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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 14119420     EISSN : 24601578     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry is an International, peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, as well as short communication in all areas of chemistry including applied chemistry. The journal is accredited by The Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education (RISTEKDIKTI) No : 21/E/KPT/2018 (in First Rank) and indexed in Scopus since 2012. Since 2018 (Volume 18), Indonesian Journal of Chemistry publish four issues (numbers) annually (February, May, August and November).
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,956 Documents
 145   146   147   148   149 
Design, Synthesis, and Anti-mycobacterial Evaluation of New 3,5-Disubstituted-pyrazole-1-carbothioamides Kok Tong Wong; Hasnah Osman; Thaigarajan Parumasivam; Muhammad Solehin Abd Ghani; Mohd. Zaheen Hassan; Unang Supratman; Mohamad Nurul Azmi Mohamad Taib
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 22, No 3 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.70243

Abstract

Two series of new 3,5-disubstituted-pyrazole-1-carbothioamides (4a-f and 5a-e) were designed and synthesized through condensation reaction between chalcones and thiosemicarbazides under alkaline condition via cyclocondensation reaction. The structures have been elucidated by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses. These compounds were assayed for in vitro anti-tuberculosis activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra using the Tetrazolium microplate assay (TEMA) method. As a result, six compounds (i.e., 4a, 4d, 4f, 5a, 5c, and 5d) showed a weak activity with minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) between 650–530 μM, and other compounds showed no inhibition against MTB. In addition, all tested compounds also did not show any cidal effects for minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), even at the highest test concentration.
Trace Element Content and Food Safety of Traditional Crackers (Kerupuk) Collected from Java Island, Indonesia Indah Kusmartini; Diah Dwiana Lestiani; Syukria Kurniawati; Endah Damastuti; Natalia Adventini; Woro Yatu Niken Syahfitri; Dyah Kumala Sari; Djoko Prakoso Dwi Atmodjo; Muhayatun Santoso
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 22, No 3 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.70294

Abstract

In this study, trace elements in crackers were determined using Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) to assess their intake, food safety, and health contribution. The 62 samples of crackers were collected and purchased from local markets in five provinces of Java during 2013–2014. The validation method was performed using SRM Wheat Flour 1567a, with 80–110% accuracy (% recovery) and precision less than 10% (% RSD). The concentration of trace elements such as Cr, Co, Fe, and Zn was analyzed and found in the range of 0.03–1.4, 0.01–0.32, 14.49–85.70, 0.15–17.26 µg/g, respectively. Daily intake of elements in crackers contributes less than 1% to Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA). Based on food safety evaluation through the calculation of Hazard Quotient, the value of Cr, Co, Fe, and Zn is less than 1, indicating that the crackers are safe for consumption and do not possess non-carcinogenic health risks due to heavy metals content. Therefore, the crackers in all Java provinces meet the current standards and are safe for consumption.
Synthesis of Mesoporous Silica from Beach Sand by Sol-Gel Method as a Ni Supported Catalyst for Hydrocracking of Waste Cooking Oil Siti Salamah; Wega Trisunaryanti; Indriana Kartini; Suryo Purwono
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 22, No 3 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.70415

Abstract

Mesoporous silica (MS) supported by nickel was synthesized from Parangtritis beach sand and assessed for its activity and selectivity as catalysts in hydrocracking waste cooking oil into biofuel. The synthesis of MS was done by the sol-gel method. Ni/MS catalysts using Ni weight variations of 1, 5, and 10 wt.% were denoted as Ni/MS1, Ni/MS5, and Ni/MS10 and were compared to standard mesoporous silica (Ni/SBA-15). The catalysts were characterized using FTIR, XRD analysis, N2 gas sorption analysis, SEM-EDX, and TEM. Catalyst Ni/MS1, Ni/MS5, Ni/MS10, and Ni/SBA-15 have specific surface areas of 130.5, 195.9, 203.9, and 381.2 m2/g and the average pores of 12.30, 9.80, 11.12, and 8.70 nm, respectively. The hydrocracking was run four times to evaluate the catalyst reusability. The hydrocracking WCO has 95.8, 82.4, and 85.2%, respectively. While Liquid fractions produced were 38.8, 43.2, and 50.2 wt.%, each of which contains gasoline of 37.09, 39.76, and 44.27 wt.%, Ni/MS10 has the highest liquid products of 50.2 wt.% and was selective to gasoline fractions up to 44.27%. Therefore, the catalyst synthesized from Parangtritis beach sand is selective for gasoline-fraction hydrocarbon and has hydrocracking activity up to 4 runnings.
Evaluation of Influencing Factors and Technological Processes for the Production of Orange Essential Oil (Citrus sinensis) on Equipment Semi-industrial Distillation Tran Thien Hien; Hoang Quang Binh; Huynh Bao Long; Xuan Tien Le
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 22, No 3 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.70467

Abstract

In recent years, essential oils extracted from different plant species have become increasingly popular in the production of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and foods. The essential oil from orange (Citrus sinensis) is important in large-scale applications due to its antibacterial, antioxidant activities, and pleasant aroma. In this study, factors affecting the production of orange essential oil on a distillation device with an operating capacity of 50 L/batch, including the ratio of material to water, temperature, and time distillation, have been surveyed. Through the survey, it was found that the raw materials were pureed, the materials: water ratio was 1:3 g/g, the water heating temperature was 130 °C, and the distillation time was 140 min. The yield of the essential oil was 1.8 mL/g with compounds limonene accounting for 98%, α-Pinene (0.655–0.734%), and β-Pinene (1.114 and 1.163%) by the GC-MS method. The review also found that the hydrodistillation equipment was designed to be suitable for the semi-industrial scales of orange essential oil due to its stable yield and volatile compounds contained in the essential oil.
Potential Adenostemma lavenia and Muntingia calabura Extracts to Inhibit Cyclooxygenase-2 Activity as a Therapeutic Strategy for Anti-inflammation: Experimental and Theoretical Studies Bagaskoro Tuwalaid; Dyah Iswantini; Setyanto Tri Wahyudi
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 22, No 3 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.70794

Abstract

Continuous inflammation can cause new and more severe diseases, thus effective treatments are needed. One of the common inflammation treatments is given by reducing prostaglandins' production through the inhibition of COX-2 activity. This experiment aims to examine the potential application of plant extracts of Adenostemma lavenia and Muntingia calabura (Jamaica cherry) as anti-inflammatory agents in inhibiting COX-2 activity through in silico and in vitro assays. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation were accomplished to evaluate the stability of the complex between COX-2 and ligands. The COX-2 inhibition was determined using the COX-2 Inhibitor Screening Assay KIT. Based on the docking results, the active compound from A. lavenia, ligand 1a,9b-dihydro-1H-cyclopropa[a]anthracene, has the lowest binding energy of -8.7 kcal/mol. In comparison, M. calabura contains 7-hydroxyflavone ligand with a Gibbs free energy of -9.1 kcal/mol. The molecular dynamics study demonstrates that COX-2 maintains its stability when forming interactions with selected compounds from all the tested extracts. The results of the COX-2 inhibition test showed that 96% EtOH extract of A. Lavenia at concentrations of 25 and 100 ppm had an inhibitory activity of 98%; meanwhile, 70% and 96% EtOH extracts of M. calabura at 1000 ppm concentration could inhibit COX-2 activity up to 100%. The results demonstrate that both plants show potential anti-inflammatory activity.
A New Flow Injection System with Merging-Zone Technique for the Determination of Copper(II) by Neocuproine Reagent in Aqueous Solution Ahmed Saleh Farhood; Dakhil Nassir Taha
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 22, No 3 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.70799

Abstract

A fast, simple, and high throughput sample merging-zone flow injection design was developed to determine copper(II) in aqueous solution. The procedure is based on the reduction of copper(II) to copper(I) by uric acid followed by a direct reaction with Neocuproine reagent (NC). The orange-yellow complex that forms absorb light at 454 nm. All conditions of the new flow injection unit were investigated. The analytical curve of copper(II) was linear with (r2) value of 0.9978, in the range of 0.4 to 40 mg/L with a detection limit of 0.1 mg/L and a quantification limit of 0.3 mg/L. the molar absorptivity was 1.661 × 105 L/mol cm and the recovery range was between 104.9 and 97%. The homemade acrylic valve was low-cost with zero dead volume and high repeatability (n = 7) with an RSD of 2.31%. The dispersion coefficient values were 1.8,1.62, and 1.31 for the concentrations of 5, 15, and 25 mg/L, respectively. The sample throughput was 69 h–1.
Ion Impregnation Effect of Fe, Cu, Cr-attributed Mordenite on Stearic Acid Cracking Abdulloh Abdulloh; Ulfa Rahmah; Satya Candra Wibawa Sakti; Alfa Akustia Widati; Ahmadi Jaya Permana; Rochadi Prasetya; Musbahu Adam Ahmad; Mochamad Zakki Fahmi
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 22, No 3 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.71126

Abstract

The improvement in the design of mordenite-based catalysts focuses on the present study to fulfill the massive demand for bio-aviation fuel (BAF) as renewable energy. Modification of the mordenite through ionic impregnation of Fe, Cu, and Cr, has supported the mordenite to perform with better efficiency and activity in catalyzing the cracking process of stearic acid. The adjustment on catalytic activity was carried out by simply reacting the catalyst with stearic acid at 190 °C and investigating cracking products with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy. The results of the GC-MS test of the cracking product showed the formation of alkane-alkene and aromatic compounds. BAF was selectively obtained (30.27%) when the reaction was catalyzed by FeCuCr/mordenite catalyst. The BAF derived from FeCuCr/mordenite contained hydrocarbons that include xylene, mesitylene, dodecane, tridecane, tetradecane, and pentadecane. However, reduced selectivity was realized (19.85%) when the reaction was catalyzed by nano FeCuCr/mordenite. Its hydrocarbon constituents include benzene, tetradecane, and pentadecane compounds.
Synthesis of Cassava Starch-Grafted Polyacrylamide Hydrogel by Microwave-Assisted Method for Polymer Flooding Maudy Pratiwi Novia Matovanni; Sperisa Distantina; Mujtahid Kaavessina
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 22, No 3 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.71343

Abstract

Cassava starch-grafted polyacrylamide (CS-g-PAM) hydrogels were synthesized using a microwave-assisted method and K2O8S2 (KPS) as an initiator. In this study, we studied the influence of the amount of acrylamide and irradiation time on the properties of CS-g-PAM. The characterization of CS-g-PAM obtained was shown by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis. To predict the behavior of the samples under reservoir conditions, the properties of CS-g-PAM, such as swelling ratio, water-solubility, and viscosity were determined as a function of temperature, salt concentration, and aging time. The FTIR spectra and SEM analysis of the CS-g-PAM confirmed that the polyacrylamide chains were successfully grafted onto the cassava starch backbone. The results showed that the increasing amount of acrylamide and the longer irradiation time improved the properties of CS-g-PAM. Preparation of CS-g-PAM with 10 g of acrylamide and 180 s of irradiation time resulted in the highest grafting percentage and water solubility, which was 1565.53 and 96.06%, respectively. Its viscosity also exceeded 97% after 15 days of aging. The results showed that CS-g-PAM expressed properties such as good thickening, temperature resistance, and salt resistance according to reservoir conditions. This finding indicated that CS-g-PAM has good potential for oil recovery applications.
Antioxidant Flavonoid Glycoside from Leaves of Cacao Mistletoe (Scurrula ferruginea (Jack) Danser) Mai Efdi; Dara Pratama; Afrizal Itam; Tia Okselni
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry ARTICLE IN PRESS
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.72133

Abstract

Scurrula ferruginea (Jack) Danser is a folk medicine to treat several diseases. S. ferruginea is the mistletoe that lives by deriving nutrients from the host. Hence, the host has a significant effect on the biological activities and bioactive components of S. ferruginea. In this study, the leaves of S. ferruginea were macerated by methanol solvent to extract the chemical components and fractionated by hexane and ethyl acetate solvent, respectively, to separate organic compounds. The biological activity of crude extracts as the antioxidant was investigated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The result showed that the highest antioxidant activity was obtained from the ethyl acetate fraction with the IC50 of 10.88 ± 0.39 µg/mL. Furthermore, the trituration method used several solvents to isolate secondary metabolites from the initial crude methanol extract. This purification process produced a flavonoid compound of quercitrin. The antioxidant activity of quercitrin was also determined by the DPPH method. The result showed that this compound has stronger activity than the crude extracts with the IC50 of 5.95 ± 0.11 µg/mL. This study demonstrated that cacao mistletoe of S. ferruginea may have the potential activity to treat the diseases caused by the presence of free radicals.
Synthesis of 2-Hydroxyethyl Esters from Castor Oil as Lubrication Bio-Additive Candidates for Low-Sulfur Fossil Diesel Arizal Firmansyah; Yulfi Zetra; Rafwan Year Perry Burhan; Didik Prasetyoko; Novesar Jamarun
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 22, No 3 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.73038

Abstract

The present work aims to study the synthesis of 2-hydroxyethyl esters from castor oil and its lubrication properties, promising as a lubrication bio-additive in low sulfur diesel fuel. This compound has been successfully synthesized from castor oil and ethylene glycol. The oil to ethylene glycol molar ratio was adjusted to 1:10, and the catalyst loading was used at 9% mole oil. Then, the mixture was refluxed for 5 h. The product components were characterized using GC-MS. The standard ASTM method was used to study the kinematic viscosity and lubrication. The product was dominated by 2-hydroxyethyl esters (94.16%), di-ester (1.12%), and cyclic ester (1.92%). The analysis of friction coefficient and wear scar diameter (WSD) using High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR) shows the coefficient of friction and WSD of the product better than reference diesel fuel. From the results of this study, the 2-hydroxyethyl ester of castor oil, especially 2-hydroxyethyl ricinoleate, is the main responsible for the lubricating properties. Thus, 2-hydroxyethyl esters of castor oil can be proposed as an alternative bio-additive to improve the lubrication of low-sulfur fossil diesel fuels.

Page 147 of 196 | Total Record : 1956

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