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INDONESIA
Jurnal Biologi Tropis
Published by Universitas Mataram
ISSN : 14119587     EISSN : 25497863     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology
Jurnal Biologi Tropis (ISSN Cetak 1411-9587 dan ISSN Online 2549-7863) diterbitkan mulai tahun 2000 dengan frekuensi 2 kali setahun oleh Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi PMIPA FKIP Universitas Mataram, berisi hasil penelitian dan ulasan Ilmiah dalam bidang Biologi Sains.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 2,927 Documents
 289   290   291   292   293 
Antibacterial Activity Assay of 96% Ethanol Extract of Strawberry Leaves (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) Against Streptococcus mutans Using the Disc Diffusion Method and Phytochemical Analysis Mahfur, Mahfur; Adelina, Priatin Nova
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 3 (2026): in Progress
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i3.12903

Abstract

Abesah, N. H. S., & Mahfur, M. (2024). Isolasi dan identifikasi antioksidan jamur endofit umbi talas (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) menggunakan pereaksi semprot DPPH secara bioautografi. Jurnal Insan Farmasi Indonesia, 7(3), 367–378. https://doi.org/10.36387/jifi.v7i3.2235 Allo. (2016). Uji aktivitas antibakteri dari ekstrak air kulit buah pisang Ambon lumut (Musa acuminata Colla) terhadap pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus (Skripsi). Universitas Sanata Dharma. Andesmora, E. V., Muhadiono, M., & Hilwan, I. (2017). Ethnobotanical study of plants used by people in Hiang Indigenous Forest, Kerinci, Jambi. Journal of Tropical Life Science, 7(2), 95–101. Bakti, T. E. K., & Mahfur, M. (2023). Skrining fitokimia dan analisis kadar flavonoid total fraksi etil asetat kulit buah durian merah (Durio graveolens Becc.) dengan metode spektrofotometri UV–Vis. Journal of Pharmacy Science and Technology, 4(1), 30–35. https://doi.org/10.30649/pst.v4i1.57 Bouyahya, A., et al. (2016). Determination of phenolic contents, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) leaf extracts. British Biotechnology Journal, 14(3), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.9734/BBJ/2016/26488 Elfeky, N., Mohamed Mousa, A. M., Abdelsameea Mahmoud, E., Mohammed Awad, S., El-Sabbagh, S. M., & Zayed, M. (2023). Antimicrobial activities of Fragaria × ananassa leaves against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Delta Journal of Science, 47(1), 154–170. https://doi.org/10.21608/djs.2023.231555.1127 Engleberg, N. C., DiRita, V., & Dermody, T. S. (2006). Schaechter's mechanisms of microbial disease (4th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Fajrina, A., Jubahar, J., & Hardiana, N. (2017). Uji aktivitas fraksi dari ekstrak akar kangkung (Ipomoea aquatica Forssk.) terhadap bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Jurnal Farmasi Higea, 9(2). (DOI yang dicantumkan perlu diverifikasi karena tidak sesuai dengan jurnal). Ginting, M., Ginting, P., & Sari, S. A. (2023). Studi aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol daun stroberi (Fragaria × ananassa (Weston) Rozier) terhadap bakteri Propionibacterium acnes. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences, 6(1), 281–286. https://doi.org/10.36490/journal-jps.com.v6i1.56 He, M., Huang, Y., Wang, J., Chen, Z., Xie, J., Cui, Z., et al. (2025). Advances in polysaccharide-based antibacterial materials. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 308, 142598. (DOI perlu diverifikasi karena DOI yang dicantumkan mengarah ke jurnal lain.) Hirsch, M., Burges, P. L., Migueliz, L., Villarreal, N. M., & Marina, M. (2024). Isolation of beneficial bacteria from strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.): Potentialities for fungal disease control and plant growth promotion. Plant Growth Regulation, 102(1), 135–152. Jannah, A., Rachmawaty, D. U., & Maunatin, A. (2017). Uji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol, etil asetat, dan petroleum eter rambut jagung manis (Zea mays saccharata Sturt) terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Alchemy: Journal of Chemistry, 5(4). Kaur, A., Goindi, S., & Katare, O. P. (2016). Thermal analysis and quantitative characterization of compatibility between diflunisal and lipid excipients as raw materials for development of solid lipid nanoparticles. Thermochimica Acta, 643, 23–32. Mahfur, M. (2016). Uji sitotoksik fraksi etil asetat ekstrak etanol akar pasak bumi (Eurycoma longifolia Jack) terhadap sel kanker T47D dengan metode MTT. Pena: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi, 30(2), 57–64. https://doi.org/10.31941/jurnalpena.v30i2.497 Mahfur, M., Khasanah, K., Anindhita, M. A., Chandra, S. G., & Hidayah, A. N. (2023). Comparison of the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of Amomum compactum Sol. ex Maton from Linggo Asri and Paninggaran Districts, Pekalongan Regency. Sasambo Journal of Pharmacy, 4(1), 8–13. https://doi.org/10.29303/sjp.v4i1.212 Mahfur, M., Kamila, A., Abidah, J. F., Samirana, P. O., Hikmawan, B. D., & Pratimasari, D. (2023). Antibacterial activity of ethyl acetate extract of symbiont fungus Aspergillus sp. in the sponge Rhabdastrella sp. from Gili Layar Island, Lombok, Indonesia. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 13(11), 144–151. https://doi.org/10.7324/japs.2023.146303 Mahnashi, M. H., & Alshehri, O. M. (2022). Isolation, in vitro and in silico anti-Alzheimer and anti-inflammatory studies on phytosteroids from aerial parts of Fragaria × ananassa Duch. Biomolecules, 12(10), 1430. Mazurel, D., Brandt, B. W., Boomsma, M., Crielaard, W., Lagerweij, M., Exterkate, R. A. M., & Deng, D. M. (2025). Streptococcus mutans and caries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Dental Research, 104(6), 594–603. Rani, K., & Mahfur, M. (2023). Analisis kadar flavonoid total ekstrak bonggol pisang kepok kuning (Musa acuminata Colla) secara spektrofotometri UV–Vis. Benzena Pharmaceutical Scientific Journal, 2(1). (Halaman perlu dilengkapi.) Rusmalina, S., Mahfur, M., Ermawati, N., Maliah, N., Ananda, L., Pratama, K. B., et al. (2025). The optimization of fermentation for metabolite production by symbiont Penicillium nalgiovense from the sponge Gelliodes fibulata. Medical Sains: Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian, 10(1), 9–18. https://doi.org/10.37874/ms.v10i1.1682 Salas-Arias, K., Irías-Mata, A., Sánchez-Kopper, A., Hernández-Moncada, R., Salas-Morgan, B., Villalta-Romero, F., & Calvo-Castro, L. A. (2023). Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa cv. Festival): A polyphenol-based phytochemical characterization in fruit and leaf extracts. Molecules, 28(4), 1865. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28041865 Widyaningtias, et al. (2014). Uji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak terpurifikasi daun sirih hijau (Piper betle L.) terhadap bakteri Propionibacterium acnes. Jurnal Farmasi Udayana, 3(1), 50–57. (Volume, nomor, dan halaman perlu diverifikasi.) Widiatmoko, H. (2016). Sehat tanpa obat dengan si merah stroberi. Rapha Publishing. Ye, D., Liu, Y., Li, J., Zhou, J., Cao, J., Wu, Y., et al. (2025). Competitive dynamics and balance between Streptococcus mutans and commensal streptococci in oral microecology. Critical Reviews in Microbiology, 51(3), 532–543. Zhou, Y., Chen, X., Chen, T., & Chen, X. (2022). A review of the antibacterial activity and mechanisms of plant polysaccharides. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 123, 264–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2022.03.020
Synthesis and Characterization of PANI/ZnO Composites: Structure and Conductivity Analysis Supervised Nasution, Fitri Khairani; Yuningsih, Lela Mukmilah; Anwar, Devi Indah
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 3 (2026): in Progress
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i3.12910

Abstract

Technological advances have accelerated the development of functional materials for sensing applications. Polyaniline (PANI) is a conductive polymer with attractive electrical properties, but its gas-sensing performance remains limited. This study aimed to synthesize a PANI/ZnO composite and evaluate its structural and electrical characteristics as a potential gas-sensing material. The composite was prepared by interfacial polymerization and characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and electrical conductivity measurements. FTIR and XRD analyses confirmed the successful formation of the PANI/ZnO composite through the presence of characteristic functional groups and crystalline phases of both PANI and ZnO, indicating effective interaction between the two materials. The composite exhibited an electrical conductivity of 1.038 × 10⁻⁵ S/cm, demonstrating semiconducting behavior suitable for sensing applications. The incorporation of ZnO into the PANI matrix is considered to improve the structural characteristics of the composite while maintaining its electrical conductivity. These findings confirm the successful synthesis of the PANI/ZnO composite and indicate its potential as an active material for gas sensor development. Nevertheless, further studies are required to evaluate its gas-sensing performance, including sensitivity, selectivity, response time, and long-term stability under various operating conditions.
Effectiveness of Type M1 AMF Inoculum and Host Plant Species on the Growth of Sandalwood (Santalum album Linn.) Seedlings Finmeta, Abdonia; Taneo, Davik Eliaser; Bunyani, Nur Aini; Kerihi, Eka Citra.G.
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 3 (2026): in Progress
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i3.12918

Abstract

The successful establishment of sandalwood (Santalum album L.) in the degraded dry savanna of East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, remains limited because young seedlings often fail to adapt to marginal soil conditions and seasonal water scarcity. This study evaluated the effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) inoculum (type M1) and different host plant species on the growth of sandalwood seedlings during the nursery stage. The experiment employed a completely randomized split-plot design with two AMF treatments (without AMF and AMF type M1) and four host plant treatments (without host, chili, mung bean, and Leucaena). Growth performance was assessed based on plant height, stem diameter, and leaf number. The results showed that both AMF inoculation and host plant species significantly affected all measured growth parameters. The combination of AMF type M1 and mung bean as the host plant produced the highest growth, with plant height of 14.09 cm, stem diameter of 2.26 mm, and 19.20 leaves per seedling. These findings indicate that the symbiotic association between AMF and an appropriate host plant enhances nutrient and water uptake, thereby supporting seedling growth under nursery conditions. The study demonstrates that integrating AMF type M1 with mung bean as a host plant is a promising strategy to improve sandalwood seedling quality and may contribute to more successful establishment in dryland restoration and reforestation programs.
Chemical Control of Coffee Leaf Diseases in an Integrated Pest Management System: A Literature Review Isnaini, Maidatul; Violita, Violita
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 3 (2026): in Progress
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i3.12928

Abstract

Coffee leaf diseases, particularly coffee leaf rust caused by Hemileia vastatrix, remain one of the major constraints to coffee production in Indonesia and other coffee-producing countries, causing yield losses of up to 50% under severe infection. Synthetic fungicides are still the primary control strategy because of their rapid and reliable disease suppression. This review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of synthetic fungicides in managing coffee leaf diseases, compare the performance of different fungicide groups, and identify recent trends in their application. A literature review was conducted using peer-reviewed articles published between 2015 and 2025 retrieved from Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. The search employed the keywords “coffee leaf rust,” “Hemileia vastatrix,” “synthetic fungicide,” “triazole,” “strobilurin,” and “coffee disease management.” Only English- and Indonesian-language articles reporting fungicide efficacy under field or greenhouse conditions were included. The reviewed studies consistently showed that triazole- and strobilurin-based fungicides were the most effective, generally reducing coffee leaf rust severity by 60–90% when applied at the early stages of infection. However, repeated application of single-mode-of-action fungicides increases the risk of pathogen resistance and environmental contamination. This review highlights the comparative effectiveness of major synthetic fungicide groups and emphasizes that their use should be integrated with resistant cultivars, cultural practices, and fungicide rotation within an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) framework to support sustainable coffee production. Further studies are recommended to optimize fungicide rotation strategies and evaluate environmentally safer alternatives.
Phenotypic Variation of Avocado Leaves (Persea americana Mill.) in Gorontalo Regency Pembengo, Nur Fadhillah; Jannah, Magfirahtul; Baderan, Dewi Wahyuni K.; Kandowangko, Novri Youla
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 3 (2026): in Progress
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i3.12944

Abstract

Avocado is a horticultural crop with considerable phenotypic diversity, particularly in leaf morphology. This study aimed to provide initial documentation of leaf phenotypic diversity in local avocado accessions from Gorontalo Regency, Indonesia. A descriptive exploratory method was conducted in eight villages: Dumati, Modelidu, Dulamayo, Tridarma, Tinelo, Kayumerah, Hepuhulawa, and Kayubulan. Twenty-two avocado accessions were characterized using 12 leaf morphological traits based on the IPGRI Descriptors for Avocado (1995). Qualitative and quantitative data were analyzed descriptively. The results revealed substantial variation in most leaf traits, with leaf shape showing the highest qualitative diversity. Seven leaf shape categories were identified: oval, ovate, lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate, oblong, roundish, and narrowly obovate. Leaf blade length ranged from 11.42 ± 1.27 to 20.07 ± 1.79 cm, while leaf width ranged from 5.08 ± 0.69 to 10.97 ± 0.97 cm. Variations were also observed in leaf color, pubescence density, primary vein number, and leaf texture, indicating diverse phenotypes among accessions. These findings provide baseline information for avocado germplasm conservation, local cultivar identification, and parent selection in breeding programs. Further molecular studies are recommended to validate the genetic relationships underlying the observed morphological variation and improve germplasm characterization.  
Empyema Thoracis: A Comprehensive Literature Review Rani, Alfi Salma Q; Alifa, Baiq Salwa Nadira; Rahmansyah, M. Badzlul; Lazuara, Atiella Denisa Puriarta; Lestari, Rina
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 3 (2026): in Progress
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i3.12953

Abstract

Empyema thoracis is a severe pleural infection characterized by the accumulation of purulent fluid within the pleural cavity, most commonly as a complication of pneumonia. Delayed diagnosis and inadequate treatment contribute to increased morbidity and mortality. This review aimed to synthesize recent evidence on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of empyema thoracis, highlighting current advances in clinical practice. A literature review was conducted using articles retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar published between 2015 and 2025. A total of 48 eligible articles, including original studies, systematic reviews, and international clinical guidelines, were analyzed. The findings indicate that disease stage at presentation and timely pleural drainage are the most consistent prognostic factors. Early-stage empyema is generally managed successfully with antibiotics and image-guided pleural drainage, whereas delayed treatment often requires surgical intervention, including video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery or decortication. The novelty of this review lies in integrating recent evidence and clinical guidelines to compare stage-based diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Early multidisciplinary management with treatment tailored to the stage of empyema is essential to improve clinical outcomes, reduce complications, and support evidence-based decision-making in clinical practice.
Case Study of Pseudomonas sp. in Giant Gourami (Osphronemus goramy) via Anatomical Pathology, Histopathology, and Microbiological Examinations, and Tetracycline Sensitivity Testing Rahmaniar, Reina Puspita; Rahmawati, Indra; Nussa, Olan Rahayu Puji Astuti; Firmansyah, Muhammad Irwan
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 3 (2026): in Progress
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i3.12956

Abstract

Pseudomonas sp. is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen causing systemic infections in cultured fish, resulting in economic losses and increasing concerns regarding antimicrobial resistance. However, comprehensive pathological and microbiological confirmation remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate Pseudomonas sp. infection in giant gourami (Osphronemus goramy) through pathological examination, bacterial identification, and antibiotic susceptibility testing. A descriptive case study was conducted on one naturally infected fish (code F-11). Clinical observation, necropsy, histopathological examination of the liver and gills using hematoxylin-eosin staining, bacterial isolation on MacConkey agar, Gram staining, biochemical characterization, and Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion testing with 30 μg tetracycline were performed. Data were analyzed descriptively by integrating pathological and microbiological findings. Gross examination revealed ecchymotic hemorrhages in the gills, labyrinth organ, and liver, hepatic nodules, and jejunal petechiae. Histopathology demonstrated congestion, inflammatory cell infiltration, hemorrhage, focal hepatic necrosis, epithelial desquamation, and lamellar necrosis in the gills. The isolate produced transparent non-lactose-fermenting colonies, consisted of Gram-negative rods, and exhibited biochemical characteristics consistent with Pseudomonas sp. The isolate remained susceptible to tetracycline, producing a 28-mm inhibition zone. These findings confirm Pseudomonas sp. infection and highlight the importance of integrated pathological and microbiological diagnosis to support appropriate antimicrobial therapy and antimicrobial resistance surveillance in aquaculture.

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