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INDONESIA
Jurnal Biologi Tropis
Published by Universitas Mataram
ISSN : 14119587     EISSN : 25497863     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology
Jurnal Biologi Tropis (ISSN Cetak 1411-9587 dan ISSN Online 2549-7863) diterbitkan mulai tahun 2000 dengan frekuensi 2 kali setahun oleh Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi PMIPA FKIP Universitas Mataram, berisi hasil penelitian dan ulasan Ilmiah dalam bidang Biologi Sains.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 2,949 Documents
 274   275   276   277   278 
Effect of Snakehead Fish Albumin Extract Supplementation on SGOT and SGPT Levels in Tuberculosis Patients Alfia Andriyani; Jusak Nugraha; Retno Indrawati; Theresia Budhy S; Nurul Hidayah; Mariana Asmaningdiah; Inas Hasna Azizah; Ahmad Hidayat
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 2 (2026): April - Juni
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11851

Abstract

Long-term use of OAT in tuberculosis patients carries a high risk of triggering drug-induced liver damage characterized by a spike in serum transaminase enzyme levels SGOT and SGPT. This study aims to determine the effect of snakehead fish extract therapy on SGOT and SGPT levels in TB patients undergoing intensive phase treatment. This study is quasi-experimental study with a randomized controlled trial design post-test only control group design.  The research population was TB patients at the Sidotopo Community Health Center, Surabaya, who were selected using a random sampling technique purposive sampling until 20 respondents were obtained. Respondents were systematically divided into two groups, control group (OAT therapy) and treatment group (OAT therapy accompanied by supplementation of 500 mg albumin extract capsules). Comparative data analysis between groups was conducted using Independent Sample T-test. The results of the statistical analysis showed that the average SGOT level in intensive phase patients was 21.95 U/L and the average SGPT level was 19.65 U/L, where both valuesremained within normal clinical limits. The inter-group comparison hypothesis test produced a value p-value for SGOT levels of 0.907 and the value p-value for SGPT levels of 0.346. These data indicate no significant difference in the fluctuation of SGOT or SGPT levels between control and treatment groups. Supplementation with snakehead fish albumin extract did not show a significant difference in effect on SGOT and SGPT levels, but was proven to be able to maintain a stable and normal liver transaminase enzyme profile during intensive phase of OAT treatment.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer: Mechanisms and Herbal Prevention Potential Wibisono Hasanul Muhtaram; Mira Nupila Rahma; Ashila Sallama Nur Fadlila; Indri Tiffani; Lalu Abdul Mubarak; Retno Dwi Utami; Baiq Mayada Isqie; Florentcia Davina Gunawan; Made Prajnana Adhi Parasikan Susana; Nensy Dwi Astika; Pande Komang Inten Widya Iswara Oka; Kurniati Kurniati
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 3 (2026): Juli - September
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i3.11899

Abstract

Colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer has continued to increase, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), particularly chronic hyperglycemia, has been proposed as one of its contributing risk factors. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of herbal compounds as complementary approaches targeting molecular pathways linking T2DM and colorectal cancer. A systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines using PubMed and ScienceDirect. Original articles published between 2021 and 2026, written in English, available in full text, and investigating single herbal compounds or plant extracts in colorectal cancer models were included. The reviewed studies demonstrated that several herbal compounds, including glycyrrhizin, freeze-dried jaboticaba peel, Osmanthus fragrans extract, Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide, Corallocarpus glomeruliflorus extract, galangin, dictamnine, silymarin, Portulaca oleracea extract, and curcumin, modulated key molecular pathways involved in colorectal carcinogenesis, particularly NF-κB, MAPK, Wnt/β-catenin, and YAP/TAZ signaling. Although these preclinical findings suggest potential complementary roles for herbal bioactive compounds in colorectal cancer prevention, further translational studies and well-designed clinical trials are required to confirm their efficacy and safety in individuals with T2DM.
Immune Pathogenesis and Risk Factors Associated with Leprosy (Hansen's Disease) Alfira Safitri; Ni Luh Putu Eka Widya Ananta Putri
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 3 (2026): Juli - September
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i3.11904

Abstract

Leprosy (Hansen’s disease) is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae and remains a significant public health problem in many endemic countries, including Indonesia. This study aimed to review the immune pathogenesis and associated risk factors of leprosy based on recent scientific evidence. A narrative literature review was conducted using articles retrieved from PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and World Health Organization (WHO) databases, published between 2015 and 2025. The literature search applied predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, and study selection was performed through title, abstract, and full-text screening. A total of 4,791 records were identified from all databases, and 31 articles were included in the final analysis. The selected literature was synthesized using a descriptive approach. The clinical spectrum of leprosy is determined by the interaction between M. leprae and the host immune response. Tuberculoid leprosy is associated with a dominant T helper 1 (Th1) response characterized by increased interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) production and enhanced macrophage activation, while lepromatous leprosy is associated with a T helper 2 (Th2)-dominant response characterized by elevated interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-5 (IL-5), and interleukin-10 (IL-10), leading to ineffective bacterial clearance. Emerging evidence also highlights the roles of T helper 17 (Th17) and regulatory T (Treg) cells in immune modulation and disease progression. In addition, host and environmental factors such as age, sex, history of contact, housing conditions, personal hygiene, and Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination status contribute to susceptibility and transmission.
Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) Producing Escherichia coli in the Intestinal Flora of Pet Cats Marshanda Venda Dora Putri Aziz; Kuntaman Kuntaman; Masfufatun Masfufatun
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 2 (2026): April - Juni
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i3.11906

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a serious global health issue, affecting both humans and pets. Cats, which frequently interact closely with humans, can serve as reservoirs of resistant Escherichia coli. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in the intestinal flora of pet cats in Balongbendo, Sidoarjo, applying a One Health approach to explore the transmission interface between animals, humans, and the environment.A descriptive observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted. A total of 50 fecal samples were collected by simple random sampling from pet cats in RW 01, Desa Jabaran, Sidoarjo (January–February 2025). Samples were incubated on MacConkey agar enriched with 4 µg/mL cefotaxime for screening ESBL, and confirmation was conducted utilizing the Double Disk Synergy Test (DDST). Prevalence was determined as the ratio of positive isolates to the overall total . The results showed that 20 of 50 samples (40%) were positive for ESBL-producing Escherichia coli. The highest prevalence was found in Area 1 (60%), which was characterized by poor sanitation and high population density. This indicates widespread ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in domestic animals and underscores the risk of cross-transmission to humans. Therefore, educating animal owners, monitoring antibiotics, and ensuring environmental sanitation are crucial for preventing cross-transmission to humans.
Physiological Response of Mentik Wangi Rice (Oryza sativa L.) to Zinc oxide Nanoparticles Under Drought Stress Abdul Zaki; Yovi Avianto; Henra Henra; Rina Puji Lestari
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 3 (2026): Juli - September
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i3.11910

Abstract

Mentik wangi rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a local aromatic Indonesian variety known for its superior grain quality but susceptible to drought Stress. 2Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) have been widely investigated as nano-fertilizers to improve plant physiological performance under abiotic stress; however, information regarding their effects on the local aromatic rice cultivar Mentik Wangi remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the physiological responses of Mentik Wangi rice to ZnO-NPs application under drought stress and to identify the most effective ZnO-NPs concentration for each physiological parameter. The experiment was arranged in a factorial Completely Randomized Design with two water regimes (50% and 100% field capacity) and six ZnO-NPs concentrations (0, 0.75, 1.50, 2.25, 3.00, and 3.75 ppm). Data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test at the 5% significance level. Under drought stress, ZnO-NPs at 2.25 ppm produced the highest photosynthetic rate (0.79 µmol CO₂ m⁻² s⁻¹) and improved membrane stability index, whereas 1.50 ppm resulted in the lowest transpiration rate (0.016 mmol H₂O m⁻² s⁻¹) and the highest proline accumulation. Chlorophyll content also increased under normal conditions following the application of 2.25 ppm ZnO-NPs. In contrast, ZnO-NPs did not significantly affect ascorbic acid content or relative water content. These findings indicate that the physiological response of Mentik Wangi rice to ZnO-NPs depends on the parameter evaluated, with 2.25 ppm and 1.50 ppm producing the most favorable responses for different physiological traits under the conditions of this study.
Effects of Nano Fern Extract (Diplazium esculentum) and Humic Acid on Chlorophyll Content of Soybean (Glycine max) Tita Nopiyanti; Zozy Aneloi Noli; M. Idris
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 3 (2026): Juli - September
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i3.11918

Abstract

As the population continues to increase, the demand for soybeans in Indonesia is rising, necessitating effective strategies to enhance soybean growth and production. One such strategy is the use of biostimulants, including nano-fern extract and humic acid. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of nano-fern extract and humic acid, as well as their interaction, on the chlorophyll content and flowering time of soybeans. The experiment was conducted using a Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors and six replications. Factor A (fern extract) consisted of a control, 100 mg/L of crude fern extract, and nano-fern extract at concentrations of 50, 100, and 150 mg/L. Factor B (humic acid) consisted of a control, 1200 mg/L, and 2500 mg/L. The results showed that the application of nano-fern extract at 150 mg/L and humic acid at 2500 mg/L resulted in higher chlorophyll content than other treatments.
Distribution of Megabenthos Associated with Seagrass Meadows at Batu Jimbar Beach, Sanur, Denpasar, Bali Muji Wasis Indriyawan; I Gusti Ngurah Agung Dhananjaya; Constantein Petta; Edwin Jefri
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 2 (2026): April - Juni
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11940

Abstract

Seagrass meadows are important coastal ecosystems that provide habitat, feeding grounds, and nursery areas for a wide range of marine organisms, particularly benthic taxa such as Mollusca, Arthropoda, Echinodermata, and Annelida. Batu Jimbar Beach, located in the eastern part of Denpasar, Bali, supports relatively extensive seagrass coverage. Despite its ecological importance, information on the spatial distribution of megabenthos associated with seagrass meadows in this area remains limited. This study aimed to assess the spatial distribution of megabenthos associated with seagrass meadows at Batu Jimbar Beach, Sanur, Denpasar, Bali. Seagrass coverage was estimated using remote sensing (Sentinel-2B imagery with water column correction) and megabenthos data were collected via quadrat transect method. A total seagrass area of 94.31 ha was recorded; the community comprised 28 genera from five phyla. Synapta was the most widely distributed genus, found at 11 of 13 stations. Seagrass meadows at Batu Jimbar Beach support a relatively diverse megabenthic community with heterogeneous spatial distribution patterns influenced by seagrass coverage and substrate variability. These findings provide baseline data essential for the management and conservation of coastal ecosystems in Bali.
Antioxidant Activity and Nanoemulsion Formulation of Chlorella vulgaris Ethanolic Extract for Potential Topical Applications Eskarani Tri Pratiwi; Windah Anugrah Subaidah; Neneng Rachmalia Izzatul Mukhlishah; Baiq Dwiyan Nugrahani; Muhammad Dimas Arzy
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 3 (2026): Juli - September
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i3.11959

Abstract

Chlorella vulgaris is a marine microalga abundant in West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) that contains flavonoids and other bioactive compounds exhibiting potent antioxidant activity. Antioxidant compounds can be utilized in skin maintenance. This research investigated the antioxidant activity of C. vulgaris ethanolic extract while developing a nanoemulsion formulation intended for topical application. Biomass was processed into simplisia and extracted by maceration using ethanol 96%. Phytochemical identification and total flavonoid content were determined using TLC and aluminum chloride methods. Antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH radical scavenging assay and expressed as IC₅₀ values. The extract was subsequently formulated into nanoemulsions using virgin coconut oil, Tween 80, and Span 80, followed by physical characterization. The extraction process produced a C. vulgaris extract yield of 7.14% (w/w). TLC analysis confirmed the presence of flavonoids, and the TFC of the extract was 89,31 ± 0,03 mg QE/g extract. Strong antioxidant activity was demonstrated by the ethanolic extract, with an IC₅₀ of 52.869 ppm. The nanoemulsion formulation containing 1% extract exhibited a green color, characteristic odor, clear appearance, with a pH value of 6,96, viscosity of 990 cPs, a transmittance value of 89,8%, particle size of 16,5 nm, and polydispersity index 0,294, indicating the formation of a nanosized dispersion with moderate particle size distribution. Overall, Nanoemulsion delivery enhances C. vulgaris antioxidant performance, supporting its potential application in skin maintenance and cosmeceutical products.
Effectiveness of Growing Media on the Growth of Stem Cuttings of Ficus benjamina in Ketapang, West Kalimantan Eti Artiningsih Octaviani; Oktarina Maulidia; Muhammad Reza; Vilda Puji Dini Anita; Robithotul Huda; Septian Faris Al-Amin
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 2 (2026): April - Juni
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11979

Abstract

Peat swamp forests in Indonesia face significant pressure due to ecosystem degradation. One example is in Ketapang Regency, West Kalimantan. Restoration efforts are needed to restore ecosystem function,  including revegetation with Ficus benjamina, which is adaptive to peatland conditions. The  restoration success rate is expected to improve with the use of. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of different growing media on the growth performance of F. benjamina stem cuttings. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 planting media treatments (P0–P4) and 8 replications. Parameters included plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, and changes in soil chemical properties (pH and organic carbon), with supporting data of temperature, humidity, and rainfall as environmental factors. The results showed that planting media treatments significantly affected the vegetative growth of F. benjamina. Treatment P4 (peat + rice husk charcoal + compost) produced the best growth with an average height of 14.60 cm, stem diameter of 2.33 mm, and number of leaves of 8, compared to the control (P0) with a height of 11.25 cm, diameter of 1.11 mm, and 6 leaves. Furthermore, soil pH increased from acidic (4.6–5.0) to neutral (6.5–6.7). These results indicate that  combining planting media with organic matter effectively improves soil chemical properties and supports the growth of F.benjamina, thus offering potential for application in peatland restoration.
The Association Between Comorbidities and Severity of Dengue Among Adults in Lombok Khairifathiyyah Khairifathiyyah; Indah Sapta Wardani; Philip Habib; Dewi Suryani
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 2 (2026): April - Juni
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11995

Abstract

Dengue remains a major public health concern in Indonesia, particularly in Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara, where evidence on the association between comorbidities and dengue severity is limited. This study aimed to assess the relationship between comorbidities and dengue severity among adults in Lombok. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using medical records of adult dengue patients treated at West Nusa Tenggara Province General Hospital between 2023 and 2024. Fisher’s exact test was used for statistical analysis. A total of 154 patients were included, comprising 66 patients with comorbidities and 88 without comorbidities. Gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary diseases were the predominant organ-system comorbidity category, while pneumonia and type 2 diabetes mellitus were the most common individual comorbidities. No significant association was found between comorbidities and dengue severity (p > 0.05). However, the findings should be interpreted cautiously due to unequal distribution of severity categories and limited number of dengue shock syndrome cases. In conclusion, no significant association was observed between comorbidities and dengue severity among adult patients in Lombok. Future multicenter studies with larger and more balanced samples are needed to investigate determinants of dengue severity. Additional clinical, immunological, and virological factors should be evaluated to improve risk stratification and patient management.

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