembentukan senyawa antara furan. Senyawa furan yang menjadi sasaran pada penelitian ini ialah 5-hidroksimetilfurfural (HMF) yang juga memerlukan katalis dalam proses pembentukkannya dari glukosa. Katalis yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah katalis heterogen dari zeolit alam Ende yang mengemban lima jenis ion logam dengan konsentrasi 1 − 3% (b/v). Pengembanan logam dilakukan untuk melihat perbedaan aktivitas katalitik zeolit dengan dan tanpa ion logam, dan sebagai model pemanfaatan zeolit alam yang telah difungsikan sebagai adsorben logam. Pengembanan logam dilakukan dengan metode pertukaran ion sebagai representasi dari proses adsorpsi. Transformasi glukosa menjadi HMF dilakukan menggunakan metode hidrotermal pada suhu 180 °C dalam pelarut aseton:air (2:1) (v/v) dengan perbandingan substrat:katalis 15:1 (b/b). Zeolit alam Ende dalam bentuk asam dapat membantu transformasi glukosa dengan rendemen HMF 24,86%, sementara logam Cr saja menghasilkan rendemen 44,37%. Zeolit yang diembankan logam Cr menghasilkan rendemen 32,78%, dan semakin banyak logam yang diembankan dalam zeolit menunjukkan penurunan aktivitas katalitiknya. Rendemen HMF tertinggi ditunjukkan pada penggunaan katalis Mn-zeolit dan Ni-zeolit dengan rendemen berturut-turut 35,17% dan 38,68%.

Batch Injection Potentiometry Asam Aspartat, Asam Glutamat dan Arginin Menggunakan Elektroda Tungsten Oksida Yeni Maulidah Muflihah; Heny Masruroh; Zulfikar Zulfikar
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 10, No 1 (2014): March
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

The presence of aspartic acid, glutamic acid and arginine in solution can be detected by potentiometric method using tungsten oxide electrode in a batch system. Characterization of tungsten oxide electrode used include linear range, limit of detection, sensitivity and reproducibility. Buffer type and concentration effect also studied to optimize the measurement results. Optimum conditions for detecting arginine was at pH 6.0 with a phosphate buffer concentration of 0.5 x 10-3 M. Correlation coefficient was obtained for 0.9864, the detection limit of 5.24 x 10-6 M, sensitivity 16.1 mV/decade with reproducibility 0 –7 %. Glutamic acid has a correlation coefficient of 0.9789, the detection limit of 3.80 x 10-6 M, the sensitivity of 9.2 mV/decade and reproducibility of 0 – 6 %. Aspartic acid has a correlation coefficient of 0.9949, the detection limit of 7.76 x 10-6 M, sensitivity of 13.4 mV/decade and reproducibility of 0 – 5 %.

Senyawa Hidrazone dari Vanilin-DNPH Sebagai Sensor Kolorimetri Anion Sianida S Suharman; Siti Utari Rahayu
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 16, No 1 (2020): March
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Senyawa hidrazon (E)-4-((2-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)hydrazineylidene)methyl)-2-methoxyphenol telah disintesis dari vanilin dan 2,4-dinitrofenilhidrazin (DNPH). Uji sensor anion dilakukan dengan menambahkan anion F-, Cl-, Br-, I-, CN-, SO42-, CO32-, CH3COO- dan H2PO4- dalam pelarut asetonitril. Uji limit deteksi reseptor (E)-4-((2-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)hydrazineylidene)methyl)-2-methoxyphenol terhadap anion sianida dilakukan dalam pelarut asetonitril. Hasil uji sensor anion menunjukan bahwa reseptor selektif terhadap anion sianida dengan menghasilkan perubahan warna dari kuning ke merah. Hasil analisa dengan spektrofotometer UV-Vis reseptor memberikan perubahan panjang gelombang dari 395 nm menjadi 472 nm pada penambahan anion sianida. Reseptor (E)-4-((2-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)hydrazineylidene)methyl)-2-methoxyphenol dapat mendeteksi anion CN- dengan limit deteksi sebesar 7 mM. A Hydrazone Compound from Vanillin-DNPH as Colorimetric Sensor of Cyanide Anion. A hydrazone compound (E)-4-((2-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)hydrazineylidene)methyl)-2-methoxyphenol has been synthesized from vanillin and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH). The anion sensor study were done by adding Br-, CN-, F-, SO42-, Cl-, I- , CO32-, CH3COO- and H2PO4- anion in acetonitrile solvent. The detection limit study of receptor E)-4-((2-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)hydrazineylidene)methyl)-2-methoxyphenol for cyanide anion was carried out in acetonitrile. The result of anion sensor study shows that the receptor was selective to cyanide anion by providing change of color from yellow to red. The analysis result using spectrophotometer ultraviolet-visible of the receptor provided change of maximum wavelength from 395 nm to 472 nm when the cyanide anion was added. Receptor (E)-4-((2-(2,4-dinitrophenyl) hydrazineylidene)methyl)-2-methoxyphenol can detect CN- with limit of detection 7 mM.

Aktivitas Antibakteri TiO2-Anatas Terdadah -Vanadium dan -Kromium Hari Sutrisno; Ariswan Ariswan; Dyah Purwaningsih
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 12, No 2 (2016): September
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Samples of vanadium- and -chromium doped TiO2-anatas have been conducted antibacterial activity against the bacteria Escherichia coli (E. Coli). The minimum kill concentration (MBC) against the bacteria of E. Coli is determined by liquid dilution method. The antibacterial activity test of 0; 2.3; 3.3; 4.9% wt. vanadium doped TiO2-anatas and 0; 1.1; 3.9; 4.4% wt. chromium doped TiO2-anatas have been performed against bacteria of E. Coli in the absence of light (dark). The test results indicate that the presence of 3.3 and 4.9 in %wt. vanadium-TiO2-anatas are able to inhibit the growth of bacteria E. Coli, contrary all chromium doped TiO2-anatas are not able to inhibit the growth of bacteria of E. Coli.

EXPLORATION OF BROTH CHICKEN GUT AS GROWTH MEDIA OF Escherichia coli BL21 pET-Endo FOR ENDO-Β-1,4-D-XYLANASE PRODUCTION Anak Agung Istri Ratnadewi; Moch. Yoris Alidion; Agung Budi Santoso; Ika Oktavianawatia
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 13, No 2 (2017): September
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.13.2.4356.191-204

Endo-β-1,4-D-xylanase is a hydrolytic enzyme that breakdown the 1.4 chain of xylan polysaccharide. We have succes to transform the plasmid pET-Endo gene encoding endo-1,4-β-D-xylanase from Bacillus sp. originally from termites abdominal to E. coli BL21. The clone was ready for large scale of enzyme production. To reduce production cost, we look for subtitute media for the expensive Luria Berthani broth. Chicken guts broth is good alternative while rich of protein and very cheap. The content of N dissolved chicken guts broth reaches 87 % of LB broth. Growth of E. Coli BL21 in Chicken guts broth and LB broth (as control) was observed by Optical Density (OD) using spectrofotometer. Concentration of glucose added in broth and incubation temperature was varied. The result showed that optimal growth was in addition of 1.5 % glucose and incubated at 37 oC for 16 h. This optimal condition was used to grow E. coli BL21 pET-Endo for xylanase production. Enzyme purification was done by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. Highest protein yield was 0.076 mg/mL obtained in 100 mM imidazole elucidation. The activity and specific activity of xylanase were estimated as 0.042 U/mL and 0.556 U/µg, respectively. The purification factor was 3.16 time and the molecular weight of enzyme was ± 30, 000 Dalton

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