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Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research

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Published by Universitas Padjadjaran

ISSN : 25277332 EISSN : 26140020 DOI : -

Core Subject : Health,

Medicine & Pharmacology

Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research (PCPR) is an international, peer-reviewed journal, publishing original research, review, case reports, and commentaries on all aspects of pharmacology and clinical pharmacy. The journal aims to contribute to the scientific committee by publishing the high quality articles. It is published 3 times a year to provide a forum for pharmacologists, pharmacists, and other healthcare professionals to share best practice, encouraging networking, and a more collaborative approach in pharmacology and clinical pharmacy.

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Articles 207 Documents

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Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg in Wistar Male Rats Hesti Riasari; Sani Nurlalela; Ginanjar C. Gumilang
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 4, No 1
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Inflammation is a local reaction in vascular tissue characterized by several symptoms, e.g., swelling, redness, and pain. Indonesia is one of the countries with high biodiversity, including traditional medicinal plants. Artocarpus altilis is one the plants that is widely used to treat inflammation. There is limited information on biological activity of A. altilis.This study was performed to evaluate anti-inflammatory properties of A. altilis detached and attached leaves in Wistar male rats. A. altilis was extracted using soxhlet method at 67.4 0C with methanol solvent. Inflammation was induced by the administration of carrageenan to the rats paw. Subsequently, the extract of A. altilis were orally administered. The edema were measured using plethysmometer for 6 hours. We found that there were differences in anti-inflammatory activity between detached and attached leaves. The inhibition of edema in attached leaves were 50% and 53.33% for the concentration of 50 mg and 100 mg, respectively. The greater inhibiton was observed in the detached leaves, with 73.33% and 76.67% inhibition, for the concentration of 50 mg and 100 mg, respectively. Nevertheless, the inhibition percentage was still below diclofenac sodium as a positive control (83.33%). In conclusion, A. altilis leaves extracts showed good anti-inflammatory properties and has the potential for development of anti-inflammatory drug. Keywords: Artocarpus altilis, carageenan, inflammation, edema

Anti-Bacterial and Anti-Fungal Activities from Macaranga bancana Leaves Extract Rianti Putri; Rudi Hendra; Hilwan Y. Teruna
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 4, No 1
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Macaranga bancana is one of the Indonesian medicinal plants that is empirically used to treat infectious disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activities of M. bancana against human pathogenic microbes, i.e., Escherichia coli, Staphylacoccus aureus, and Candida albicans. The dried leaves of M. bancana were extracted using cold extraction method with n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethylacetate, methanol, and ethanol solvents. The evaluation of anti-microbial activity from these extracts at the concentration of 1000 µg/ml was conducted using microdilution method. Amoxicillin, cephadroxil, and ketoconazole were used as positive controls. All extracts showed 100% inhibitory activity against S. aureus, with the exception of ethanol extract which was 72.8%. Nevertheless, methanol and ethanol extracts showed 100% inhibitory activity against E. coli, while the lowest activity was shown by n-hexane extract ( 45.2%). All extracts exhibited 100% inhibitory activity against C. albicans. In conclusion, leaves extract of M. bancana is a potential source of anti-bacterial and anti-fungal agents. Keywords: anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, M. bancana, microdilution

Effect of Fermentation Time of Kombucha Tea on Its Hypoglycaemic Activity in Rats Nur A. Setiani; Rika L. Anggriani; Anggi Restiasari
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 4, No 1
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycaemia. Functional food, such as kombucha tea, is widely used as complementary treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Kombucha tea is made through fermentation process of green or black tea using a microbial kombucha consortium (Acetobacter xylinum and several types of yeast). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of fermentation time of kombucha tea on its hypoglycaemic activity in rats. The green tea (Camellia sinensis) was fermented with kombucha consortium for 8, 14, and 21 days. Evaluation of hypoglycaemic activity was conducted using glucose tolerance test method. First, fasting blood glucose levels in rats were measured after 16 hours fasting. Hyperglycaemic condition was induced by administering glucose 2 g/0.2 kg body weight. Blood glucose levels were measured again after 30 minutes. Subsequently, 5.5 ml of kombucha tea in various fermentation time was orally administered. Blood glucose levels were measured at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes after kombucha tea administration. The results revealed the average reduction of blood glucose were 18.16%, 33.64%, and 19.88% by kombucha tea fermented for 8, 14, and 21 days, respectively. In conclusion, kombucha tea fermented for 14 days is potential to be developed as a hypoglycaemic agent. Keywords: fermentation time, glucose level, hypoglycaemia, kombucha tea

In-Vivo Effectiveness of 5% Azadirachta indica Oil Cream as Anti-Scabies Patihul Husni; Mayang K. Dewi; Norisca A. Putriana; Rini Hendriani
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 4, No 1
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Scabies is an infectious skin disease caused by mite Sarcoptes scabiei. Neem tree (Azadirachta indica) has the potential to be used as an anti-parasite due to the presence of azadirachtin compound that is commonly found in the seeds. The aim of this study was to evaluate in-vivo effectiveness of neem oil as an anti-scabies. This study used an experimental method. The effectiveness of the cream as an anti-scabies was tested on New Zealand white rabbits which were infected with scabies. Permethrin cream was used as a positive control and cream base was used as a negative control. Cream was applied once daily and left for 8 hours. The data were analyzed using Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney. Dermal acute irritation test was performed by applying 0.5 g cream on the rabbit dorsal. We found that 5% neem oil cream was effective as an anti-scabies with 20-21 days recovery time. The recovery time is longer than permethrin cream (7-8 days), but shorter compared to negative control with recovery time over 30 days. Primary irritation index for 5% neem oil creams was 0, indicating negligible irritation category. In conclusion, A. indica cream was effective for the treatment of scabies although its recovery time is shorter than permethrin cream. Keywords: effectiveness test, irritation test, neem oil cream, scabies

Antioxidant Activity of Ethanol Extract of Polygonum pulchrum Blume Asman Sadino; Idin Sahidin; Wahyuni Wahyuni
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 1, No 2
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

The use of antioxidants from natural resources has attracted increasing interest. One of theplant that was empirically used as an antioxidant dietary supplement was Polygonum pulchrumBlume (P. pulchrum Blume). This study aimed to investigate antioxidant activityof roots, stems, leaves and flowers ethanol extract of P. pulchrum Blume. The extract wasobtained by maceration method using ethanol solvent. Antioxidant activity was determinedwith 1,1-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. We found that ethanol extracts of P. pulchrumBlume roots and stems had strong antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 25.2 mg/land 43.26 mg/l, respectively. Ethanol extract of flowers had the weakest antioxidant activitywith IC50 value of 202.96 mg/l. Vitamin C had very strong antioxidant activity with IC50value of 3.97 mg/l. In conclusion, our study revealed that ethanol extract of Polygonumpulchrum Blume roots and stems had strong antioxidant activity. Therefore, P. pulchrumBlume might be potential as an excellent source for natural antioxidant agents for medicalapplication.Keywords: Polygonum pulchrum Blume, DPPH, antioxidant, maceration, ethanol

Analysis of Waiting Time for Filing Prescriptions in Hospital Pharmacy Ulfa Fauzia; Elsa P. Setiawati; Emma S. Surahman
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 2, No 3
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Patient waiting time for healthcare services is identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as one of the key measurements of a responsive health system. Waiting time for filing prescription can influence patient satisfaction on hospital pharmacy service. This study was conducted to analyze current condition of waiting time for filing precription and related parameters. This study was prospective cross-sectional study conducted for 10 days at a hospital pharmacy, in Indramayu, Indonesia. Data regarding distribution of patients flow was obtained. Statistical analysis was performed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov. We observed that this hospital uses single queue channel-single phase model in three counters, i.e., public health insurance (PHI), private/general, government insurance (GI). The rate of patients visit was (λ) 9.40 and the rate of service was (µ) 1.26 in PHI. In private/general counter, the rate of patients visit was (λ) 5.03 and the rate of service was (µ) 4.08. The rate of patients visit was (λ) 4.85 and the rate of service was (µ) 5.85 in GI. Data indicated that there was excessive work loads. Thus, several strategies should be performed to decrease waiting time, e.g., the use of computer-based queuing system and the improvement of quality and quantity of human resources in the hospital pharmacy.Keywords: waiting time, outpatient, queueing theory

Anti-Hyperglycemic Activity of Phyllanthus emblica Leaves and Bark in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats Maria Ulfah; Novi I. Fauzi; Nela Simanjuntak; Anastasia Sinuraya
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 4, No 2
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Phyllanthus emblica is empirically used to treat various diseases. Chemical compounds in this plant includes benzene derivatives, diterpen and monoterpen, furanolacton, flavonoids and sterols. The purpose of this research is to investigate anti-hyperglycemic activity of P. emblica. The diabetic animal model was obtained by administration of alloxan 120 mg/kg BW intraperitonial. The rats were divided into 9 groups, i.e., normal group, negative control (1% CMC), positive control (glibenclamide 0.5 mg/kg BW) and P. emblica leaves and bark ethanol extract at the dose of 500, 750, and 1000 mg/kg BW. Determination of flavonoid content was performed through colorimetric method using UV-Vis spectrophotometer at 425 nm. After 7 days of induction, the entire group was treated for 21 days, fasting blood glucose was performed on days 0, 1, 8, 15 and 22. Then the data of fasting blood glucose level in mice was treated with one way ANOVA analysis and advanced test with post hoc Least Significant Differences (LSD) method. The percentage of the blood glucose decrease from the animal treated with leaves extract at doses of 500, 750 and 1000 mg/kg BW, respectively, were 22.47%; 21.03%; and 24.52%, while those of bark extract were 32.19%; 31.61%; and 37.24%, respectively. Determination of total flavonoid level showed that the highest amount of flavonoids was observed in leaves (35.838 mg/g Quercetin). In conclusion, P. emblica bark and leaves showed anti-hyperglycemic activity. Keywords: anti-hyperglycemic, alloxan, Phyllanthus emblica, Wistar

Hepatotoxicity Effects of Alcohol Consumption during Paracetamol Therapy of Malaria Patients Fonny Dinge; Sofa D. Alfian; Rizky Abdulah; Sri A. Sumiwi
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 2, No 2
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

The risk of paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity could increase with alcohol consumption.Paracetamol was usually given to tropical malaria patients to treat fever. The aim of this studywas to determine the hepatotoxicity effect of alcohol consumption in malaria tropica patientsreceiving paracetamol. This study was a cross-sectional study which was conducted duringApril-June 2015 at a hospital in Jayapura, Indonesia. The data were obtained from questionnairesand medical records. Alcohol status was determined by Short Michigan Alcoholics ScreeningTest (SMAST) questionnaire. Level of ALT, AST and bilirubin were observed before and afterreceiving paracetamol therapy for 5 days. Based on the results, the ALT and bilirubin levels ofalcoholic group were higher than in non-alcoholic. However, chi-square test showed that alcoholstatus did not have a significant influence in ALT, AST, and bilirubin levels. Otherwise,logistic regression analysis showed that age gave a significant effect on AST level (P=0.067).Keywords: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alcohol,malaria

Inhibitory Activity of Andrographolide and Andrograpanin on the Rate of PGH2 Formation Sri A. Sumiwi; Eli Halimah; Nyi M. Saptarini; Jutti Levita; As'ari Nawawi; Abdul Mutalib; Slamet Ibrahim
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 1, No 3
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Cyclooxygenase (COX) or prostaglandin H2 synthase (PGHS) catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandins. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) work by inhibiting both COX-1 and COX-2 isoforms, thus disturbing this reaction. In Indonesia, Andrographis paniculata (local name: sambiloto), is empirically used to reduce inflammation by consuming the herb tea of this plant. This work studied the inhibitory activity of andrographolide and andrograpanin, diterpenoids of the plant, on the rate of prostaglandin formation. Previous works have proven that andrographolide inhibited PGE2 production in LPS-induced human fibroblast cells. This study was performed by measuring the absorbance of TMPD (tetramethyl-p-phenyldiamine) oxidized by andrographolide and andrograpanin. Acetosal was used as a control drug. The rate of PGH2 formations on either COX-1 or COX- 2 was affected by andrographolide and andrograpanin. Andrographolide and andrograpanin interact longer with COX-1 than COX-2. Andrographolide shows weak inhibition on the rate of PGH2 formation, whilst andrograpanin might be further developed for potential antiinflammatory drugs.Keywords: Andrographis paniculata, anti-inflammatory, COX, cyclooxygenase, prostaglandin

Comparison of Effectiveness between Combination of Beta-Lactam with Azyhtromycin or Levofloxacin for Adult Pneumonia Patients Gina Arifah; Eli Halimah; Rizky Abdulah
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 3, No 1
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Treatment for pneumonia has always been a challenge due to the difficulties in diagnosis and the growing incidence of antibiotic resistance. Beta-lactam antibiotics are the first line treatment for pneumonia. The combination of beta-lactam with other antibiotics are preferred than single antibiotic therapy. However, there was limited information regarding the effectiveness of combination between beta-lactam with either macrolides or fluoroquinolone for the treatment of pneumonia.The purpose of this study was to determine the most effective combination of antibiotics for hospitalized adults pneumonia patients. This was a cross-sectional study with prospective data collection. The data source was the medical record of the subjects. We included adult pneumonia patients hospitalized at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital during June-August 2015. We found that mean reduction of body temperature in group who received combination of a beta-lactam antibiotic and azithromycin was 1.53 0C, while in levofloxacin group, the reduction was 1.22 0C (p=0.210). Reduction in leukocytes and respiratory rate were 7800 and 2.29 times/minute, respectively, in the former group, while in the latter group the reduction of leukocytes and respiratory rate were 2600 and 5 times/minute. The differences were not statistically significant in both parameters (p=0.036 and 0.149, respectively). In conclusion, better clinical outcomes were observed in patients treated with combination of beta-lactam and azithromycin compared to combination of beta-lactam and levofloxacin, although the difference was not statistically significant.Keywords: pneumonia, pneumonia therapy, combination therapy for pneumonia

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Home Page

OAI Link

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Contact Name Widya Norma Insani, M.Sc., Apt.

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Journal Mail Official pcpreditorialteam@gmail.com

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Location Kota bandung, Jawa barat INDONESIA

Abstract

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Contact Name
Widya Norma Insani, M.Sc., Apt.

Contact Email
Widya Norma Insani, M.Sc., Apt.

Phone
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Journal Mail Official
pcpreditorialteam@gmail.com

Editorial Address
-

Location
Kota bandung,

Jawa barat

INDONESIA