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INDONESIA
Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Published by Institut Pertanian Bogor
ISSN : 23560169     EISSN : 23560177     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Journal of Tropical Crop Science is an international journal publishing research related to tropical crops. Articles in the journal focus on in-vivo and in-vitro production and production environment, breeding, seed technology, physiology, postharvest, pest and pathology of cereals, vegetables, fruits, ornamentals, medicinal and plantation crops; soil, landscape, turf and agro ecology management under tropical conditions.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 315 Documents
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Optimizing Rice Seed (Oryza sativa L.) Production and Quality through Organic Fertilizer Application Pradana, Farhan Novfourthino; Suhartanto, Mohamad Rahmad; Suwarto, Suwarto
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 13 No. 01 (2026): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.13.01.20-32

Abstract

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a vital cereal crop and primary food source for over half of the global population, especially in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. This study evaluated the effect of organic fertilizers on optimizing rice seed production and quality. Organic fertilizers improve soil physical, chemical, and biological properties, thereby enhancing nutrient availability. A study was conducted standard and premium organic fertilizers (petroganik), in a completely randomized design with six treatments: no fertilizer (control), (12.5% organic C) at 500 kg/ha, and the premium organic fertilizer (15% organic C) at 250, 500, 750, and 1000 kg/ha. With four replications, 24 experimental plots were established. Results showed that while application of premium organic fertilizer did not affect vegetative growth, it significantly increased the number of productive tillers and overall yield. Applying 500 kg/ha of premium organic fertilizer increased rice yield by up to 13% compared to the control, with a relative agronomic effectiveness of >95%. Seed quality improved, indicated by higher germination rates, vigor index, and maximum growth potential. The after-ripening period was shortened by two weeks compared to control seeds, i.e., from 5 to 3 weeks, but did not affect seed storability.
Genetic Variability, Correlation, and Path Analysis in F2 Population of Sorghum Rahayu, Anita; Wirnas, Desta; Trikoesoemaningtyas, Trikoesoemaningtyas; Reflinur, Reflinur
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 13 No. 01 (2026): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.13.01.33-44

Abstract

Indonesian sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) germplasm with the highest genetic diversity can serve as a valuable resource for developing high-yielding cultivars. Therefore, the present research aimed to obtain information on genetic variability in the population and also determine the key traits associated with grain yield using correlation and path analysis in sorghum F2 population. The sorghum parental genotypes 'Demak 4' and 'Soraya 3', and a local high yielding IPB line, NS 19, NS 109, and NS 111, were used in the crosses. The F2 population was evaluated against parental cultivars and four check genotypes. The results showed that 64 individual plants were observed as transgressive segregants. Meanwhile, the number of leaves and plant height were controlled polygenically through additive genes. The traits of panicle diameter, dry panicle weight, and grain weight per panicle possessed the highest genotypic coefficient of variance. The traits dry panicle weight and diameter were significantly positively correlated with grain yield. The considerable positive correlation with dried panicle weight, panicle length, and diameter could be used as selection criteria. The path analysis reported that the observed agronomic traits explained 97.07% of the total variation in grain weight per panicle.
Effect of Shape and Size of Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) Tuber Bioherbicide Granules on the Germination of Weed and Crop Seeds Sahara, Olyvia Fashatus; Chozin, Muhamad Achmad; Hapsari, Dhika Prita
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 13 No. 01 (2026): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.13.01.187-198

Abstract

The use of synthetic herbicides is an effective way to control weeds, but their widespread use has negative environmental impacts. A bioherbicide made from purple nutsedge tubers can be an alternative for weed control. Purple nutsedge’s tuber contain allelopathy compounds that can inhibit the growth of other plants (weeds). This study aims to evaluate the response of various shapes and sizes of bioherbicide granules made from purple nutsedge’s tuber in suppressing the germination of weed seeds and crop seeds. The experiment used a completely randomized design one factor and eleven treatments: control without herbicide treatment, synthetic herbicide active ingredient oxyfluorfen 240 g/L, purple nutsedge’s tuber powder bioherbicide without carrier, very small round granule bioherbicide, small round granule, medium round granule, large round granule, very small cylindrical granule, small cylindrical granule, medium cylindrical granule, and large cylindrical granule. Each treatment was tested on four species: Bidens pilosa and Cynodon dactylon (weeds), cucumber, and rice (crops). The experimental results showed that the application of purple nutsedge’s tuber-based bioherbicides exerts a noticeable influence on several germination parameters. The smaller the bioherbicide granule, the higher the germination inhibition rate. Very small, round-shaped granule bioherbicides showed greater effectiveness in suppressing seed sprout percentage, reducing growth rate, increasing the percentage of abnormal sprouts, and inhibiting plumula and radicle growth.
Optimizing the Application of Complete Microfertilizer in Fertigation for Cayenne Pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) Azzuhdy, Muhammad Zakiyuddin Siroj; Suketi, Ketty; Susila, Anas Dinurrohman; Krisantini , Krisantini
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 13 No. 01 (2026): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.13.01.61-74

Abstract

Cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens) is one of the important horticultural commodities in Indonesia. According to Central Statistics Agency data, annual consumption has been rising amid fluctuating production, including a 37.68-thousand-ton decline in 2023 compared with 2022. Cayenne pepper requires a specific nutrient profile to achieve optimal yields. Micronutrients, including boron, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, and zinc, are vital for photosynthesis, flower development, and nutrient uptake; deficiencies impair growth, fruit quality, and disease resistance, underscoring the need for balanced fertilization. Micronutrient deficiencies can reduce plant growth, fruit quality, and disease susceptibility. Research on micronutrient provision in cayenne pepper plants remains limited. This research aims to determine the most effective method of nutrient application for cayenne pepper plants. The design used was a single-factor randomized group design. The results of the study demonstrate that micronutrient applications can increase the height and diameter of cayenne pepper stems, with foliar spray applications yielding the best response in terms of vegetative parameters. However, micro-nutrient application has not significantly affected the yield and yield components of cayenne pepper.
The Potential of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorokīn as the Biocontrol Agent Against Cacao Pod Borer (Conopomorpha cramerella Snellen) Mandariaga, Meljhon N.; Aceres, Larry V.; Juruena, Merlina H.; Owanes, Cristy F.; Besas, Ulysses P.
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 13 No. 01 (2026): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.13.01.134-147

Abstract

Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorokīn is an entomopathogenic fungus with broad bio insecticidal potential, widely recognized for its role in sustainable pest management. This review examines the taxonomy, pathogenesis, infection symptoms, environmental requirements, host specificity, and dual role as both a biocontrol agent and an endophyte. Special emphasis is placed on its efficacy against the cacao pod borer (Conopomorpha cramerella Snellen), a significant pest in Southeast Asia that causes yield losses exceeding 50% in cacao plantations. Laboratory and semi-field studies report larval mortality rates of up to 80%–90% under controlled conditions. However, field-level efficacy varies due to environmental factors such as temperature, relative humidity, UV exposure, and soil characteristics. The review also discusses formulation strategies, including conidial suspensions and granular formulations, that improve fungal persistence and infection success. Despite promising outcomes, the effectiveness of M. anisopliae is influenced by strain variability, local adaptation, and integration with cultural practices. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for optimizing the application of this approach in integrated pest management (IPM) systems and advancing sustainable cacao production.
Improvement of Chlorophyll, Antioxidant Properties, and Biomass Yield in Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Using Chitosan at Various Growing Stages Qazizadah, Ahmad Zubair; Nakasha, Jaafar Juju; Sinniah, Uma Rani; Wahab, Puteri Edaroyati Megat
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 13 No. 01 (2026): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.13.01.114-133

Abstract

Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is known for its numerous health-promising antioxidant phytochemicals and is primarily used in nutritive, medicinal, and cosmetic products. Previous attempts to increase the antioxidant content of sweet basil were associated with disadvantages, including ecological problems, reduced biomass yield, and increased cost. Alternatively, the current study aimed to improve selected antioxidants and biomass yield by using chitosan as an organic and cost-effective growth promoter. In this experiment, a total of four different concentrations of chitosan were applied ( 0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.6% v/v) at two different growing stages: early growth stage (GS1: 45-day-old plant), late growth stage (GS2: 65-day-old plant), and at both growth stages (known as GS3: 45 & 65-day-old plants). Results showed that plants treated with 0.4% chitosan at GS1 reached the highest chlorophyll a (4.33 mg/cm2), chlorophyll b (2.50 mg/cm2), total chlorophyll (6.84 mg/cm2), total leaf area (2234.31 cm2), total dry biomass (22.72 g per plant), total flavonoid content (33.23 mg QUE/g DE) and DPPH inhibition (92.34%) compared to other treatments. Based on the yield and phytochemical content, it is recommended to apply chitosan at 4% on the 45-day-old plant.
Effect of GA3 Application on the Germination of 5-Year Stored Bambara Groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.) Anivta, Pricandalu Odillia; Kuswanto, Kuswanto
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 13 No. 01 (2026): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.13.01.148-159

Abstract

Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.) is a leguminous crop originating from North Africa, valued for its high protein and carbohydrate content, as well as its ability to adapt to marginal environments. These characteristics make it a promising candidate to support food and nutritional security, particularly in tropical regions. However, its cultivation and seed quality management remain limited, requiring strategies to improve germination and seedling establishment. Gibberellic acid (GA3) is a plant growth regulator widely known to stimulate seed germination and enhance vigor. This study aimed to assess the effect of GA3 on the germination performance of Bambara groundnut seeds stored for five years. Three genotypes (SS 3.4.2, BBL 1.1, and TVSU 8.6) were treated with GA3 at concentrations of 0, 75, 150, and 225 ppm, and germination and vigor parameters were evaluated. The results showed that GA3 application improved the performance of aged seeds, with 225 ppm identified as the most effective dose. Genotype SS 3.4.2 responded particularly well at this concentration, while BBL 1.1 consistently exhibited superior overall performance across treatments. These findings highlight the potential of GA3 to mitigate the adverse effects of seed aging and enhance seedling establishment. The application of GA3 represents a practical approach for improving the viability of stored seeds.
Fruit and Seeds Development and Seed Germination of Andaliman Pepper (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) Fahmi, Mochammad; Widajati, Eny; Palupi, Endah Retno; Rostiana, Otih
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 13 No. 01 (2026): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.13.01.75-93

Abstract

Andaliman is a species found in the Lake Toba region of North Sumatra, Indonesia. To determine its optimal harvest time and the length of its physiological maturity, it is necessary to observe fruit development in new locations outside its natural habitat. Andaliman seeds are known for their low germination rates and are classified as endospermic seeds. This study aims to analyze the stages of fruit and seed development, evaluate the effects of seed treatments, and identify the most effective germination test methods for andaliman seeds. Seeds were treated with a 50% H2SO4 solution for 15 min and with a 200 ppm GA3 + 100 ppm kinetin solution for 48 hr. The seeds were then tested using pleated paper and top paper media to assess germination response. Changes in fruit coloration indicated various stages of development: intense yellowish-green at 17 weeks after anthesis, deep yellowish-green at 20 weeks, deep red at 23 weeks, and dark greyish-yellowish-brown at 26 weeks. During development, some fruits experienced embryo abortion, resulting in many empty or wrinkled seeds. The seeds reached physiological maturity at 23 weeks after anthesis, as indicated by a deep red fruit color, increased seed dry weight, and enhanced germination and seed growth rates. The treatment with GA3 and kinetin yielded the highest germination rate of 20%, with the pleated paper method proving to be the most effective for germination testing.
Cryopreservation of Terap (Artocarpus elasticus Reinw. ex. Blume) Seeds: Viability and Structural Characterization Wardani, Fitri Fatma; Efendi, Darda; Suhartanto, Mohamad Rahmad; Purwoko, Bambang Sapta; Latifah, Dian
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 13 No. 01 (2026): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.13.01.199-211

Abstract

Terap (Artocarpus elasticus Reinw. ex Blume) is an underutilized fruit tree native to Indonesia, valued both for its edible fruit and its diverse applications in traditional medicine. Terap seeds are recalcitrant, so cryopreservation is the most effective method for their long-term preservation. This study aimed to determine the optimal loading and vitrification times for cryopreservation to maintain seed viability. A factorial, completely randomized design was employed with two factors: loading time (0 and 20 min) and vitrification time (0, 30, and 60 min). Seed viability after loading and vitrification treatment with or without freezing in liquid nitrogen was evaluated using tetrazolium chloride (TTZ) and germination tests. Results indicated that the loading and vitrification treatments did not yet improve the viability of terap seeds after cryopreservation, as determined by the TTZ and germination tests. The TTZ test showed that the viability of all treated seeds decreased, regardless of whether they were frozen in liquid nitrogen. Germination tests revealed that all treated seeds without freezing had reduced germination, while none of the seeds treated with freezing germinated. Structural analysis indicated that freezing alters cell degradation, likely due to the formation of ice crystals and mechanical stress. To improve the success of terap seed cryopreservation, future efforts should focus on optimizing exposure times, reducing PVS2 toxicity, and enhancing cryoprotectant penetration by removing the seed coat or using the embryo axis as an explant.
Potential of Silybum marianum Aqueous Extract to Inhibit Rhizoctonia solani Growth and Pathogenesis Al-Thabhawi, Saleh H; Al-Haidary, Firas H; Khalaf, Hussein A; Kadhim, Jamal H
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 13 No. 01 (2026): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.13.01.94-102

Abstract

The present study evaluated the effects of a cold aqueous extract of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) on the growth of the soil-borne pathogen Rhizoctonia solani and on wheat seed germination and seedling development. In vitro assays demonstrated that the extract significantly inhibited fungal growth, with concentrations up to 7.5% completely preventing proliferation. Pot experiments further revealed that soil treated with both R. solani biomass and its culture medium, particularly in the presence of milk thistle extract, resulted in a drastic reduction in wheat seed germination to 30% and complete seedling mortality within 10 days. Notably, when fungal biomass and its medium were treated with increasing concentrations of milk thistle extract (2.5%–10%), wheat seed germination rates improved markedly, ranging from 83% to 93%. In comparison, seedling death decreased from 16% to 10%. Furthermore, seedlings grown under these conditions exhibited significant increases in shoot and root length, as well as overall biomass, compared with controls grown on potato dextrose agar (PDA) alone. These results suggest that milk thistle extract may serve as an effective pre-planting seed treatment, enhancing wheat germination and seedling vigor while reducing susceptibility to Rhizoctonia solani during early developmental stages.

Page 31 of 32 | Total Record : 315

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