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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 14119420     EISSN : 24601578     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry is an International, peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, as well as short communication in all areas of chemistry including applied chemistry. The journal is accredited by The Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education (RISTEKDIKTI) No : 21/E/KPT/2018 (in First Rank) and indexed in Scopus since 2012. Since 2018 (Volume 18), Indonesian Journal of Chemistry publish four issues (numbers) annually (February, May, August and November).
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,956 Documents
 155   156   157   158   159 
Microencapsulation of Ruellia tuberosa L. Extracts Using Alginate: Preparation, Biological Activities, and Release Andriana Kusuma Pertiwi; Choirin Annisa; Zubaidah Ningsih; Anna Safitri
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 23, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.76821

Abstract

The bioactive compounds naturally present in plants have great importance due to their biological characteristics. These substances could lose their active characteristics since they are highly unstable. Microencapsulation is one of the techniques to improve stability and protect these compounds. In this work, Ruellia tuberosa L. ethanolic extracts microcapsules were prepared using a freeze-drying method by varying pH, alginate concentration, and stirring time. The encapsulation efficiency (EE), characteristics, alpha-amylase inhibition activity, and release behavior of the microcapsules were investigated. The results highlighted that the highest encapsulation efficiency for the microcapsules was obtained at pH 6, alginate concentration of 1% (w/v), and 30 min of stirring time (51.63% EE). The microcapsules mostly had spherical shapes with a mean diameter of 197.53 μm. The alpha-amylase inhibition assay from microcapsules resulted in the IC50 value of 46.66 ± 0.13 μg/mL, demonstrating high biological activity. The bioactive substances from microcapsules were released during intervals of 30–120 min at pH values of 1.2 and 7.4. Only 3.51% of the bioactive substances were released at pH 1.2 after 120 min, compared to 55.78% at pH 7.4. Overall, this work confirms the possibility of developing plant extracts with preserved biological activity using the produced microcapsules.
Anticancer Activity of Synthesized ZnO and ZnO/AgCl Nanocomposites against Five Human Cancer Cells Fattima Al-Zahra Gabar Gassim; Ali Jabbar Jasim Makkawi
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 23, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.76872

Abstract

In this work, a refluxing method is used to prepare nanoparticles of zinc oxide (ZnO NPS) and zinc oxide /silver chloride nanocomposites (ZnO/AgCl NCS). The structural properties of nanocrystals are studied by Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) to determine the average crystal size, morphology, particle size and average grain size of nanocrystals. The results of anticancer efficiency of ZnO NPs and ZnO/AgCl NCs show cytotoxic activity against five human cancer cells, namely hepatocellular carcinoma, rhabdomyosarcoma (RD), colorectal carcinoma (HCT116), mammary gland (MCF-7), and epidermoid carcinoma (Hep2) compared against doxorubicin. The anticancer mechanism of pure and nanocomposites ZnO are suggested according to the release of Zn+2 and the production of reactive oxidation species (ROS) and the effect of these species on cancer inhibition.
Pancreatic Lipase Inhibition Activity in Lipid Absorption Using Traditional Plants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Hasim Hasim; Didah Nur Faridah; Eka Nurul Qomaliyah; Frendy Ahmad Afandi
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 23, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.76873

Abstract

Obesity is a complex and multifactorial disease resulting from excessive accumulation of fat. With a significant annual increase, it has become a health concern across the globe in the last decades. To tackle this problem, an exploration of traditional medicinal plants (TMP) functioning as anti-obesity drugs using an ethnopharmacology approach has been carried out. Research on the drug development of obesity treatment was directed at how to inhibit pancreatic lipase as the enzyme accounted for lipid absorption. Using a systematic review and meta-analysis, this current study investigated TMP anti-obesity from the articles published in 6 scientific databases, i.e., Scopus, Science Direct, Proquest, Cengage Library, Ebsco, and Emerald, using particular keywords. The review resulted in 19 articles containing 91 eligible data based on inclusive and exclusive criteria. Meta-analysis extracted data as follows: IC50, number of replications, and standard error, regarding the anti-obesity effects of medicinal plants and orlistat as a positive control. The results showed 8 medicinal plants showing anti-obesity via inhibition of pancreatic lipase, including Solenostemma argel, Garcinia vilersiana, Phyllanthus chamaepeuce, Cassia auriculata, Moringa oleifera, Ficus carica, Ocimum gratissimum, and Adiantum capillus-veneris. 
Synthesis and Biological Activity Study of Co and Cr Complexes with α-(2-Salsayl)-N-phenyl Nitrone and Oxide Nanoparticles Dhamiaa Abdul-Shaheed Issa; Hayder Baqer Abdullah; Faeza Abdulkareem Al-Mashal
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 23, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.77276

Abstract

This paper describes the synthesis of two complexes from the ligand α-(2-Salsayl)-N-phenyl nitrone with CoCl2 and CrCl2. The ligand was characterized by several spectroscopic techniques (ultraviolet/visible (UV/Vis), nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR and 13C-NMR), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and mass spectrometry (MS). While infrared, ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), thermal analysis, and job method studies were used to reveal the structure of the complexes. The synthesized complexes were then synthesized by the sonochemical method, and the copper and chromium oxide nanoparticles were produced using the thermal decomposition method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization confirmed the formation of Co3O4 and Cr2O3 nanoparticles. Antimicrobial studies of the complexes against some microorganisms, such as Staphylococcus epidermis and Escherichia coli, utilizing the disk diffusion method, revealed the antibacterial activity of the complexes.
Solubility Enhancement of Carvedilol by Solid Dispersion Technique Using Sodium Alginate, Guar Gum, Xanthan Gum, and Locust Bean Gum as Polymers Iyan Sopyan; Nurdiani Adiningsih; Sandra Megantara; Siska Sari Marvita
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 23, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.77698

Abstract

Carvedilol (CVD) is a non-selective β-blocker. CVD is included in BCS class II. It has low water solubility. In this research, solid dispersion was used to increase the solubility and dissolution profile of CVD. In silico study using the ligand-ligand docking method. The preparation of solid dispersion using the kneading method with a weight ratio of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4, evaluation of solid dispersion includes solubility and dissolution. The best solid dispersion was characterized using FTIR, DSC, and PXRD. In silico study showed complexes CVD-SA, CVD-GG, CVD-XG and CVD-LBG have a hydrogen interaction. SA and XG were chosen as carriers in solid dispersion. CVD solid dispersion showed increased solubility in all samples, with the highest increase at 90.63 times at CVD: XG (1:4). The results of the dissolution profile obtained at 60 min are 64.95 ± 0.45% at pure CVD, 83.32 ± 1.19% at CVD:SA (1:4), and 72.56 ± 3.62% at CVD: XG (1:4). The FTIR spectrum indicates an interaction between CVD and SA. The thermogram indicated the amorphous drug, and the diffractogram showed a decrease in crystallinity. Solid dispersion is proven to increase the solubility and dissolution profile of CVD. Solid dispersion CVD: SA (1:4) showed the highest solubility and dissolution profile.
Characterization and Antibacterial Activity Assessment of Hydroxyapatite-Betel Leaf Extract Formulation against Streptococcus mutans In Vitro and In Vivo Fitriari Izzatunnisa Muhaimin; Sari Edi Cahyaningrum; Riska Amelia Lawarti; Dina Kartika Maharani
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 23, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.77853

Abstract

Hydroxyapatite is an inorganic material that is commonly used as a re-mineralizing agent. Adding natural ingredients such as green betel leaf can increase the antibacterial properties due to the presence of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and tannins. This study aims to determine the physical and chemical characteristics of the formulation of hydroxyapatite-betel leaf extract and the antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans. To characterize the combination of hydroxyapatite-betel leaf extract, XRD, PSA and FTIR analyses were performed. Particle size analysis showed the smallest results in the variation of betel 0.3 g, which is 690.08 nm. FTIR characterization showed the presence of OH, PO43− and CO32− functional groups from hydroxyapatite and C=O derived from betel leaf extract. In addition, in vitro and in vivo analyses were performed to assess the antibacterial activity of this formulation. The in vitro antibacterial activity test against S. mutans showed strong inhibitory activity. Our finding suggests that the formulation has the potential to be used as a medication or prevention agent for dental caries.
The Stability Study of Electrochemical Aptasensor to Detect SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein and Its Application for Clinical Samples of Nasopharyngeal Swab Arum Kurnia Sari; Ghina Nur Fadhilah; Irkham Irkham; Muhammad Yusuf; Shabarni Gaffar; Yeni Wahyuni Hartati
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 23, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.77887

Abstract

The stability characteristics associated with the shelf life of a biosensor are rarely investigated, however, they are important factors for real applications. Stability is the variation in the detection signal over a long period of storage. This study aims to determine the effect of storage time on the stability of SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) spike protein aptamers related to shelf life and the performance of an electrochemical aptasensor on clinical samples. The research method includes a stability study conducted using the accelerated stability method based on the Arrhenius equation at three variations of temperature and storage time. The electrochemical aptasensor's performance was evaluated on clinical samples of 32 nasopharyngeal swabs at biosafety level 3 and its potential on clinical saliva samples. The results indicated that the developed electrochemical aptasensor was stable for ± 15 days with a shelf life of 18, 17 and 16 days, respectively, at 25, 40 and 50 °C. This electrochemical aptasensor has the potential to be a Point of Care (POC) device for the clinical detection of SARS-CoV-2 because it can be tested on clinical samples of nasopharyngeal swabs and the results show its potential application to detect in clinical saliva samples.
Enhancement of Ozonation Reaction for Efficient Removal of Phenol from Wastewater Using a Packed Bubble Column Reactor Saja Abdulhadi Alattar; Khalid Ajmi Sukkar; May Ali Alsaffar
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 23, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.78271

Abstract

In the ozonation process, the phenol degradation in wastewater undergoes a low mass transfer mechanism. In this study, ozonized packed bubble column reactor was designed and constructed to remove phenol. The reactor’s inner diameter and height were 150 and 8 cm, respectively. The packing height was kept constant at 1 m in accordance with the reactor hydrodynamics. The gas distributor was designed with 55 holes of 0.5 mm. The phenol removal efficiency was evaluated at ozone concentrations of 10, 15, and 20 mg/L, contact times of 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, and 120 min, and phenol concentrations of 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 mg/L. The results indicated that the highest phenol removal efficiency of 100% was achieved at 30 min in presence of packing. Moreover, the use of packing improved the contact between the gas and liquid, which significantly enhanced the phenol degradation. Actually, a thin film over a packing surface enhances the mass transfer. Also, it was found that the phenol is degraded into CO2 and H2O through a series of reaction steps. Additionally, a kinetic study of a first-order reaction provided an efficient estimation of reaction parameters with a correlation factor of 0.997.
Fast Microwave-Assisted Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Low Concentration of Seminyak (Champeria sp.) Leaf Extract Muhammad Bagas Ananda; Fathan Aditya Sanjaya; Tami Bachrurozy; Helmi Majid Ar Rasyid; Anggraini Barlian; Akfiny Hasdi Aimon; Fitriyatul Qulub; Prihartini Widiyanti; Arie Wibowo
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 23, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.78545

Abstract

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are fascinating materials for biomedical applications thanks to their strong antibacterial activity and biocompatibility. This study applied the green synthesis method using 0.5 wt.% Seminyak leaf extract and assisted with one min microwave irradiation to enhance AgNPs formation. Extremely small sizes AgNPs with an average particle size of 9.1 ± 4.1 nm and spherical shapes were obtained. The synthesized AgNPs displayed potent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria with a zone of inhibition of 12.3 ± 0.1 and 13.7 ± 0.7 mm, respectively. The MTT assay results demonstrated that the cells’ viability of the obtained AgNPs was 88.5 ± 7.0 %, implying biocompatibility for biomedical applications.
Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) of Pt/C Standard in Different Electrolyte Solutions and Terbium(III) Monoporphyrinato Complex Atmanto Heru Wibowo; Annisa Nur Buana Wati; Anas Santria; Abu Masykur; Maulidan Firdaus
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 23, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.78807

Abstract

Electrocatalytic parameters of a Pt/C standard and a sample of terbium(III) monoporphyrinato were investigated in different solutions. N electron transfer, Tafel slope, Eonset, and overpotential of the catalyst of Pt/C in different solutions were calculated and analyzed using a rotating ring disk electrode (RRDE) in 0.5 M H2SO4, 0.1 M HClO4 and 0.1 M NaOH. In the RRDE measurements, a bipotentiostat at a potential range of 1.03 to 0.05 V vs RHE (Ering = 1.2 V vs RHE) with a scan rate of 5 mV/s and rotation rates of 200, 400, 900, 1600 and 2500 rpm was used. Hereafter, the test of terbium(III) monoporphyrinato compound formulated in [Tb(TPP)(cyclen)]Cl (TPP = 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrinato; cyclen = 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane) as a candidate material for ORR electrocatalyst was also done. The results showed that the measurement of Pt/C standards was satisfactory according to the literature for all parameters with the n electron transfer close to 4 in all electrolytes media. [Tb(TPP)(cyclen)]Cl had an n electron transfer value of 2.38, suggesting that the [Tb(TPP)(cyclen)]Cl compound has less potential for ORR catalysts.

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