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Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education
Published by Universitas Negeri Semarang
ISSN : 2085191X     EISSN : 23387610     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Biosaintifika Journal of Biology & Biology Education, an electronic international journal, provides a forum for publishing the original research articles, review articles from contributors, and the novel technology news related to biological research and biological education.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,068 Documents
 71   72   73   74   75 
The Effect of Hot Water Treatment and Dose Trichoderma sp. to Plant Tissue of Seedling Growth from Bud Chips of Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) Haryuni -
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 7, No 1 (2015): March 2015
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v7i1.3534

Abstract

Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) is a high-value economical crops, only grows in tropical climates of Java and parts of Sumatra. Ratoon stunting disease (RSD) is a vascular disease in sugarcane which its visual symptoms is difficult to detect. The disease has spread across the sugarcane plantations in Indonesia with the percentage of attacks 10-100%.  The use of buds chips treatment of seedling plant is an act of reducing pathogen development. The research effect of hot water treatment / HWT (0, 30, 60, and 90 min) and dose application of Trichoderma sp. (0, 25, and 50 g) using 864 varieties, is designed with a completely randomized factorial design. The results showed that Trichoderma sp. able to infect the roots and stems of seedling age 3 months, part of plant tissue increase of protein  and proline content,  decrease of glucose content  so that increase resistance and health in the growth of sugarcane seedling before planting in the land.Tanaman tebu (Saccharum officinarum) adalah tanaman yang bernilai ekonomi tinggi, hanya tumbuh di daerah beriklim tropis terutama di Jawa dan sebagian Sumatra. Penyakit ratoon stunting disease (RSD) merupakan penyakit pembuluh pada tebu yang sulit dideteksi gejala visualnya. Penyakit tersebut telah tersebar di seluruh pertanaman tebu di Indonesia dengan presentase serangan mencapai 10-100%. Penggunaan bahan tanam benih asal mata tunas (bud chip) dapat mengurangi perkembangan patogen. Penelitian pengaruh waktu perendaman air panas (0, 30, 60, dan 90 menit) dan aplikasi dosis jamur Trichoderma sp (0, 25, dan 50 g) terhadap pertumbuhan benih tebu klon 864, dirancang dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap faktorial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jamur Trichoderma sp mampu menginfeksi bagian akar dan batang benih umur 3 bulan, pada bagian jaringan tanaman terjadi peningkatan kadar protein dan prolin serta penurunan kadar glukosa sehingga meningkatkan ketahanan dan kesehatan pada pertumbuhan awal benih tebu sebelum ditanam di lahan.
Ascaris suum Cuticle Ultrastructure Due to the In Vitro Application of Ethanol Extract to Fruits Musa x paradisiaca L. ‘Pisang Ambon’ Dwi Haryatmi; Okid Parama Astirin; Tetri Widiyani
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 10, No 1 (2018): April 2018
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v10i1.11918

Abstract

Species of Musa have various activities, one of which is anthelmintic activity. Part of banana plants that can be used as anthelmintic is part of the fruit, because of the phytochemical content possessed. Tannin is able to inhibit the enzyme cholinesterase, damage the membrane of the worm and can precipitate the protein.  The purpose of this research is to know the content of tannin and also total tannin level on ethanol extract of Musa x paradisiaca L. ‘Pisang Ambon’ and in vitro effect of the extract on Ascaris suum cuticle.  Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) showed of ethanol extract of Ambon banana containing tannin with a total test of tannin was 54.98% w/w. In vitro at negative control (NaCl 0.9%) worm death occurred at 289 hours, positive control (pyrantel pamoate 5 mg/ml) at 1 hour, extract concentration 200 mg/ml at hour 27 and concentration 400 mg/ml at 1 hour. Histopathological examination and scanning electron microscope showed a degenerative change in ultrastructures of the worm's cuticle. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that exposure of ethanol extract to Ambon banana give a damaging effect to cuticle ultrastructure in the form of crack/break, perforation and separation of muscular from cuticle and edema on A. suum worm. High tannin content in the raw/green ambon banana, can be developed to eradicate ascariasis including egg stage which until now cannot be done with synthetic drugs due to the thickness and strength of layers of worm eggs consisting of layers of protein and lipids.
Immune Responses of Wistar Rat (Rattus novergicus) on Adduction of Humid Acid from Borneo Peat Soil Diah Wulandari Rousdy; Rahmawati Rahmawati; Rikhsan Kurniatuhadi
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 8, No 3 (2016): December 2016
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v8i3.7499

Abstract

Peat soil is a type of soil that dominates the island of Borneo. Typical compounds in peat soil is humic acid. Various in vitro studies performed have shown peat subtropical humic compounds can stimulate the immune system. However, in vivo study on animal has not been done. This study aimed to determine the effect of humic acid extracted from peat soil of Borneo against the immune system, both of non-specific and specific immunity Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus). Research using a completely randomized design with five treatments and five replicates, the normal controls, a positive control (isoprinosine), humic acid 125; 250; 500 mg/kg. Humic acid was administered orally for 10 days. The results showed humic acid adduction did not significantly affect levels of hemoglobin, erythrocytes and hematocrit. Humic acid adduction of 125 mg/kg significantly affects the total leukocyte count and differential leukocyte. Humic acid 125 mg/kg also showed increased phagocytic index better than normal controls. All humic acid treatments do not provide a significant effect on the total amount of antibody. The results of this study can be used for the development of Borneo tropical peat resources as natural imunostimulant.How to CiteRousdy, D. W., Rahmawati, R. Kurniatuhadi, R. (2016). Immune Responses of Wistar Rat (Rattus novergicus) on Adduction of Humid Acid from Borneo Peat Soil. Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology Biology Education, 8(3), 401-406. 
Flowers and Value of Conservation in The Culture of Hindu Community in Bali I Dewa Putu Darma; Sutomo Sutomo; Siti Fatimah Hanum; Rajif Iryadi; Ayyu Rahayu
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 13, No 1 (2021): April 2021
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v13i1.27054

Abstract

Balinese Hindu community cannot be separated from plant in their life. The information on plant species and how to utilize them are easy to find but limited information about the potency of flowers in the Balinese Hindu community. Flowers have a meaning as sincerity, a symbol of Sang Hyang Widhi, the valour, and also have mythological values. This research aimed to determine the species of flowering plants that are often used for ceremonial and understand the meaning, the cultural conception related to conservation education. The study was carried out in four locations in Tabanan Regency (Baturiti, Penebel, Marga, and Tabanan). Data were collected using an interview with purposive sampling. Data analysis based on the value of Relative Frequency (FR) which is indicated plant most widely used.  A total of 36 species of flowers are used in traditional Hindu religious ceremonies, of which 29 species are cultivated plants and 7 species are still wild. There are ten of plants which have high FR value, such as: Cananga odorata (FR 0.069), Impatiens balsamina (FR 0.069), Hydrangea macrophylla (FR 0.069), Plumeria acuminata (FR 0.069), Tagetes erecta (FR 0.069), Magnolia champaca (FR 0.069), Gomphrena globosa / bunga ratna (FR 0.047), Gardenia jasminoides / jempiring (FR 0.039), Nymphaea spp./ tunjung (FR 0.030), and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L./ pucuk (FR 0.030). This research revealed the role of flower in Hindu ceremony and describe the strategic plant conservation due to culture of Balinese Hindu community. Finally, this research expected to documented local knowledge about flowers used as Hindu religious ceremonies, to provide an understanding of the meaning and conceptions of culture related to conservation education.
Ethnobotany of Balimo (Zanthoxylum nitidum) in the Kanayatn Dayak Community in Tapakng, West Kalimantan Letus Sepsamli; Jumari Jumari; Erma Prihastanti
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 11, No 3 (2019): December 2019
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v11i3.20688

Abstract

The Kanayatn Dayak in Tapakng Village has a local culture of using balimo plants for traditional medicine. Balimo is a plant, it has an important meaning in traditional medicine by the Kanayatn Dayak community in Tapakng Village. This study aimed to examine the ethnobotanical knowledge of balimo plants and their advantage among the Kanayatn Dayak  community in Tapakng Village. The research method with observation and deep interview and also semi-structured interview. Deep interviews was conducted with four key informants and the semi-structured interview was conducted with 60 respondents. The results showed that, the local people had a traditional treatment system to solve the disease problems. Balimo plants are used as a prevention of alcohol intoxication due to drinking arak and treatment of coughs (dry cough and bloody cough or (hemoptysis). The use of balimo as a prevention of intoxication has an important role because it is related to the Dayak Indigenous rituals. The level of ethnobotanical knowledge of local people showed that, 100% have heard about the balimo, 92% have seen balimo, and 55% have used it. This research provided information to the public about balimo that can be used in medication. Information on the utilization of balimo gives awareness to the people, the population of balimo really needs to be maintained in nature from extinction.
Effect of Red Fruit Oil on Ovarian Follicles Development in Rat Exposed to Cigarette Smoke Isrotun Ngesti Utami; Enny Yusuf Yuniwarti; Tyas Rini Saraswati
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 10, No 2 (2018): August 2018
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v10i2.13236

Abstract

Red fruit oil (Pandanus conoideus Lam) contains active substances in the form of alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene and unsaturated fatty acids that can potentially be antioxidants. This study aims to examine the effect of red fruit oil (Pandanus conoideus) on the development of ovarian follicles of rat exposed to cigarette smoke, (in increasing the number of primary follicles, secondary follicles, tertiary follicles and ovarian weight). This study used Completely Randomized Design with 20 female rats (3 months old) divided into 4 treatment groups: P0 (Positive control), P1 (negative control of exposure to cigarette smoke for 8 days), P2 (exposure to cigarette smoke for 8 days + 0.1 ml red fruit oil) and P3 (exposure of cigarette smoke for 8 days + 0.2 ml red fruit oil) with 5 time repetition and 28 days red fruit treatment for the research parameters were the number of primary follicles, secondary follicles, tertiary follicles and ovarian weight. The data obtained were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with 95% confidence level (P 0.05). The results showed that the administration of red fruit oil at doses of 0.1 ml and 0.2 ml was not significantly affecting (P 0.05) the number of primary follicles, secondary follicles, tertiary follicles and ovarian weight, so it can be conclusion that the administration of red fruit oil at a dose of 0.1 ml and 0.2 ml cannot increase the number of primary follicles, secondary follicles, tertiary follicles and ovarian weight in rat exposed to cigarette smoke.
PERTUMBUHAN KALUS DAUN DEWA [Gynura procumbens (Lour) Merr.] DENGAN KOMBINASI 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID DAN KINETIN SECARA INVITRO Samkhatin Khaniyah; Noor Aini Habibah; Sumadi -
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 4, No 2 (2012): September 2012
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v4i2.2274

Abstract

Tanaman daun dewa [Gynura procumbens (Lour) Merr.] berguna untuk menurunkan kadar kolesterol darah, mengobati diabetes, tumor, dan sebagai obat anti kanker. Daun dewa mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder yaitu flavonoid, saponin, dan minyak atsiri. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya kultur in vitro yang diharapkan mampu meningkatkan jumlah metabolit sekunder, maka perlu dilakukan penelitian tentang induksi kalusdengan penambahan kombinasi 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid dan kinetin yang tepat dapat digunakan untuk menginduksi kalus daun dewa. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengkaji pengaruh konsentrasi 2,4-D dan Kinetin serta interaksi keduanya terhadap induksi kalus daun dewa. Analisis menggunakan anava dua arah dan uji lanjut Duncan. Parameter yang diamati adalah parameter persentase eksplan yang hidup, persentase berkalus, berat basah, kering kalus, serta tekstur dan warna kalus . Dari Uji Jarak Berganda Duncan diperoleh hasil tertinggi pada konsentrasi 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 0.5 ppm dan konsentrasi kinetin 1 ppm sebesar 33.33% pada parameter persentase berkalus.Daun dewa [Gynura procumbens (Lour). Merr.] plant can be used to lower the blood cholesterol levels, to treat diabetes and tumors, and may be used as an anti-cancer drug. Daun dewa plant produces of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, saponins, and essential oils. An in vitro culture is a necessity to increase the quantity of secondary metabolites using callus induction with the addition of a combination of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and kinetin to induce daun dewa callus. The research will ecamine the influence of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and Kinetin in various concentrations and their interaction on callus induction of daun dewa. Data were analyzed using advanced two-way anova and Duncan test. The test showed that the highest yeield was obtained from the combination of 0.5 ppm 2,4-D and 1 ppm kinetin, where 33.33% of plants had callus.
Molecular Identification of Endophytic Fungi from Bark of Raru (Cotylelobium melanoxylon) that Produce the Antibacterial Compounds Uswatun Hasanah; Riwayati Riwayati; Idramsa Idramsa; Eko Prasetya
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 9, No 3 (2017): December 2017
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v9i3.9424

Abstract

The Dipterocarpaceae plant, raru (Cotylelobium melanoxylon) is widespread in Southeast Asia. The bark of raru has been used by local communities in North Sumatera as antidiarrheal drugs due to its antibacterial compounds. The antibacterial activity of the raru’s bark is induced by endophytic fungi that live in the region of the bark. This study aimed to identify the endophytic fungi-producer of antibacterial compounds in the bark of raru (C. melanoxylon) by means of molecular analysis. In general, endophytic fungi have the ability to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria. Thirty-eight isolates of endophytic fungi were isolated from the bark of raru. Selection of isolates for antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 35218 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 used the dual culture assay. Selection using the dual culture assay yielded 6 endophytic fungal isolates that have the ability to inhibit the growth of test bacteria. EF10A sample was the most powerful isolate inhibiting the growth of both bacteria test. Those six bacteria molecularly identified used a sequence generated from ITS rDNA region. Based on rDNA ITS region sequences, isolate, the producers of the antibacterial compound were identified as Talaromyces cellulolyticus, Penicillium purpurogenum, Aspergillus sp., Trichoderma harzianum, and Aspergillus orizae. The results of this study can be used by researchers to explore more potential endophytic fungi in raru plants (C. melanoxylon) as a source of medicine. The data obtained need to be supported by further research to isolate the bioactive compounds that can inhibit the growth of microbial pathogens.
Impact of Distance from the Forest Edge on The Wild Bee Diversity on the Northern Slope of Mount Slamet Imam Widhiono; Eming Sudiana
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 8, No 2 (2016): September 2016
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v8i2.5058

Abstract

In agricultural landscape in northern slope of Mount Slamet, diversity of wild bee species as pollinator depend on forested habitats. This study aimed to assess the effects of distance from the forest edge on the diversity of wild bees on strawberry and tomato crops. This study was conducted from July 2014 to October 2014. The experimental fields contained tomato and strawberry with a total area of 4 ha (2 ha each) and divided into five plots based on distance from the forest edge (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 m). Wild bee was catched with  kite netting  in 7.00 -9.00 in ten consecutive days. Wild bee diversity differed according to distance from the forest edge, the highest value was at 0 m for strawberry plots (H’ = 2.008, E = 0.72 and Chao1= 16) and for tomato plots, the highest diversity was at 50 m from the forest edge (H’ = 2.298, E = 0.95 and Chao1= 11) and the lowest was at 200 m in both plots. Wild bee species richness and abundance decreased with distance, resulting in the minimum diversity and abundance of wild bee at 200 m from forest edge in both crops. How to CiteWidhiono, I., Sudiana, E. (2016). Impact of Distance from the Forest Edge on The Wild Bee Diversity on the Northern Slope of Mount Slamet. Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology Biology Education, 8(2), 148-154.
Distribution of the Termite Reproductive Castes in Gunungpati, Semarang, Central Java Niken Subekti; Saniaturrohmah Saniaturrohmah
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 12, No 2 (2020): August 2020
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v12i2.25391

Abstract

Soil termites play a role as  a primary decomposer in natural forests. These types of termites can   be turned into residential pests as more land use to be plantations, housing, and buildings. This study analyzed the distribution of subterranean termites' reproductive caste, its identification, and environmental factors that influence the development of subterranean termites. The research methods used include distribution analysis using UV flying traps, surveys using  GPS, identification of reproductive castes, and environmental factors including  soil  nutrients,  vegetation analysis, temperature, soil moisture, air humidity, and wind speed. The results showed that the distribution of termites is found throughout the Gunungpati Semarang area. The identification of reproductive caste/alates found was Termitidae. Environmental  factors  that  affect the life of termites in the Gunungpati Semarang area December 2019-January 2020 include the temperature of 27.0-28.4 oC, the humidity of 60.2 -61.2 %, air pressure 950.5-975.0 hPa, soil pH 4.84 - 5.60 and soil moisture 29.7-34.0 %. The vegetation was dominated by the Apocynaceae, Sapindaceae, and  Euphorbiaceae. The highest value of diversity and vegetation index sequentially are Sekaran, Patemon, and Ngijo. It is found that the entire Gunungpati area of Semarang is a suitable habitat  for the growth and development of the Termitidae. The finding will help the authoritative institution to consider Gunungpati as a conservation area.

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