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INDONESIA
Jurnal Biologi Tropis
Published by Universitas Mataram
ISSN : 14119587     EISSN : 25497863     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology
Jurnal Biologi Tropis (ISSN Cetak 1411-9587 dan ISSN Online 2549-7863) diterbitkan mulai tahun 2000 dengan frekuensi 2 kali setahun oleh Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi PMIPA FKIP Universitas Mataram, berisi hasil penelitian dan ulasan Ilmiah dalam bidang Biologi Sains.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 2,949 Documents
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Dose-Dependent Effects of Dietary Sargassum Extract on Growth and Feed Utilization of Juvenile Koi Carp Amanda Ratu Valisha; Abdul Syukur; Nunik Cokroawati
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 3 (2026): Juli - September
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i3.12986

Abstract

Koi (Cyprinus carpio) are a freshwater ornamental fish with high economic value, thus requiring feed that can support growth and efficient nutrient utilization. The purpose of this study was to examine how adding seaweed extract from Sargassum sp. to food affected the growth and survival of koi. Using a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments and three duplicates, the trial was carried out over a 30-day period. P0 (no Sargassum sp. extract applied), P1 (50 mL/kg of feed), P2 (100 mL/kg of feed), and P3 (150 mL/kg of feed) were the treatments. Survival rate, absolute length growth, absolute weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed use efficiency (EPP), feed proximate composition, and water quality were among the factors noted. ANOVA at a 95% confidence level was used to evaluate the data, and where significant differences were discovered, Duncan's test was used. The findings demonstrated that while the addition of Sargassum sp. extract had no influence on survival rate, it had a substantial impact on absolute length growth, absolute weight growth, FCR, and EPP (P < 0.05). The greatest absolute weight increase of 62.00 g, the greatest absolute length growth of 15.17 cm, the lowest FCR of 1.09, and the highest EPP of 90.75% were all achieved by treatment P3. Nevertheless, additional testing revealed no discernible differences between P2 and P3. In every treatment group, the fish's survival rate was 100%. Therefore, the development and feed consumption efficiency of koi fish were ideally enhanced by the addition of Sargassum sp. extract at a concentration of 100 mL/kg of feed.
Comparison of the Antibacterial Effectiveness of Kersen Leaf Extract and Cassava Leaf Extract Against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus: A Literature Review Muhammad Rofif Albukhori; Dia Septiani; Hilmah Ayu Mardhiyya
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 3 (2026): Juli - September
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i3.13009

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli are among the most common bacterial pathogens responsible for various infectious diseases, prompting the search for alternative antibacterial agents from medicinal plants. Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and cherry (Muntingia calabura L.) leaves contain bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, tannins, and saponins, that exhibit antibacterial properties. This study aimed to compare the antibacterial effectiveness of cassava and cherry leaf extracts against S. aureus and E. coli through a systematic literature review. Articles were retrieved from the Google Scholar and PubMed databases following predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of the 1,072 records identified, 12 eligible studies were included in the final synthesis. The reviewed studies consistently demonstrated that both plant extracts inhibited the growth of S. aureus and E. coli. However, cherry leaf extract generally exhibited stronger and more consistent antibacterial activity than cassava leaf extract, both as crude extracts and in topical formulations. The superior activity of cherry leaves was associated with their higher abundance of antibacterial phytochemicals and broader inhibitory spectrum. These findings suggest that cherry leaf extract has greater potential as a natural antibacterial agent, although further in vivo studies and clinical evaluations are required to confirm its efficacy and safety for therapeutic applications.
Comparison of Antioxidant Effectiveness of Papaya Leaf Extract and Bidara Leaf Extract Using the DPPH Method: A Literature Review Hilmah Ayu Mardhiyya; Dia Septiani; Muhammad Rofif Albukhori
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 3 (2026): Juli - September
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i3.13010

Abstract

Natural antioxidants have gained increasing attention as safer alternatives to synthetic antioxidants for preventing oxidative stress caused by free radicals. Papaya (Carica papaya L.) and bidara (Ziziphus sp.) leaves are rich in bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, phenolics, vitamin C, and vitamin E, which exhibit antioxidant properties. This study aimed to compare the antioxidant activity of papaya and bidara leaf extracts based on evidence from published studies using the DPPH assay. A systematic literature review was conducted by searching the Google Scholar and PubMed databases using predefined keywords and inclusion criteria. A total of 989 records were identified, and 13 eligible articles were included in the final synthesis. The reviewed studies consistently demonstrated that papaya leaf extract exhibited very strong antioxidant activity, particularly in topical formulations such as creams and emulgels, with lower IC₅₀ values indicating greater free-radical scavenging capacity. In contrast, bidara leaf extract showed moderate to strong antioxidant activity, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 90 to 263 ppm, depending on the extraction solvent and method employed. Overall, papaya leaf extract demonstrated a stronger and more consistent antioxidant profile than bidara leaf extract. These findings suggest that papaya leaves have greater potential as a natural antioxidant source, while further in vivo and clinical studies are needed to validate their therapeutic applications.
Comparative Effectiveness of Luliconazole, Sertaconazole, and Terbinafine for Tinea Corporis and Tinea Cruris: A Systematic Review Ni Luh Putu Eka Widya Ananta Putri; Marisa Syavitri Dilaga
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 3 (2026): Juli - September
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i3.13063

Abstract

Dermatophytosis (tinea corporis and tinea cruris) is a superficial fungal infection with a high prevalence in tropical regions. The WHO has reported cases of resistance to antifungal treatments. Topical antifungals from the allylamine (terbinafine) and azole (sertaconazole and luliconazole) classes are widely used; however, evidence regarding their comparative head-to-head effectiveness is inconsistent and has not yet been systematically synthesized with rigorous methodological quality assessment. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the clinical effectiveness, mycological cure rates, cost-effectiveness, and safety of topical terbinafine, sertaconazole, and luliconazole for tinea corporis and tinea cruris through a systematic review. A literature search was conducted using Publish or Perish across Google Scholar (n=200) and PubMed (n=16), yielding 216 articles. Following deduplication via Covidence (17 duplicates), title/abstract screening, and full-text review, nine studies met the final eligibility criteria. Methodological quality was assessed using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for RCTs (13 items); six studies scoring >50% were included in the narrative synthesis. Results showed that comparisons between sertaconazole and terbinafine (four studies) consistently demonstrated equivalent effectiveness, although one high-quality study reported sertaconazole to be superior in terms of rapid relief from pruritus and achieving mycological cure. In one study of moderate quality, luliconazole demonstrated a significantly greater reduction in symptom scores compared to terbinafine. Sertaconazole showed higher clinical effectiveness than luliconazole, yet luliconazole was superior in terms of cost-effectiveness in one moderate-quality study. All three drugs were reported to be safe and well-tolerated. In conclusion, the three antifungal agents demonstrate generally comparable effectiveness in the management of tinea corporis and tinea cruris infections, although sertaconazole and luliconazole tend to outperform terbinafine in certain parameters across some studies.
Thoracic Empyema: A Narrative Review of Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management Lalu Dane Pemban Paerdoe; Philip Habib; Shira Putri Wardana; Arwinda Febri Yulianti; Moh. Rizky Yolanda B.S.
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 2 (2026): April - Juni
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.13067

Abstract

Thoracic empyema is a pleural-space infection characterized by purulent pleural fluid or microbiological evidence of infection. It commonly arises from parapneumonic effusion but may also follow aspiration, trauma, thoracic procedures, abdominal infection, fungal infection, or tuberculosis-related pleural disease. This narrative review synthesizes recent evidence on the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of thoracic empyema, with attention to decision points relevant to resource-variable health facilities. Literature was identified through PubMed/MEDLINE, NCBI Bookshelf, Thorax/BMJ, European Respiratory Society publications, SpringerLink, MDPI, Google Scholar, and Indonesian databases using terms related to empyema, pleural infection, parapneumonic effusion, drainage, intrapleural therapy, and surgery. Empyema progresses through exudative, fibrinopurulent, and organizing phases; each stage influences pleural-fluid chemistry, loculation, lung expansion, and treatment response. Diagnosis requires an integrated clinical assessment, imaging, and pleural fluid analysis. Frank pus, positive Gram stain or culture, pleural-fluid pH ≤ 7.20, low glucose, and high LDH support drainage. Management combines prompt antibiotics, image-guided pleural drainage, selected intrapleural tissue plasminogen activator/deoxyribonuclease, and timely surgical referral when initial therapy fails. Early ultrasound-based assessment and multidisciplinary escalation may improve outcomes.
Leaf Epidermal Anatomy of Euphorbiaceae and Phyllanthaceae from the Kaliurang Sector of Mount Merapi, Indonesia Riska Annisa; Dewi Sartika Amboupe; Muliana GH; Jamilatus Sa'diyah; Syaidah Fitri; Naufal Hafidh Mahdi Sujarwo Putra; Wendy A. Mustaqim
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 3 (2026): Juli - September
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i3.13072

Abstract

Euphorbiaceae and Phyllanthaceae are diverse seed plant families whose classification has been extensively studied, particularly since molecular evidence established Phyllanthaceae as a distinct family. This study investigated leaf epidermal anatomy of species occurring in Central Java, Indonesia, to provide additional evidence for their taxonomic characterization. Twelve species representing six genera were examined, comprising five Euphorbiaceae and seven Phyllanthaceae species, including ten native and two introduced species. Leaf epidermal sections were analyzed based on epidermal cell shape, anticlinal wall patterns, stomatal types, and stomatal distribution. Anomocytic stomata were observed only in Euphorbia heterophylla and Euphorbia hirta, suggesting their potential as diagnostic characters. Amphistomatic leaves occurred in E. heterophylla and Phyllanthus niruri, whereas the remaining species were hypostomatic. However, diacytic stomata, epidermal cell shapes, and anticlinal wall patterns overlapped between the two families. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis also failed to clearly separate the species according to family classification. These findings indicate that leaf epidermal characters are useful for species-level characterization but do not consistently distinguish Euphorbiaceae from Phyllanthaceae. The study provides baseline anatomical data for tropical Indonesian species and highlights the need for further research incorporating broader anatomical and morphological characters.  
Genetic Variability and Heritability of M4 G16 Red Rice Mutants after 300 Gy Gamma Irradiation Baiq Susthia Sukma Anggraeni; A. A. Ketut Sudharmawan; I Wayan Sudika
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 1 (2025): Januari - Maret
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i1.13088

Abstract

Gamma irradiation can broaden the genetic variability available for rice breeding, but selection in advanced mutant generations requires reliable estimates of trait variation and heritability. This study evaluated genetic variability and broad-sense heritability among M4 lines of G16 red rice (Oryza sativa L.) derived from 300 Gy gamma irradiation. A field experiment was conducted from May to November 2023 in Tatar Hamlet, Nyurlembang Village, Narmada, West Lombok, Indonesia. Ten M4 mutant lines were evaluated with four checks (G16, Inpari 32, IR64, and Ciliwung) using an augmented randomized block design. Twelve agro-morphological and yield traits were recorded from ten systematically sampled plants per entry. Data were subjected to analysis of variance at α = 0.05; significant genotype effects were followed by Tukey’s honestly significant difference test, and genotypic variance, genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), and broad-sense heritability (H²) were estimated. Genotype effects were significant for longest panicle, filled grains per panicle, and empty grains per panicle. G30(2-12) had the highest filled-grain number, whereas G27(17-10) had the longest panicle. GCV was high for empty grains per panicle and 100-grain weight, and moderate for empty-grain weight. H² was high for longest panicle, filled grains per panicle, and empty grains per panicle, while several yield-related traits showed moderate H². These results indicate exploitable genetic variation in selected reproductive traits. G20(8-3) and G26(7-11) are promising for further selection because they combine relatively long panicles, high filled-grain numbers, and low empty-grain numbers. Multi-environment validation is recommended before advancing lines.
Heterogeneity of M5 Red Rice Mutants Irradiated With 200 and 300 Gy Based on Agronomic Traits Using Hierarchical Clustering Analysis A. A. Ketut Sudharmawan
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 3 (2025): Juli-September
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i3.13089

Abstract

Gamma-ray irradiation can broaden phenotypic variation in rice, making assessment of genotype heterogeneity important in advanced generations. This study evaluated the heterogeneity of M5 red rice mutants derived from 200 and 300 Gy irradiation based on agronomic traits using Hierarchical Clustering. The study involved 20 M5 mutant genotypes, comprising 10 genotypes from 200 Gy and 10 from 300 Gy, evaluated in three replications with Gamagora 7 as a check. Eleven agronomic traits were analyzed; maturity was excluded from clustering because all mutant genotypes had maturity of 107 days after transplanting. Genotype means were standardized and analyzed using Euclidean distance and Ward linkage. Cluster number was determined using silhouette, Calinski–Harabasz, Davies–Bouldin, and cophenetic correlation, while PCA was used to clarify variation. Five traits differed significantly: plant height, flowering time, maturity, grains per panicle, and filled grains per panicle. Three clusters provided the most informative structure, with a silhouette score of 0.324 and a cophenetic correlation coefficient of 0.732. The smallest Euclidean distance was 0.981 between G13 (12-2-8) and G63 (5-14-10), whereas the largest was 8.771 between G27 (1-20-19) and G27 (17-10-12). Internal dispersion was higher at 300 Gy than at 200 Gy, although multivariate centroids did not differ significantly between doses.
Influenza in Tropical Regions: Epidemiology, Viral Evolution, and Control Challenges Ni Kadek Andining Vidya; Afra Ruchudinia Mufida; Shafira Adinda Putri; Lisra Naila Mangendara
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 3 (2026): Juli - September
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i3.13127

Abstract

Influenza in tropical regions circulates throughout the year, with seasonal peaks varying according to rainfall, temperature, humidity, population mobility, and local epidemiological conditions. This narrative review aims to examine influenza viral characteristics and evolution, epidemiological patterns in tropical regions, vaccination challenges, and post-COVID-19 prevention strategies. Literature was searched through PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Google Scholar, and World Health Organization sources, with emphasis on publications from 2016 to 2026. Evidence indicates substantial heterogeneity in influenza seasonality across tropical settings, suggesting that vaccination timing and strain selection should be guided by local epidemiological and virological surveillance rather than a uniform Northern or Southern Hemisphere schedule. Antigenic drift remains a major challenge to vaccine–strain matching, while reassortment in influenza A viruses continues to pose a potential pandemic threat. Since March 2020, no confirmed detection of naturally circulating influenza B/Yamagata lineage viruses has been reported, supporting the transition from quadrivalent to trivalent seasonal influenza vaccines. Post-COVID-19 strategies should prioritize integrated virological and genomic surveillance, locally tailored vaccination policies, improved vaccine uptake, and strengthened human–animal surveillance in areas with zoonotic risk. Universal influenza vaccine platforms remain under development but could ultimately reduce reliance on frequent seasonal strain updates.

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