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Published by Universitas Diponegoro

ISSN : 08520798 EISSN : 24075973 DOI : https://doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.xx.x.xx-xx

Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Control & Systems Engineering Energy Materials Science & Nanotechnology

Reaktor invites contributions of original and novel fundamental research. Reaktor publishes scientific study/ research papers, industrial problem solving related to Chemical Engineering field as well as review papers. The journal presents paper dealing with the topic related to Chemical Engineering including: Transport Phenomena and Chemical Engineering Operating Unit Chemical Reaction Technique, Chemical Kinetics, and Catalysis Designing, Modeling, and Process Optimization Energy and Conversion Technology Thermodynamics Process System Engineering and products Particulate and emulsion technologies Membrane Technology Material Development Food Technology and Bioprocess Waste Treatment Technology

Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik (Lain-Lain)

Articles 530 Documents

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THE UTILIZATION OF CHICKEN BONE FLOUR AS A SOURCE OF CALCIUM IN COOKIES MAKING Melanie Cornelia; Dhanny Prasetya Gozali
Reaktor Volume 18 No. 1 March 2018
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Chicken bone contained high calcium, but that utilization was very limited and mostly as a waste. Calcium was needed for humans, especially who were in period of growth. The purpose of this research was to utilize chicken bone flour as a source of calcium in cookies making. Cookies were food products that often consumed by people in Indonesia because easy to make and have a longer shelf life. The initial phase of this research was to find the best process of chicken bone flour from broiler chicken bone and kampong chicken bone as raw materials. The best chicken bone flour have high calcium content of 18061.12 mg/100 g, low fat content 13.79% and yield 34.63%. The formulation of cookies making were trial to add 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% of chicken bone flour into cookies. From scoring and hedonic test by panelists, cookies were made with additional 5% of chicken bone flour was more preferable. So the best formulation was cookies which has calcium content 464.03 mg/100 g, 26.58% fat, and hardness 1372.03 g/cm2. These cookies have characteristics and nutrients better than the cookies control. Keywords: cabinet drying; calcium; chicken bone; cookies; flour

Karakterisasi Produk Biomassa Seluler dalam Bioreaktor Membran pada Biodegradasi Zat Warna Azo Remazol Black 5 Puti Sri Komala; Yommi Dewilda; M Zulfan; Zilvia Wulandari
Reaktor Volume 15 No.3 April 2015
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Dalam penelitian ini telah dilakukan karakterisasi produk biomassa seluler dalam bioreaktor membran (BRM) anoksik-oksik pada biodegradasi zat warna Azo Remazol Black 5 (RB 5) pada umur lumpur rendah. BRM terdiri dari tangki anoksik, kontak, dan stabilisasi serta membran eksternal polysulfone yang diletakkan di antara tangki kontak dan stabilisasi. Umpan yang digunakan adalah campuran zat warna RB 5 dengan konsentrasi 120 mg/L dan ko-substrat limbah tempe dengan COD berkisar antara 2.080-2.400 mg/L. Dengan kombinasi waktu filtrasi dan backwash 1 jam dan 1 menit, BRM dapat beroperasi selama hampir 50 hari dengan fluks rata-rata 9 lmj dan tekanan 0,8 – 2 bar. Komponen seluler masing-masing tangki dilakukan diukur sebagai parameter material polimer ekstraseluler (EPS) dan produk mikrobial terlarut (SMP). Efisiensi penyisihan warna pada berkisar antara 66%- 77%, sedangkan penyisihan COD berkisar pada 44%-50%. Perpindahan biomassa antar tangki yang tidak sempurna diperkirakan telah menurunkan kinerja penyisihan senyawa organik BRM. Kandungan karbohidrat pada SMP maupun EPS masing-masing tangki nilainya lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kadar protein. Karbohidrat yang berasal dari umpan merupakan penyebab utama fouling dibandingkan protein. Konsentrasi EPS yang tinggi terdapat pada tangki stabilisasi akibat transfer oksigen yang buruk dalam struktur biofilm setelah melewati membran. Kata kunci: Bioreaktor Membran (BRM) anoksik-oksik, material polimer ekstraseluler (EPS), produk mikrobial terlarut (SMP), umur lumpur (SRT), zat warna azo Remazol Black 5 Characterization of Cellular Biomass Products in Membrane Bioreactor on Azo Dye Remazol Black 5 Biodegradation Abstract In this study characterization of cellular biomass products in anoxic-oxic membrane bioreactor (MBR) on azo dye Remazol Black 5 (RB 5) biodegradation in the low solid retention time was carried out. The MBR consists of anoxic, contacts, and stabilization tank of 4, 2 and 4 hours respectively, and was equipped with an external polysulfone membrane which placed between the contact and the stabilization tanks. Feed was the mixture of azo dye RB 5 with a concentration of 120 mg/L and co-substrate tempe industrial wastewater with COD ranging between 2.080-2.400 mg / L. With a combination of filtration and backwash time of 1 hour and 1 minute, the MBR was operated for 50 days with an average flux 9 lmh and pressures of 0.8 to 2 bar. Cellular components of each tank was measured as a parameter performed extracellular polymeric material (EPS) and soluble microbial products (SMP). The color removal efficiency was in range of 66%- 77%, while COD removal efficieny i.e. 44%-50%. Unfavorable biomass transfer between tanks may decreased the organics removal efficiencies of MBR. The carbohydrates content of the SMP and EPS from each tank was higher than that of the the protein content. Carbohydrates coming from the feed, seem the main cause of the fouling compared to proteins. The high concentration of the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) was in the stabilization tank due to poor oxygen transfer within the biofilm structure after passing through the membrane.

Effect Of Sparging In Microalgae (Dunaliella Tertiolecta) Cuture Using Bubble Column Hadiyanto Hadiyanto; M. Barbosa; R. Wijffels
Reaktor Volume 6 No. 2 Desember 2002
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Microalgae as a photosynthetic microorganism that contain chlorophyll has high potential to produce novel high value compounds that can be used in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. With lack of rigid cell wall, microalgae susceptible to have hydrodynamic stress by increasing aeration rate. Increasing gas flow rate will increase the productivity to optimum condition, but after this condition the productivity will decrease due to cell disruption. In this research has been focused on effect of sparging on microalgae cell damage. Sparging experiment was carried out by varying gas flow rate between 0.59 to 5.13 L.min-1 with a sparger made from needle inserted to a piece of silicon. The needle was used with diameter 0.4 to 1.2 mm and 1-9 needles. With this variables resulted gas entrance velocity between 2.56-104 m.s-1. The cell death rate constant (kd) was calculated by loss of cell viability in time using Coulter counter and Flowcytometer. From the experiments resulted gas entrance velocity was main cause for cell damagae. The small bubble was more detrimental than bigger size of bubble. Bubble rising as like in animal cell culture was no effect to detrimental cell.Keywords : D. tertiolecta, cell death rate constant, gas entrance velocity

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYIMIDE-ZEOLITE MIXED MATRIX MEMBRANE Budiyono Budiyono; Tutuk Djoko Kusworo; Ahmad Fauzi Ismail; I Nyoman Widiasa; Seno Johari; Sunarso Sunarso
Reaktor Volume 12, Nomor 4, Desember 2009
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Biogas has become an attractive alternative energy source due to the limitation of energy from fossil. In this study, a new type of mixed matrix membrane (MMM) consisting of polyimide-zeolite was synthesized and characterized for biogas purification. The MMM consists of medium concentration of polymer (20% wt polyimide), 80% N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and 25% zeolite 4A in total solid were prepared by a dry/wet phase inversion technique. The fabricated MMM was characterized using SEM, DSC, TGA and gas permeation. Post treatment coating procedure was also conducted. The research showed that surface coating by 3% silicone rubber toward MMM PI 20% gave the significant effect to improve membrane selectivity. The ideal selectivity for CO2/CH4 separation increased from 0.99 for before coating to 7.9 after coating for PI-Zeolite MMM, respectively. The results suggest that PI-Zeolite MMM with good post treatment procedure will increase the membrane selectivity and permeability with more saver polymer requirement as well as energy saving due to low energy for mixing.

Back Matter Reaktor Vol 15 No. 4 Oktober 2015 Widayat, W
Reaktor Volume 15 No.4 Oktober 2015
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Demulsifier Selection Based On The Evaluation Of Demulsification Performance Indicators B. Pramudono; H. B. Mat
Reaktor Volume 09 No.1 Juni 2005
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

A method for characterizing and selecting demulsifiers has been developed. The development was based on either the relationships between the demulsification parameters and demulsifier performance or demulsifier characteristics and demulsifier performance. The importance of each of these parameters to performance was discussed. The result was eight demulsification performance indicators consisting of the percentage of water separation, percentage of oil separation, demulsification efficiency, demulsification effectiveness, partition coefficient, interfacial pressure, interfacial activity, and Hydrophilic Balance (HLB). Quantification of the indicators conducted by determination of the performance indexes for each indicator. It was obtained from the condition that the demulsifier exhibits good performance. Additionally, the study found a correlation between the parameters it self. The demulsifier effectiveness as well as the interfacial pressure reaches a maximum value when the partition coefficient closed unity. Increasing of the interfacial pressure, in consequence, will increase both the demulsifier effectiveness and interfacial activity. The effect of both the HLB and molecular weight on the percentage of separation indicates a weak correlation.Keywords :A method for characterizing and selecting demulsifiers has been developed. The development was based on either the relationships between the demulsification parameters and demulsifier performance or demulsifier characteristics and demulsifier performance. The importance of each of these parameters to performance was discussed. The result was eight demulsification performance indicators consisting of the percentage of water separation, percentage of oil separation, demulsification efficiency, demulsification effectiveness, partition coefficient, interfacial pressure, interfacial activity, and Hydrophilic Balance (HLB). Quantification of the indicators conducted by determination of the performance indexes for each indicator. It was obtained from the condition that the demulsifier exhibits good performance. Additionally, the study found a correlation between the parameters it self. The demulsifier effectiveness as well as the interfacial pressure reaches a maximum value when the partition coefficient closed unity. Increasing of the interfacial pressure, in consequence, will increase both the demulsifier effectiveness and interfacial activity. The effect of both the HLB and molecular weight on the percentage of separation indicates a weak correlation.Keywords : Chemical demulsifier, demulsifier performance, demulsification parameters, performance index

PENGNARUH SENSITIVITAS PARAMETER OPERASI TERHADAP TERJADINYA REAKSI RUNAWAY PADA OKSIDASI METANOL MENJADI FORMALDEHID Luqman Buchori; Suherman Suherman
Reaktor Volume 10 No. 1 Juni 2006
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.10.1.1-8

Formaldehida sebagai senyawa aldehida memiliki keistimewaan yaitu dapat bereaksi dengan hampir semua senyawa organik maupun anorganik sehingga formaldehida amat luas penggunaannya dalam industri yang ada. Reaksi oksidasi metanol menjadi formaldehida banyak dilakukan dalam reaktor anggun tetap. Dalam pengoperasiannya, di dalam reaktor ini sering dijumpai adanya fenomena yang sangat komplikatif dan mengganggu jalannya operasi yaitu distribusi aliran tidak merata (flow maldistribution) dan panas terlokalisir (hot spot). Kedua fenomena ini sangat berbahaya karena dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya reaksi "runaway", yakni terjadinya kenaikan temperatur dan tekanan reaktor yang sangat hebat secara mendadak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui distribusi temperatur sepanjang reaktor unggun tetap akibat pengaruh variabel operasi serta mempelajari pengaruh sensitivitas parameter operasi tehadap terjadinya reaksi runaway. Penelitian dilakukan dengan percobaan pengamatan distribusi tempeatur pusat reaktor secara aksial dan pemodelan untuk mengetahui kapan terjadinya reaksi runaway. berdasarkan hasil percobaan, pada temperatur umpan mendekati temperatur reaksi, semakin besar laju alir massa umpan total maka suhu yang teramati semakin besar pula. Demikian pula pada pengaruh umpan, semakin besar tempperatur umpan maka temperatur keluaran reaktor juga semakin besar. Hasil penyepakatan secara umum menunjukkan pendekatan yang bagus dengan hasil eksperimen. Reaksi runaway terjadi pada hasil simulasi dimana parameter operasi yang berpengaruh adalah fraksi metanol. dalam penelitian ini direkomendasikan bahwa fraksi methanol dalam umpan tidak boleh lebih dari 0,1.

PENGARUH JUMLAH DAN PANJANG BAFEL TERHADAP DIFUSI EDDY PADA SIEVE TRAY H. Soekarno; L. Pudjiastuti; R. Handogo
Reaktor Volume 08 No.2 Desember 2004
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Penelitian yang mengkaji jumlah dan panjang Baffle T-By pada sieve tray untuk mengurangi difusi eddy telah dilakukan. Berkurangnya difusi eddy dapat dilihat dari naiknya harga Peclet Number yang mempunyai korelasi dengan efisiensi tray. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan sebuah tray testing simulator, pada kemiringan bafel tertentu, dengan memvariasi panjang bafel, maka semakin besar Paclet Number. Pada kenaikan jumlah bafel, menunjukkan Paclet Numer cenderung naik. Tetapi setelah mencapai jumlah bafel tertentu, maka Paclet Number turun. Harga Pe yang diperoleh menggambarkan bahwa liquid berada dalam keadaan hampir disperse dan konversi. Sedangkan laju alir air dan faktor-F kecil pengaruhnya terhadap Peclet Number. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Pe tertinggi yang bias dicapai adalah 14, pada n= 7, Y= 8 cm, faktor-F = 1,994 (m/det)(kg/m3)0,5, laju alir air (Q) = 0,311 l/det, dan panjang bafel (X) =90%L. Kata kunci : bafel, difusi eddy, Peclet Number, sieve tray

KINETIKA REAKSI PADA PROSES PRODUKSI DIETIL ETER DARI ETANOL DENGAN KATALIS H-ZEOLIT Widayat Widayat; Achmad Roesyadi; Muhammad Rachimoellah
Reaktor Volume 14, Nomor 2, Oktober 2012
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

DiEtil Eter diproduksi dari etanol dengan proses dehidrasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmempelajari kinetika reaksi proses dehidrasi etanol dengan katalis H-zeolit. Katalis H-zeolitdisintesis dengan proses dealuminasi dan kalsinasi dan impregnasi dengan logam Al dan prosesreduksi dan kalsinasi. Proses produksi DiEtil Eter dilaksanakan dengan proses adsorpsi dan reaksikatalitik sedangkan proses studi kinetika reaksi menggunakan pendekatan Langmuir-Hinshelwood.Proses analisis kinetika reaksi menggunakan perangkat lunak MATLAB. Model kinetika reaksi prosesdehidrasi etanol menjadi DiEtil Eter dan etilen dengan katalis H-zeolit pada konsentrasi umpanetanol 85-95% dan rentang temperatur 140-240oC, dimana reaksi permukaan yang mengontrol reaksiglobal adalahDiEthyl Ether is produced by using ethanol dehydrationprocess. The objective of this research was to study the reaction kinetic of ethanol dehydrationprocess by H-zeolite catalyst from natural zeolite. The H-zeolite catalyst was prepared bydealumination, calcination, impregnation with Al and reduction processes. DiEthyl Ether productionwas produced by using adsorption-catalytic reaction. The kinetic study was did with MATLABsoftware. Kinetic model of ethanol dehydration processes into DiEthyl Ether and ethylene with Hzeolitecatalyst and ethanol feed concentration among 85-95% and temperature between 140-240oCunder surface reaction is shown by

Uji Kinerja Burner dan Tabung Reaktor Flame Untuk Proses Spray Pyrolysis Darmawan Hidayat; Ganjar Nurohman; S Setianto; Bambang Mukti Wibawa; Nendi Suhendi
Reaktor Volume 17 No. 2 Juni 2017
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Abstract PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF BURNER AND THE REACTOR TUBE OF FLAME FOR A SPRAY PYROLYSIS PROCESS. Flame spray pyrolysis is a versatile process in the syntheses of various functional materials. This work reports the performance of a diffusion flame built from a coaxial burner and a Pyrex-glass tube reactor with respect to the relatively low propane flow rates (0.1-0.8 L/min). The burner comprised of three cylindrically tubes with three inlets for fuel (propane), oxidant (oxygen) and precursor aerosol. Three flame parameters were measured, i.e. the flame height, flame temperature and reactor temperature profile, respectively. The test results showed the increase of the flame height and temperature with increasing of propane flow rate. The temperature profile measurements showed the decreasing as the height above burner increased; and temperature profile increased at the increasing propane flow rate. The reactor temperature was in the range of 36-190°C at low propane flow rates of 0.1-0.8 L/min. In conclusion, control of flame process parameters could be conducted by controlling of propane flow rate. Keywords: diffusion flame burner; spray pyrolysis; flame reactor; electronic material syntheses Abstrak Pirolisis flame spray merupakan proses yang banyak digunakan untuk keperluan sintesis bahan-bahan fungsional. Makalah ini melaporkan kinerja sebuah reaktor flame difusi yang dibangun dari sebuah pembakar (burner) dan tabung reaktor silinder. Pembakar dibangun dari tiga buah silinder stainless steel yang dipasang koaksial sebagai saluran bahan bakar propana, oksidator oksigen dan aerosol prekursor. Tiga parameter proses flame yang diuji adalah tinggi flame, temperatur flame dan profil temperatur tabung reaktor. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa seiring kenaikan laju alir propana, tinggi dan temperatur flame meningkat. Pengukuran profil temperatur menunjukkan penurunan seiring kenaikan posisi dari ujung-atas pembakar; dan temperatur profil reaktor meningkat seiring dengan kenaikan laju alir propana. Temperatur reaktor berkisar 36-190°C pada laju alir propana rendah 0,1-0,8 L/min. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengontrolan parameter-parameter proses flame dapat dilakukan dengan pengaturan laju alir propana. Kata kunci: diffusion flame burner; proses spray pyrolysis; reaktor flame; sintesis bahan elektronik

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Contact Name
Dessy Ariyanti

Contact Email
dessy.ariyanti@che.undip.ac.id

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+62247460058

Journal Mail Official
j.reaktor@che.undip.ac.id

Editorial Address
Department of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University Jl. Prof. Soedarto SH Tembalang Semarang 50275

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Kota semarang,

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INDONESIA