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Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research

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Published by Universitas Padjadjaran

ISSN : 25277332 EISSN : 26140020 DOI : -

Core Subject : Health,

Medicine & Pharmacology

Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research (PCPR) is an international, peer-reviewed journal, publishing original research, review, case reports, and commentaries on all aspects of pharmacology and clinical pharmacy. The journal aims to contribute to the scientific committee by publishing the high quality articles. It is published 3 times a year to provide a forum for pharmacologists, pharmacists, and other healthcare professionals to share best practice, encouraging networking, and a more collaborative approach in pharmacology and clinical pharmacy.

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 207 Documents

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Evaluation of Prescription Pattern for Internal Medicines Outpatients using World Health Organization Indicators Fonny Dinge; Rizky Abdulah; Sri A. Sumiwi
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 2, No 3
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Rational use of drugs plays an important role in efficacy and safety. World Health Organization(WHO) developed a set of indicators to assess medicines precribing pattern. The aim ofthis study was to evaluate the rational use of drugs among internal medicines outpatients ata hospital in Papua, Indonesia, using WHO prescribing indicators. This study was a retrospectiveobservational study conducted during January-March 2014. The data were obtainedfrom patients medical prescriptions. From each prescriptions, data regarding the the totalnumber of drugs, generic, antibiotics, parenteral, and essential drugs were extracted. A totalof 2025 medical precriptions were included in this study. We found out that the averagenumber of drugs per prescription was 2.3. Majority of the prescribed drugs were generic(84.14%). The use of antibiotics, parenteral drugs, and essential drugs were 33.43%, 3.40%,and 60.13%, respectively. Polypharmacy was relatively low among the subjects. The medicinesprescribing patterns among internal medicines outpatients were in accordance withWHO recommendation.Keywords: prescribing indicator, polypharmacy, essential drugs

Economic Evaluation of the Use of Cefotaxime and Ceftazidime in the Treatment of Pneumonia in Pediatric Patients Valen Ruterlin; Rano K. Sinuraya; Eli Halimah; Melisa I. Barliana; Sri Hartini
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 2, No 1
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

The prevalence of pneumonia is particularly high among pediatric patients. Appropriate antibioticsselection is required to reduce mortality and morbidity rates associated with thesediseases. However, information on cost-effectiveness of empirical antibiotics treatment forpneumonia was limited. This study was aimed to evaluate cost-effectiveness of cefotaximeand ceftazidime for pneumonia in pediatric patients. This study was a retrospective crosssectional study conducted at a hospital in Bandung during January-December 2012. Datawere derived from medical records of pediatric pneumonia inpatients during study period.Cost was calculated based on direct medical cost, i.e., inpatient care, medical support, andmedicines that were used from admission until hospital discharge. The results showed thatthere was no statistical difference in the average medical cost of the treatment using cefotaxime(1,197,017 IDR) and ceftazidime (2,245,748 IDR). Incremental cost effectivenessratio (ICER) showed that cefotaxime is more cost effective than ceftazidime with greaterreduction of leukocytes level (576 IDR/mm3 ). The use of cefotaxime is recommended forthe treatment of pnuemonia in pediatric patients.Keywords: cost minimization, cost effectiveness, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, pneumonia

Antibacterial Activity of Pluchea indica and Piper betle Ethanol Extract on Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Nela Simanjuntak; Umi Yuniarni; Diki Prayugo
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 1, No 2
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Medicinal plants are widely used for the treatment of different infectious diseases. This study was aimed to investigate antibacterial activity of Pluchea indica (P. indica) and Piper betle (P.betle) ethanol extract on Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) and Pseudomonasaeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) using agar disk diffusion method. Ethanol extract of Piper betle showed more potent antibacterial activity than P. indica against S. Epidermidis with the highest inhibiton zone at 30.71 mm and 21.73 mm from 1 mg/ml concentration, respectively. In contrast, against P. aeruginosa, the ethanol extract of P. indica was more potent than P. betle with 21.44 mm and 20.12 mm of inhibition zone on 1 mg/ml concentration, respectively. There was no increased effect from the combination of these two extracts against these bacteria. When comparing the antibacterial activity of these extract with tetracycline asthe standard, we found that antibacterial activity of P. indica at the concentration of 0.9 mg/ ml was comparable with that of tetracycline at concentration of 12.52 μg/ml, while P. betle needed 0.3 mg/ml concentration to had similar activity with 10.51 μg/ml of tetracycline. In conlusion, the antibacterial activity of ethanol extracts of P. indica and P. betle indicated that these extract had sufficient potential to warrant further examination and development as a new antibacterial agent.Keywords: Pluchea indica, Piper betle, antibacterial, agar disk diffusion

Phaleria macrocarpa (Boerl.) Scheff Fruit: A Potential Source of Natural Antioxidant Rudi Hendra; Yuli Haryani
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 3, No 1
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl is originated from Papua Island, Indonesia. There have been only limited attempts to explore the biological properties of this plant in relation to their medicinal use. This study aimed to examine antioxidant activity of P. macrocarpa fruit. Extraction of pericarp and mesocarp of P. macrocarpa were performed using soxhlet method with ethyl acetate as the solvent. Antioxidant activity was characterized in various in vitro model systems, including DPPH and ferric reducing antioxidant assay. We found that the highest amount of phenolic compounds and flavonoids were found in the pericarp (58.3±0.07 mg/g DW and 127.8±1.08 mg/g DW, respectively). The results showed that pericarp had higher antioxidant activity (IC50= 122.4±1.14 µg/ml) compared to mesocarp (IC50=175.48 ±1.75 µg/ml). In conclusion, the result of this study indicated the possible application of P. macrocarpa as a source of natural antioxidant compound.Keywords: antioxidant, Phaleria macrocarpa, phenolic compounds, flavonoids

Efficiency Fast-Moving Drug Plan with Reorder Point Intervention at a Private Hospital in Bandung Aisha K. Nur; Angga P. Kautsar; Indah L. Hilmi; Rizky Abdulah
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 4, No 3
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Drug supplies are the major portion of the hospital expenses. The rising of drugs cost directly affect the total expenses of the hospital. Thus, their procurement, especially for fast-moving drugs, should be managed effectively. This study aimed to examine the efficiency of fast-moving drug plan after reorder point (ROP) intervention at a private hospital in Bandung. We conducted a pre-experimental study and used turn-over ratio (TOR) as a parameter. Data were taken from the stock of antibiotics in May-June of 2013 and May-June 2014. Cost components were collected; included the amount of stock, the cost of goods sold, and daily drug use. We did pre-test and post-test analysis to check the efficiency of intervention. The results showed that ROP intervention increased the efficiency of fast-moving drug plan. The comparison of pre- and post- intervention resulted a lower inventory value and a greater TOR value. We concluded that the increase in efficiency will eventually require a smaller budget of drug expenses.

Evaluation of Medication Use Patterns among Geriatric Patients using World Health Organization Prescribing Indicators Irma M. Puspitasari; Ani Hanifah; Rano K. Sinuraya
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 4, No 2
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Geriatrics patients are paticularly suceptible to medication error due to complex clinical problems and multiple treatment. World Health Organization (WHO) published a set of prescribing indicators to promote rationale use of drug. This study aimed to evaluate medicine use pattern in geriatric patients at a primary care facility in Bandung, Indonesia, using WHO indicators. This research was conducted using cross sectional design with retrospective data collection. Medical presciption from geriatric patients aged 60-74 years old visiting primary care facility during 2013-2015 were selected. A total of 103.292 prescriptions were obtained in this study. The average number of drugs per encounter was 2.1 (optimal range=1.6-1.8). Vast majority (99.41%) of the drugs prescribed were generic drugs (optimal value=100%). The encounters with an antibiotics prescribed were 7.4% (optimal range=20.0-26.8%). Very few parenteral drugs were prescribed in this study setting (0.04%) (optimal range=13.4-24.1%). The drugs prescribed from essential drug list were 72.83% (optimal value=100%). The most commonly prescribed drugs were paracetamol 500 mg, chlorpheniramine maleat 4 mg, amlodipine 5 mg, vitamin B complex, and glyceryl guaiacolat. The most frequently prescribed antibiotics were amoxicillin, cloramphenicol, cyprofloxacin, clindamycin, and oxytetracyclin. In conclusion, the medication use pattern in this study was below the WHO requirement. This finding called for a strategy to promote rational prescribing of medicines. Keywords: geriatrics, WHO prescribing indicators, drug use patterns

Effectiveness of Erythropoietin in Hypertensive Hemodialysis Patients Susannia Ibrahim; Ajeng Diantini; Budhi Prihartanto; Rudi Supriyadi
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 2, No 2
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Chronic renal failure (CRF) is one the most prevalent health problems among the elderly. Onthe fifth stage of CRF, the patient becomes eligible to hemodialysis. CRF-induced anemiais commonly treated with Erythropoietin (Epo). Information regarding the effectiveness ofEpo in hypertensive hemodialysis patients was limited. Therefore, this study was conductedto evaluate the effectiveness of Epo in hypertensive hemodialysis patients. This study usedan observational case-control analytic method. Data were retrieved from the medical recordsof hemodialysis patients during March-May 2014. A total of 54 participants were included.The increase of haemoglobin (Hb) in controlled hypertension was 0.6257 g/dl, while the inuncontrolled hypertension group, there was a decrease in Hb (-0.1590 g/dl). The use of Epowas more effective in hemodialysis patients with controlled hypertension.Keywords: chronic kidney disease, erythropoietin, hypertension

Physicochemical Properties of Phosphate Pregelatinized Musa balbisiana Starch as Pharmaceutical Excipient Deni Anggraini; Anita Lukman; Hilwan Y. Teruna
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 1, No 3
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Starch is among the important pharmaceutical excipient, which is particularly used as filler in the tablet formulation and suspending agent. Starch from natural source has a potential to be developed as pharmaceutical excipient with comparable characteristics, including starch from Musa balbisiana (M. balbisiana). This study aimed to synthesize and evaluate physicochemical properties of phosphate pregelatinized M. balbisiana starch. We isolated the starch from M. balbisiana and performed pregelatinization. Since pregelatinized starch still could experience retrogradation which cause syneresis, chemical modification of pre-gelatinized starch was conducted using 5% of sodium tripolyphosphate at pH of 9-10. Physicochemical properties of phosphate pregelatinized starch were then investigated. It included the assessment of its organoleptic, pH, water content, particle size distribution, angle of repose, swelling power, amylose content, adsorbs isotherm, and particle analysis using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Phosphate-pregelatinized M. balbisiana starch had low swelling power, better flow properties and viscosity. It can be used particularly in the formulation of slow released tablets and suspending agents in suspension formula.Keywords: pregelatinized starch, Musa balbisiana, psychochemical properties, excipients

Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum Reduces the Rate of Prostaglandin Production Fauzan Fikri; Nyi M. Saptarini; Jutti Levita; As'ari Nawawi; Abdul Mutalib; Slamet Ibrahim
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 1, No 1
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

In Indonesia, red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) is usually used as topical pain reducer by directly applying the fresh rhizome. The aim of this research was to provide information regarding the pharmacological activity of Z. officinale var. Rubrum rhizome infusion on the rate of prostaglandin production. The Z. officinale var. Rubrum rhizome used in this research was purchased from Research Institute for Spices and Medicinal Plants (Balittro) Manoko Lembang, West Java, Indonesia. This research was conducted by applying TMPD (N,N,N’,N’-tetramethyl-p-phenylendiamine) as the reagent. COX-1 and COX-2 enzyme inhibitory activity can be seen from TMPD chromogenic changes that occur during PGG2 reduction to PGH2. Phytochemical screening showed that flavonoid, quinone, and monoterpenoid/sesquiterpenoid were detected in both dried rhizomes and the water extract. Three spots were detected on thin-layer chromatography system which employing chloroform-methanol (5:5) as the eluent. The rate of prostaglandin formations either by Z. officinale var. Rubrum rhizome infusion or acetylsalicylic acid on COX-1 is slower (at 25th minutes) rather than COX-2 (5th minutes). We concluded that the rhizome of Z. officinale var. Rubrum reduces the rate of prostaglandin production. The rhizome of red ginger reduces the rate of prostaglandin production, which is slower in COX-1 than in COX-2. This plant could be further developed as anti-inflammatory drug candidate.Keywords: acetosal, antiinflammation, cyclooxygenase, NSAIDs, red ginger

Anti-proliferative Activity of Crotalaria pallida Aiton on MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells Erladys M. Rumondor; Moelyono Moektiwardoyo; Melisa I. Barliana
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 2, No 3
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Crotalaria pallida Aiton (C. pallida Aiton) is empirically used as dietary supplement to treat cancer by the people of North Sulawesi. However, its scientific pharmacology activity has not been explored yet. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate anti-proliferative activity of C. pallida Aiton on MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The extraction of leaves and seeds were performed using ethanol, ethyl acetate, n-hexane, and water. Phytochemical screening was then performed to identify secondary metabolites in this extract. Anti-proliferative activity was evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The results indicated that ethyl acetate fraction of C. pallida Aiton has the lowest IC50 (29,67). In conclusion, ethyl acetate fraction of C. pallida Aiton is potential to be developed as anti cancer agent.Keywords: Crotalaria pallida Aiton, WST assay, MCF-7 cell line

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Contact Name Widya Norma Insani, M.Sc., Apt.

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Contact Name
Widya Norma Insani, M.Sc., Apt.

Contact Email
Widya Norma Insani, M.Sc., Apt.

Phone
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Journal Mail Official
pcpreditorialteam@gmail.com

Editorial Address
-

Location
Kota bandung,

Jawa barat

INDONESIA