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Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Published by Institut Pertanian Bogor
ISSN : 23560169     EISSN : 23560177     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Journal of Tropical Crop Science is an international journal publishing research related to tropical crops. Articles in the journal focus on in-vivo and in-vitro production and production environment, breeding, seed technology, physiology, postharvest, pest and pathology of cereals, vegetables, fruits, ornamentals, medicinal and plantation crops; soil, landscape, turf and agro ecology management under tropical conditions.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 21 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 12 No. 02 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science" : 21 Documents clear
Alley Cropping System to Increase Corn Crop Production and Agricultural Productivity in Dry Land Amirudin, Amirudin; Muhibuddin, Andi; Musa, Yunus; Kadekoh, Indrianto; Mas’ud, Hidayati
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 02 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.02.358-364

Abstract

Alley cropping is an agroforestry system that plants annual crops or food crops between alleys formed by hedges of trees or shrubs. This study aims to determine the effects of the alley cropping system, the provision of Gamal (Gliricidia sepium) biomass, and the doses of N, P, and K fertilizers on corn production. The study was conducted in 2022 at the educational plantation area, Integrated Farming System, Faculty of Agriculture, Bosowa University, Bontoramba Village, Pallangga Subdistrict, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The experimental design used was a split plot with and without hedgerow plant treatment as the main plot and doses of N, P, and K as subplots. The subplots consist of the control or without fertilizers,  P fertilizer only at 100 kg.ha-1 SP-36, K fertilizer only at 100 kg.ha-1 KCl, N  and K (250 kg.ha-1 Urea, 100 kg.ha-1 KCl), N and P (250 kg.ha-1 Urea, 100 kg.ha-1 SP-36), and N, P and K (250 kg.ha-1 Urea, 100 kg.ha-1 SP-36, 100 kg.ha-1 KCl). The research showed that the alley-cropping system increased corn production from 4,690 to 6,089 tons.ha-1, with an average increase of 50% compared to corn production without the alley-cropping system. The N, P, and K fertilization produced the best average corn yields. The alley-cropping system achieved the highest land productivity compared to those without the alley-cropping system.
Variability of Agronomic and Metabolomic Characteristics of Nine Accessions of Cardamom (Amomum compactum) From Central Java, Indonesia Haniefan, Nafarain Agung; Wiendi, Ni Made Armini; Santosa, Edi
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 02 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.02.462-472

Abstract

Amomum compactum (Javanese cardamom) is valued for its unique flavor and aroma, commonly used as a culinary spice or medicinal ingredient. The numerous accessions of cardamom in Indonesia present a significant potential for developing this spice. However, the specific potential of each accession remains to be discovered. This study records the variation of agronomical traits and metabolomic profiles of nine cardamom accessions from Central Java, Indonesia. Multivariate analysis using a heatmap on agronomical traits indicated significant variation among accessions, with clustering based on growth locations. Genetic parameter analysis revealed high phenotypic variability, but varying broad-sense heritability among traits, suggesting the influence of both genotypic and environmental factors. Metabolomic analysis using GC-MS reveals the presence of specific compounds in certain accessions, such as beta-panasinsene in the Kulonprogo Putih accession, 1-docosene and alpha-terpinene in the Banyumas Putih accession, and 9-tricosene in the Banyumas Hybrid, which can serve as markers for these accessions.
Cytological Deterioration of Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.) Pollen During Storage and Its Impact on Effectiveness for Seed Production Kusumastuti, Hamiddah Intan; Widajati, Eny; Palupi, Endah Retno
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 02 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.02.303-313

Abstract

Pollen storage plays an important role in the hybrid seed production of bitter gourd, but a primary challenge is the rapid decline in pollen viability. This research aimed to investigate the mechanisms of bitter gourd pollen deterioration during storage and to assess the effectiveness of stored pollen for hybrid seed production. The study was conducted at the Leuwikopo Research Station, IPB University, from September 2018 to June 2021. Bitter gourd pollen was collected at anthesis and stored in a deep freezer at -21±3ºC. Pollen viability was observed at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks after storage (WAS), while pollen ultrastructure was examined at 0, 4, 8, and 12 WAS using a transmission electron microscope. The stored pollen was then used for pollination, observations were made on fruit set, seed set, and seed quality. The viability of bitter gourd pollen declined rapidly following dehydration before storage. The declining pollen viability during storage was due to the degeneration of the intine, followed by mitochondrial deterioration. The cristae became disorganised, leading to the dissolution of the cristae and outer membrane of mitochondria. Storing the pollen in a deep freezer (-21±3ºC) after dehydration did not prevent a further decline in pollen viability. Bitter gourd pollen stored for more than 2 weeks at -21±3ºC is ineffective for seed production. Cucurbit pollen remains viable for only two weeks; thus, fresh pollen is more practical for hybrid seed production. Development of more effective pollen storage methods is necessary to prolong pollen viability and enhance breeding efficiency. 
Phenological Study of Flowering and Fruiting in Banana “Rejang” (Musa acuminata Colla) Asmah, Nur; Widodo, Winarso Drajad; Suketi, Ketty
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 02 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.02.451-461

Abstract

Banana “Rejang” originates from Rejang Lebong Regency in Bengkulu Province, Sumatra, at elevations ranging from 600 to 700 meters above sea level. Banana “Rejang” is known for its sweet taste, high fibre in the pseudo stems, resistance to Fusarium spp., with slender and long fruits, and tapering fruit tips. This study aims to examine the phenological patterns of Rejang bananas and establish appropriate harvest criteria using the heat unit method. A descriptive research design was employed to illustrate the phenological development during the generative phase without external treatments. A total of 25 Rejang banana plants were observed and measured, spanning the developmental stages from flag leaf emergence to flowering and fruiting. Data were collected daily at 7:00 a.m., 10:00 a.m., 1:00 p.m., and 4:00 p.m. The average daily temperature was recorded to calculate heat units in degrees Celsius (°C). Phenological development begins with the emergence of the flag leaf at 102 days after planting, corresponding to an accumulated heat unit of 1,800-degree days. Flower initiation occurs at 134 days after planting, with 2,330-degree days accumulated as heat units. The period from flower initiation to anthesis lasts approximately 4 days, followed by a period of 4 days after anthesis (DAA). Bract opening occurs 3 DAA, followed by bract rolling at 7 DAA and banana heart emergence at 10 DAA. The bunch stalk forms 7 days after anthesis, after the banana heart emerges. Fertilization occurs 165 days after planting (DAP), with a total heat unit accumulation of 2,833 degree-days. This stage involves the formation of the bunch stalk and the emergence of the fruit cluster, which occurs 5 DAA. The rachis appears at 5 days after anthesis, and fruit development is reached at 12 DAA after rachis emergence. The optimal harvest.
Biology of Cellulosic Bacteria from Hindgut Oryctes rhinoceros as Antagonistic Agent of Ganoderma boninense In Vitro Purba, Vita Mutiara Rizky; Marheni, Marheni
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 02 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.02.398-407

Abstract

Ganoderma boninense is a pathogenic fungus that causes the base rot of oil palm trunks. Antagonistic microorganisms can inhibit, suppress, or eliminate populations of plant pathogens. Antagonistic microorganisms can be utilized through symbiotic bacteria. The capability of symbiotic bacteria to degrade cellulose enables them to be more utilized as biological agents for controlling plant pathogens. Oryctes rhinoceros larvae are one of the insects that have symbiotic bacteria. This study aims to analyze the morphological and biochemical characteristics of symbiotic bacteria of O. rhinoceros larvae and see their effectiveness in inhibiting the growth of G. boninense. This research employed a non-factorial completely randomized design with six treatments: S0, Ganoderma boninense (control); S1, G. boninense + isolate of symbiotic bacteria (P2); and S2, G. boninense + isolate of symbiotic bacteria (P3). The results showed that treatment P2 that c, which contains Bacillus subtilis, was able to inhibit G. boninense by 35.21%, and the P3 bacterial isolate, which is Bacillus sp., was able to inhibit the growth of G. boninense by 23.66%. The identification showed that bacteria P2 is B. subtilis, and P3 is Bacillus sp.
Adaptations to Climate Variability in Northern Uganda: Implications for Food Security Wambede, Nabalegwa Muhamud; Sharon, Alonyo; JoyFred, Asaba; Mulabbi, Andrew; Robert, Tweheyo
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 02 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.02.261-273

Abstract

This study examined the relationship between climate variability adaptation strategies and household food security. Specifically, it investigated the adaptation practices employed by farmers and assessed their impact on food availability by comparing food security outcomes between adapting and non-adapting households. Data were collected from 375 randomly selected households in Agoro and Madi Opei sub-counties, known for their transitional climatic conditions. Employing questionnaires, field observations, and key informant interviews, the study found early planting (38.2%), new crop varieties (25.4%), drought-resistant crops (21.6%), and small-scale irrigation (7.8%) to be the primary on-farm adaptations, while motorcycling (50%), retail (25%), and construction-related activities (10%) dominated off-farm strategies. In the surveyed households, 1.2% experienced inadequate food availability, 95.7% exhibited moderate food security, and 3.1% demonstrated adequate food security. The study revealed a positive correlation between adaptation practices and food security, suggesting that various adaptation strategies can enhance household resilience to climate variability.
Optimizing Growth and Flavonoid Production in Kaempferia angustifolia Using Organic (Chicken and Cow Manure) and Inorganic Fertilizers Aziz, Sandra Arifin; Ridwan, Taopik; Iswantini, Dyah; Trivadila, Trivadila; Murni, Anggia; Rafi, Mohamad
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 02 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.02.365-377

Abstract

Kaempferia angustifolia originated in Southeast Asia and is widely used for its medicinal properties. One of which is from its flavonoids. The research aims to determine the optimal dosage of organic and inorganic fertilizers for promoting the growth and flavonoid production of K. angustifolia. The study was laid out in a split-plot design using organic fertilizers as the main plots (chicken and cow manure at 10 t.ha-1) and inorganic fertilizers as the subplots, consisting of 19 combinations of urea, SP36, and KCl. Each treatment has three replications.  The results showed that there is no interaction between organic and inorganic fertilizers in affecting the growth of Kaempferia angustifolia. Plants treated with chicken manure at 10 tons per hectare have a higher fresh weight than those treated with cow manure. Plants without inorganic fertilizer application showed suppressed growth and yielded more rhizomes three months after planting. Inorganic fertilizer promoted more shoots and tillers, with the highest value obtained from 100 kg.ha-1 urea + 200 kg.ha-1 SP36 + 200 kg.ha-1 KCl application.   The range of total flavonoids in inorganic fertilizer applications is 39.30-131.51% higher than the control, with the highest value observed at 200 kg.ha-1 SP36 + 200 kg.ha-1 KCl application. The results of this study would be useful for producing K. angustifolia for the medicinal industry, using either organic or inorganic fertilizers.
Effects of Seed Rates on Seed Quality and Seed Multiplication Factor of Bread Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) in Early Generation Seed Classes Under Rain-Fed Conditions in Amhara Region, Ethiopia Wasie, Tilaye Anbes; Shibie, Belayneh; Chanie, Yematew
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 02 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.02.437-450

Abstract

Seed is a vital agricultural resource for enhancing crop production and productivity. However, a variety of variables limit bread wheat seed output and quality, including an insufficient seed rate for early generation seed production. The experiment was conducted in three districts, Adet, Debre Tabor, and Enewari, over two years (2020 and 2021) under rain-fed conditions to determine the optimal seeding rate for early-generation seed classes of bread wheat. Treatments included factorial combinations of five seeding rates (50, 75, 100, 125, and 150 kg.ha-1) and two seed classes, breeder and basic seeds. A randomized complete-block design with three replications was employed. A combined study across years and locations revealed that the interaction effect of seed rate and seed class was not significant (P > 0.05) for the parameters of days to heading, days to maturity, plant height, spike length, seed yield, and seed multiplication ratio. The combined results showed that seed rate had a substantial effect on bread wheat spike length, yield, and seed multiplication ratio. Lower seed rates resulted in a higher seed multiplication ratio at all three locations. Increasing the seed rate from 50 to 150 kg.ha-1 increased seed yield from 2555.2 kg.ha-1 to 3235.2 kg.ha-1, although the difference in seed yield between 125 and 150 kg.ha-1 was statistically insignificant (p>0.05 for the combined study). Finally, seed rates as low as 125 kg ha-1 can be employed for all seed classes to boost early-generation seed output in the three locations and similar agroecologies.
Growth Response, Physiology, Metabolomic, and Production of Micro-Tom Tomatoes to Additional Lighting with White and Purple Light-Emitting Diode Lubis, Wahyu Muhammad Yuha; Hapsari, Dhika Prita; Poerwanto, Roedhy; Matra, Deden Derajat
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 02 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.02.284-295

Abstract

Tomatoes are a widely produced and consumed fruit-vegetable belonging to the Solanaceae family. It contains minerals, vitamins, essential amino acids, sugars, and fiber. Micro-Tom is a wild-type cultivar from a cross between the Florida Basket and Ohio 4013-3 cultivars. Micro-Tom has two mutant types, the iaa9-3 and iaa9-5 mutants, which exhibit strong parthenocarpic properties. It is classified as a mutant tomato due to a mutation in the IAA9 gene, which belongs to the Auxin/IAA (Indole-3-Acetic-Acid) gene family and plays a role in suppressing the endogenous auxin signal transcription pathway. Using artificial light in cultivation techniques shortens the plant cycle and accelerates the juvenile phase. This study aimed to investigate the morphological, physiological, and production responses of Micro-Tom tomatoes to supplemental LED lighting. The research was conducted at the Leuwikopo experimental field of IPB University from March to November 2023. A completely randomized design was employed, with two factors (LED spectrum and Micro-Tom genotyping) and nine replicates. The study also examined the potential benefits of combining polychromatic and monochromatic light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The response of Micro-Tom tomatoes to artificial lighting with purple and white LEDs did not show significant differences in growth and production parameters. However, significant differences were observed between the tomato types, specifically between the Wild-type and the iaa9-3 mutant. No significant differences were found in LED treatment or Micro-Tom genotype for physiological parameters such as chlorophyll content and glucose-fructose levels. Regarding fruit quality, no significant differences were observed for parameters such as total soluble solids (TSS, Brix) to total titratable acidity (TTA, acidity), glucose and fructose, and malic acid. The LC-MS/MS analysis of leaves exposed to purple LED light revealed a profile dominated by secondary metabolites from the fatty acid compound group, suggesting the potential benefits of this lighting combination. In conclusion, using LED lights can accelerate the plant life cycle and shorten the juvenile phase, as evidenced by the first flower emergence, which occurred 20 days after transplanting (DAT) in the wild-type genotype and 16 DAT in the mutant genotype.
Early Identification of Potentially Drought-Tolerant Doubled Haploid Rice Lines During the Seedling Stage Munandar, Arief; Purwoko, Bambang Sapto; Dewi, Iswari Saraswati; Suwarno, Willy Bayuardi; Hadianto, Wira; Nurhidayah, Siti
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 02 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.02.346-357

Abstract

Climate change and reduced crop yields caused by drought stress have increased the demand for drought-tolerant varieties. The anther culture technique allows the production of improved varieties with high homozygosity in a short time. The study aimed to select the drought-tolerant double haploid lines at the seedling stage. This research was conducted in the greenhouse of the Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Instrument Standard Testing (BBPSI Biogen), Bogor, from August to November 2023. The drought-tolerant selection of 12 doubled-haploid rice lines (AE1-AE12) and four check varieties, i.e., two commercial checks (“Inpari 18” Tadah Hujan Agritan or AE13, “Bioni63” Ciherang Agritan or AE14), one drought-tolerant check (“Salumpikit” or AE15), and one drought-sensitive check (“IR20” or AE16). The research used a randomized complete block design with three replications. The characters observed were leaf rolling, leaf drying, recovery ability, and plant fresh and dry weight. The Friedman test results showed that the lines with the lowest rankings, three lines (AE2, AE5, and AE12) with mild tolerant criteria for leaf rolling, five lines (AE1, AE2, AE5, AE8, and AE12) with mild tolerant criteria for leaf drying, and three lines (AE1, AE5, and AE12) with tolerant criteria for recovery ability. The selection index for drought tolerance at the seedling stage identified seven lines with positive values. Based on the Friedman test, selection index, and heatmap visualization, AE12, AE1, AE5, and AE8 exhibited a tolerance similar to “Salumpikit” and were deemed suitable based on drought tolerance characters.

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