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Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research

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Published by Universitas Padjadjaran

ISSN : 25277332 EISSN : 26140020 DOI : -

Core Subject : Health,

Medicine & Pharmacology

Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research (PCPR) is an international, peer-reviewed journal, publishing original research, review, case reports, and commentaries on all aspects of pharmacology and clinical pharmacy. The journal aims to contribute to the scientific committee by publishing the high quality articles. It is published 3 times a year to provide a forum for pharmacologists, pharmacists, and other healthcare professionals to share best practice, encouraging networking, and a more collaborative approach in pharmacology and clinical pharmacy.

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 207 Documents

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Sterility Status of Reusable Medical Instruments at Public Hospital in Bandung Hegandari S. Rahayu; Pudjiastuti Kartidjo
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 1, No 1
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Hospital-acquired infection has become serious issue during previous decades. In Indonesia, the prevalence of nosocomial infection reached almost 10% of total patients encounter. The objective of this study was to investigate the sterility status of 160 sets of re-used instruments in three intermediate care rooms, including High Care Cardiac Unit (HCCU), Neosurgical Critical Care Unit (NCCU) and Burn Care Unit (BCU) of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital and analyzed whether there was association between time and storage condition towards sterility status. All tested instruments were sterilized in Central Sterile Supply Department (CSSD) of the hospital and distributed to those intermediate care rooms. Observations and microbiology assays were carried out for four weeks. We found that the worst contamination was found in BCU room with 2.50% bacterial infection in week I, II and III, and 4.375% of fungal infection in week I, II and IV. The best sterility status of reusable instruments was found in CSSD, followed by NCCU, and HCCU. Time and storage condition influenced fungal contamination, while these factors did not associated with the bacterial contamination. In conclusion, sterility status of reusable medical instruments was relatively satisfactory, but there was still room for improvement, particularly at burn care facilities.Keywords: hospital-acquired infections, hospital, nosocomial, sterility

Local Hemostatic Activity of Psidium guajava Leaves in Swiss Webster Mice Cszahreyloren Vitamia; Angga Saputra
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 2, No 3
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Psidium guajava (P. guajava) leaves have been empirically used to stop bleeding. Tannin, one of this plant’s secondary metabolites, may contribute to this activity. However, information regarding its pharmacologicy activity was limited. Therefore, this study was performed to evaluate local hemostatic activity of P. guajava leaves. This study used Duke method with male Swiss Webster mice as test animals. The animals were grouped into three i.e., negative control (distilled water), positive control (epinephrin), and P. guajava group. Its tail was cut (2-3 mm) and the bleeding time was calculated. Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal-Wallis test and continued with Least Significant Different (LSD) test. The mean (SD) of bleeding time for those groups were 246.00 (22.95), 72.40 (5.55), and 88.40 (7.03), respectively. There was a significant difference between the negative control group with the other two groups, but there was not significant difference between the positive control group and the P. guajava group. In conclusion, P. guajava showed promising local hemostatic activity and can be further developed as potential hemostatic agents. Keywords: Psidium guajava, hemostatic, bleeding time

Consumption Time of Captopril Influenced the Outcomes of Patients with Stage 1 Hypertension Sulastri Herdaningsih; Ahmad Muhtadi; Keri Lestari
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 2, No 1
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Differences in drugs consumption time may affect its absorption and metabolism in the bodywhich could lead to differences in its efficacy. For hypertension patients, one of the mostfrequently used drugs for lowering blood is captopril. However, information regarding theinfluence of consumption time on captopril efficacy was limited. Therefore, this study wasconducted to compare the efficacy of captopril in lowering blood pressure when administeredbefore and after meal. This was an experimental study with two treatment groups,conducted at Dr. Soedarso General Hospital, Pontianak, Indonesia, during April-June 2015.Statistical analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney, Exact-Fisher, and T-test. We foundout that the reduction of systolic blood pressure in group who consumed captopril beforeand after meal was 30 mmHg and 25 mmHg, respectively (p<0.05). The similar reduction indiastolic bloos pressure was observed in both groups (10 mmHg, p>0.05). In conclusion, itis recommended to take captopril on an empty stomach since it showed better efficacy whenadministered before meal compared to after meal consumption.Keywords: hypertension, captopril, absorption

Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Selenium Level in Plasma Sarmmila Kanakarajah; Nanny N. N. M. Soetedjo; Ronny Lesmana
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 1, No 2
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Moderate and high aerobic exercises are the activities that can induce high oxidant. Demandof endogen and exogen antioxidant for neutralizing oxidant induced by exercise will playimportant role in maintaining body performance. Microtrace elements, such as selenium,may able to balance high oxidant formation. However, limited research and data have beencollected with regards to the exercise and selenium. Therefore, this research was conductedto investigate the effect of aerobic exercise on selenium level in plasma. An analytic studywith experimental method of data collection was performed from October -November 2016.17 male students with the age between 19-25 years old and without medically compromiseddisease from Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, were selected as subjects. Blood sampleswere taken pre- and post-aerobic exercise, i.e., brisk walking with the intensity of 4.5 mi/h.Selenium level in plasma was then examined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)kit as selenium binding protein (SELENBP1). This study found that 11 (65%) subjectshad a decrease in their selenium plasma after exercise (3.1 ± 2.58 ng/ml), 5 (29%) subjectshad an increase in their selenium plasma after exercise (2.08 ± 2.8 ng/ml) and 1 (6%) subjecthad unchanged selenium (SELENBP1) plasma (1.4 ± 1.4 ng/ml) level. Effect of aerobicexercise on selenium level in plasma varied among individuals.Keywords: aerobic exercise, selenium, young adult

Adverse Drug Reactions in Hospitalized-Geriatric Patients with Hypertension Andi I. Julianti; Lia Amalia; Sri Hartini
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 4, No 3
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) occur often in geriatric patients due to various factors which include a decrease in the physiological function and organs, nutritional deficiencies, multipathology, and polypharmacy. This study aimed to identify and analyse ADRs of hospitalized-geriatric patients with hypertension. We conducted a cross-sectional retrospective study (August 2012 to January 2013). Probability determination was calculated by the Naranjo scale. The subjects on this study were hospitalized-geriatric patients (n=86, 46.51% male, and 53.48% female). Thirty-one patients (11 men and 20 women) participated in this study by completing questionnaires to calculate ADRs probability using the Naranjo scale. The probability results were 7 probable, 8 possible, and 16 doubtful. Moreover, we observed that there were drug-related problems (DRP) during therapy, e.g., appropriate dose (59.37%), and inappropriate dose 34.37%. It can be concluded that in hospitalized-geriatric patients with hypertension, some problems related to ADRs remain existed.

Toxicity Assay of Fermented Artocarpus altilis Leaves Using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test Hesti Riasari; Yessi Febriani; Winda A. Nurfauziah
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 4, No 2
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Fermented Artocarpus altilis leaves contains phenolic compound that has pharmacological activity. Differences in fermentation method, i.e., aerobic and anaerobic fermentation might change its characteristics and biological activity. The purpose of this study was to compare toxicity properties between aerobically and anaerobically fermented Artocarpus altilis leaves using brine shrimp lethality (BSL) test. Both types of fermented leaves were cold extracted using ethanol solvent (1:6) for 3 x 24 hours. Phytochemical screening was then performed to examine the presence of secondary metabolite compounds. BSL test was performed in 7 treatment groups, i.e., negative control, 1000, 500, 100, 50, 25, 12.5 ppm of extract. Each vial contained 10 Artemia larvae, extract, and sea water up to 10 ml. Toxicity is measured by calculating LC50 after 24 hours observation. The experiment was repeated three times. The results of the study showed that LC50 of aerobic extract was 712 ppm, thus it can be categorized as toxic, while that of anaerobic extract is 1.927 ppm, or non-toxic to the Artemia salina larvae. In conclusion, aerobically fermented Artocarpus altilis leaves had toxicity potency, while anaerobically fermented Artocarpus altilis leaves had no toxicity potency against Artemia salina in BSL test. Key words: Artocarpus altilis, brine shrimp lethality test, toxicity.

Prediction of Binding Mode of Secondary Metabolites in Apium graveolens to Bcl-2 Kee P. Shan; Nyi M. Saptarini; Jutti Levita
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 2, No 2
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Developing new cytotoxic agent which has minimal effect against normal cell is requiredto reduce the side effects obtained from the existing chemotherapy agents. Celery (Apiumgraveolens) showed several pharmacology activities, including anti-cancer. This study wasconducted to predict and visualize the binding mode of ten secondary metabolites in A. graveolens,i.e., apigenin, caffeic acid, kaempferol, limonene, shikimic acid, chlorogenic acid,ascorbic acid, quercetin, eugenol and ferulic acid against Bcl-2. Navitoclax was employed asreference. Molecular dokcing simulation was performed using AutoDoc Vina v.1.5.6. Theresults showed that the interaction enery (Ei) ranged from -4.20 to -6.01 kcal/mol, whereasinhibition constant (Ki) were 40.15 to 842.29 μM. Kaempferol showed the best affinity toBcl-2 (Ei=-6.01 kcal/mol; Ki=24,21 μM). Hydrogen bonds were bond between kampferoland Lys20, Ser102, and Arg103, amino acid residues in Bcl-2.In conclusion,Keywords: anti-cancer, Apium graveolens, Bcl-2, navitoclax

Diabetes Patients Perceptions on Drugs Consultation Program by Pharmacists Budi Sumaryono; Moelyono Moektiwardoyo; Ari Yulianto
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 1, No 3
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Drugs consultation by pharmacist is an important service to improve the quality of medication use in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Perception of patients regarding this service is very useful to boost pharmacists confidence to conduct such service. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview regarding interests and categories of drugs consultation needed by T2DM patients and to determine the effect of quality of drugs consultation on patients interest to participate in such program. Survey and interviews were conducted with T2DM patients in outpatient clinic, Dr. M. Salamun Air Force Hospital, Bandung during April-June 2013. One hundred patients were recruited for this study. Most of the patients consumed combination of oral antidiabetic and non-antidiabetic medication (71 %) and were given polypharmacy (45 %). The results showed that the information regarding drugs interactions, adverse drugs reaction (ADR), and drugs dosage were among the aspects that should be included in drugs consultation service by pharmacists. The quality of drug information service was associated with increased interest to participate in such program. These aspects should be considered in the implementation of drugs consultation program by pharmacists.Keywords: drugs consultation, T2DM, pharmacists

The Risk of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease among Hyperlipidaemia Patients and Appropriateness of Statin Therapy Maharani F. Iskandar; Nurmainah Nurmainah; Ressi Susanti
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 3, No 1
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Patients with hyperlipidaemia is at increased risk of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). The use of appropriate statin therapy is important to obtain optimal health outcomes. However, there was limited information regarding the risk of ASCVD among Indonesian hyperlipidaemia population and the appropriateness of statin therapy given to these patients. This study aimed to assess the ASCVD risks among the patients and evaluate the use of statin therapy at hospitalized hyperlidaemia patients. This cross sectional study used medical records as data source. This study was conducted at one hospital in Pontianak, Indonesia during Januari-June 2017. We included 50 subjects. The 10-year risk of ASCVD was assessed using ASCVD pooled cohort risk assessment equation (PCRAE). The results showed that 66% of the included subjects had a relatively high risk of developing ASCVD. Subjects with high risk of ASCVD received inappropriate statin therapy. High intensity statin should be given to these patients. In conclusion, large proportion of the subjects were at high risk of developing ASCVD. Nevertheless, inappropriate statin therapy were given to these patients. Improvement in medication practice should be done to prevent complication and increase quality of health outcomes.Keywords: ASCVD, dyslipidemia, statin

Polymorphism of pfcrt K76T and pfatpase6 S769N Genes in Malaria Patients at Papua, Indonesia Eka W. Suradji; Henry Ng; Ratih Finisanti; Eni Indrawati; Andreas Ciokan; Melisa I. Barliana; Rizky Abdulah
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 1, No 1
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Indonesia is one of the country with the highest prevalence of malaria infections. In order to achieve malaria control as an act to support Millenium Development Goals, complete eradication of Plasmodium parasites needs to be conducted. Drugs resistance has been a hindrance in this act. This study aimed to assess Plasmodium parasite resistance towards chloroquine (CQ) and artemisinin combined therapy (ACT) through the determination of polymorphism on pfcrt K76T and pfatpase6 S769N genes, respectively. Subjects of this study were 16 adult patients positively diagnosed with malaria infection caused by P. falciparum or cross infection. DNA obtained from patient blood samples were amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and then the fragment of pfcrt and pfatpase6 were then digested using ApoI and DdeI, respectively. The results showed that 81% of the pfcrt K76T polymorphism was occured on the samples, which indicated the resistance of CQ. Meanwhile, 87% of the patient samples did not showed any polymorphism of pfatpase6 S769N gene, which indicated no resistance of ACT. This study showed that CQ was no longer effective as the first line therapy of antimalarial drugs due to the resistance of P. falciparum to CQ. However, the used of ACT still can be maintained in the antimalarial drug therapy regimen. In conclusion, the polymorphism of both genes negatively influenced the effectivity of antimalarial therapy using artemisinin.Keywords: antimalarial drugs, resistance, polymorphism, endemic area

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Widya Norma Insani, M.Sc., Apt.

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pcpreditorialteam@gmail.com

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Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name Widya Norma Insani, M.Sc., Apt.

Contact Email Widya Norma Insani, M.Sc., Apt.

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Journal Mail Official pcpreditorialteam@gmail.com

Editorial Address -

Location Kota bandung, Jawa barat INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

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Abstract

Abstract

Contact Name
Widya Norma Insani, M.Sc., Apt.

Contact Email
Widya Norma Insani, M.Sc., Apt.

Phone
-

Journal Mail Official
pcpreditorialteam@gmail.com

Editorial Address
-

Location
Kota bandung,

Jawa barat

INDONESIA