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INDONESIA
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan indonesia
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : 14124939     EISSN : 25027085     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Social,
Environmental Science Public Health
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia (JKLI, p-ISSN: 1412-4939, e-ISSN:2502-7085, http://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/jkli) provides a forum for publishing the original research articles related to: Environmental Health Environmental Epidemiology Environmental Health Risk Assessment Environmental Health Technology Environmental-Based Diseases Environmental Toxicology Water and Sanitation Waste Management Pesticides Exposure Vector Control Food Safety
Arjuna Subject : Profesi Kesehatan - Profesi Kesehatan (Lain-Lain)
Articles 439 Documents
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Analisis Jaringan Stakeholder pada Pengelolaan Limbah Bahan Berbahaya dan Beracun Rumah Sakit di Jakarta Eva Melyna Virlya; Tri Edhi Budhi Soesilo; Edward Nixon Pakpahan; Nova Amalia Sakina
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 22, No 3 (2023): Oktober 2023
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.22.3.294-303

Abstract

Latar belakang: Pengelolaan Limbah Bahan Berbahaya dan Beracun (LB3) rumah sakit di Jakarta masih menjadi permasalahan yang kompleks, terutama pada masa Covid-19. Apabila tidak ditangani dengan baik akan berpotensi sebagai media penyebaran virus. Pengelolaan tersebut memerlukan identifikasi LB3 dan kerjasama pengelolaan dari pemangku kepentingan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis jumlah dan jenis LB3, membandingkan kinerja pelaksanaan pengelolaan limbah dan menganalisis jaringan pemangku kepentingan dalam mengelola LB3 rumah sakit di Jakarta.Metode: Desain penelitian kuantitatif digunakan untuk menjawab tujuan penelitian. Analisis deskriptif digunakan untuk menggambarkan jumlah limbah dan pengelolaan LB3 medis padat dari tahun 2018-2022. Metode Analytical Netwrok Theory (ANT) dengan bantuan perangkat lunak UNICET digunakan untuk menganalisis jaringan pemangku kepentingan dalam pengelolaan limbah di 4 rumah sakit (2 swasta dan 2 pemerintah) di DKI Jakarta.Hasil: Terjadi peningkatan limbah sebesar 11-264% dengan lebih dari 90% tergolong jenis limbah infeksius pada 4 rumah sakit yang diteliti. Terdapat 1 rumah sakit swasta dan 1 rumah sakit pemerintah masih memerlukan perbaikan kinerja dalam aspek non teknis pengelolaan yaitu pendataan dan pencatatan, pelaksanaan perizinan, dan pelaksanaan ketentuan dalam izin. Nilai network centralizaiton index 8,81% menunjukkan aktor atau pemangku kepentingan tersebut tidak ada yang mendominasi atau tidak kuatnya sentralitas sebagai fasilitator di dalam jaringan. Dinas Lingkungan Hidup (DLH) adalah pemangku kepentingan yang memiliki kemampuan sebagai fasilitator paling tinggi ke aktor lain yang tidak berhubungan langsung dengannya atau dapat dikatakan bahwa para pemangku kepentingan lain dapat melalui DLH untuk berhubungan dengan aktor lainnya.Simpulan: Peningkatan LB3 terjadi di 4 rumah sakit yang diteliti sehingga perlu adanya perbaikan kinerja dalam pengelolaan LB3. DLH merupakan pemangku kepentingan yang memiliki peran penting dalam jaringan stakeholder pengolahan LB3 rumah sakit di DKI Jakarta. ABSTRACT Title: Stakeholder Network Analysis on Hazardous and Toxic Waste Management in Hospitals in JakartaBackground: Management of Hazardous and Toxic Waste (LB3) in hospitals in Jakarta is still a complex problem, especially during the Covid-19 period. If not handled properly, it will potentially be a medium for spreading the virus. Such management requires the identification of LB3 and management cooperation from stakeholders. This study aims to analyze the amount and type of LB3, compare the performance of waste management implementation and analyze the network of stakeholders in managing LB3 of hospitals in Jakarta.Methods: Quantitative research design is used to answer research objectives. Descriptive analysis was used to describe the amount of waste and management of solid medical LB3 from 2018-2022. The Analytical Network Theory (ANT) method, with the help of UNICET software, was used to analyze stakeholder networks in waste management in 4 hospitals (2 private and two government) in DKI Jakarta.Results: There was an increase in waste by 11-264%, with more than 90% classified as infectious waste types in the four hospitals studied. One private hospital and one government hospital still require performance improvement in non-technical management aspects, namely data collection and recording, implementation of permits, and implementation of permit provisions. The network centralization index value of 8.81% indicates that none of these actors or stakeholders dominates or lack centrality as facilitators in the network. The Environmental Agency (DLH) is a stakeholder who has the highest ability as a facilitator to other actors who are not directly related to him, or it can be said that other stakeholders can go through DLH to connect with other actors.Conclusion: The increase in LB3 occurred in the four hospitals studied, so there is a need for improved performance in LB3 management. DLH is a stakeholder who has an essential role in the LB3 processing stakeholder network of hospitals in DKI Jakarta.
Determinants Affecting Mariyai Village Housewives' Practice of Food Sanitation Hygiene Istiqomah Zakiyah Shodiq; Dyah Suryani; Solikhah Solikhah
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 22, No 3 (2023): Oktober 2023
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.22.3.320-327

Abstract

Latar belakang: Hygiene sanitasi makanan (HSM) merupakan upaya untuk menjaga kebersihan yang dapat dilakukan agar makanan yang diolah tidak tercemar oleh kotoran, bakteri dan lainnya. Makanan yang terkontaminasi oleh bakteri dapat menyebabkan gangguan kesehatan. Hal tersebut dapat disebabkan karena pengelolaan makanan yang tidak higienis. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan penerapan hygiene sanitasi makanan ibu rumah tangga di Kelurahan Mariyai.Metode: Jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan metode observasional analitik dan desain Cross-Sectional. Sampel penelitian yaitu ibu rumah tangga sebanyak 234 orang di Kelurahan Mariyai, Distrik Mariat, Kabupaten Sorong, Provinsi Papua Barat. Proportional random sampling technique digunakan untuk menentukan sampel pada penelitian ini. Instrumen penelitian yaitu kuesioner dan lembar check list. Analisis data menggunakan analisis univariat, analisis bivariat dengan uji statistik Chi-Square, dan Binary Logistic Regression.Hasil: Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, ada hubungan antara pengetahuan (p-value = 0,002) dan fasilitas sanitasi (p-value = 0,000) dengan penerapan hygiene sanitasi makanan. Tidak ada hubungan antara usia (p-value = 0,918), tingkat pendidikan (p-value = 0,193), status bekerja (p-value = 0,634) dan sikap (p-value = 0,110) dengan penerapan hygiene sanitasi makanan.Simpulan: Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa tingkat pengetahuan dan fasilitas sanitasi merpakan variabel yang berhubungan dengan penerapan hygiene sanitasi makanan ibu rumah tangga. Oleh karena itu, diharapkan kepada petugas kesehatan Puskesmas Mariat untk lebih aktif dalam memberikan inovasi penyuluhan tetang hygiene sanitasi rumah tangga di wilayah kerja puskeamasnya. ABSTRACT Title: Determinants Affecting Mariyai Village Housewives' Practice of Food Sanitation Hygiene Background: Food sanitation hygiene is an effort to maintain cleanliness that can be done so that the food that is processed is not contaminated by dirt, bacteria, and others. Food contaminated by bacteria can cause health problems. This can be caused by unhygienic food management. The objective of this study was to determine the variables associated with housewives' implementation of food sanitation hygiene in Mariyai Village.Method: This type of qualitative research with the analytic observational method and Cross-Sectional design. The research sample was 234 housewives in the Mariyai Village, Mariat District, Sorong Regency, West Papua Province. A proportional random sampling technique was used to determine the sample in this study. The research instruments are questionnaires and checklist sheets. Univariate analysis, bivariate analysis with the Chi-Square test, and multivariate analysis with the Multiple Logistic Regression test all had been used for the data analysis.Result: The study's findings indicated that the practice of food sanitation hygiene was correlated with knowledge (p-value = 0.002) and access to sanitation facilities (p-value = 0.000). Age (p-value = 0.918), education (p-value = 0.193), employment (p-value = 0.634), and attitude (p-value = 0.110) do not correlate with the use of food sanitation hygiene.Conclusion: This study found that the level of knowledge and sanitation facilities were variables related to the application of housewife food sanitation hygiene. Therefore, it is hoped that Mariat Health Center health workers will be more active in providing counseling innovations about household sanitation hygiene in their work area.
Literature Review: Dampak Mikroplastik Terhadap Lingkungan Pesisir, Biota Laut dan Potensi Risiko Kesehatan Ayu Aulia; R Azizah; Lilis Sulistyorini; Muhammad Addin Rizaldi
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 22, No 3 (2023): Oktober 2023
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.22.3.328-341

Abstract

Latar Belakang: Sampah plastik masih menjadi masalah berat di dunia. Sampah plastik adalah akumulasi benda-benda plastik (misalnya, botol plastik dan banyak lagi) di lingkungan bumi yang berdampak negatif terhadap kehidupan makhluk hidup. Sebagian besar degradasi menghasilkan serat dan mikroplastik berserabut. Mikroplasstik berpotensi menyebabkan gangguan metabolism, neurotoksisitas dan peningkatan risiko kanker pada manusia. Selain itu mikroplastik dapat menimbulakn potensi risiko kesehatn seperti : gangguan kekebalan, neurotoksisitas, gangguan reproduksi serta karsinogenik. Kajian literatur yang akan dilakukan mengenai dampak mikroplastik terhadap lingkungan pesisir, biota serta potensi risiko kesehatan yang disebabkan oleh paparan mikroplastik.Metode: Penelitia ini merupakan sebuah literature Review. Database yang digunakan dalam pencarian artikel ini menggunakan Google Scholar dan ScienceDirect dengan kata kunci "microplastic, plastic waste effect, coastal microplastic, microplastic marine fish, microplastic and health effect", yang telah dilakukan oleh peneliti-peneliti sebelumnya baik dari dalam maupun luar negeri. Artikel yang didapatkan diseleksi sesuai topik mengenai pencemaran mikropalstik di wilayah pesisir, yang bisa di download, dan artikel yang terbit mulai 2018-2022. Artikel yang direview sebanyak 13 artikel yang relevan dan sesuai topik .Hasil: Hasil review menemukan bahwa yang paling banyak terkontaminasi mikroplastik adalah biota laut sebanyak 8 Artikel yang ditemukan, bentuk mikroplastik yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah fiber dan fragment sebanyak 8 artikel yang ditemukan dan polimer mikroplastik yang ditemukan paling banyak polypropylene sebanyak 7 artikel. Jenis polimer mikropalstik yang terdeteksi berpotensi menyebabkan permasalahan kesehatan seperti gangguan metabolism, gangguan saluran pencernaan, gangguan fungsi hati, gangguan fungsi ginjal, kanker,  gangguan resporoduksi dan mudah lupa.Simpulan: berdasarkan literature review yang dilakukan dapat disumpulakn bahwa mikropalstik sudah banyak mencemari lingkungan pesisir, sediment, air laur, dan biota laut yang berpotensi mengkontaminasi manusia dan berpotensi menyebabkan potensi risiko kesehatan seperti gangguan metabolisme, gangguan saluran pencernaan, gangguan fungsi hati, gangguan fungsi ginjal, kanker,  gangguan resporoduksi dan mudah lupa. ABSTRACT Literature Review: The Impact of Microplastics on Coastal Environments, Marine Life and Potential Health RisksBackground: Plastic waste is still a serious problem in the world. Plastic waste is the accumulation of plastic objects (for example, plastic bottles and more) in the earth's environment that negatively affect living things’ lives. Most degradation results in filamentous fibers and microplastics. Microplasstics can potentially cause metabolic disorders, neurotoxicity and an increased risk of cancer in humans. In addition, microplastics can pose potential health risks such as: immune disorders, neurotoxicity, reproductive disorders and carcinogenic. A literature review will be conducted on the impact of microplastics on coastal environments, biota and potential health risks caused by exposure to microplastics. Method: This research is a literature review. The database used in searching this article uses Google Scholar and ScienceDirect with the keywords "microplastic, plastic waste effect, coastal microplastic, microplastic marine fish, microplastic and health effect", which has been done by previous researchers both from within and outside the country. The articles obtained are selected according to topics regarding microplastic pollution in coastal areas, which can be downloaded, and articles published from 2018-2022. The articles reviewed were 13 articles that were relevant and on-topicResults: The results of the review found that the most contaminated with microplastics were marine life as many as 8 articles  found, the most forms of microplastics found were fibers and fragments as many as 8 articles found and microplastic polymers found the most polypropylene as many as 7 articles. The types of microplastic polymers detected have the potential to cause health problems such as metabolic disorders, digestive tract disorders, liver function disorders, kidney function disorders, cancer, resporoduction disorders and forgetfulness.Conclusion: Based on the literature review conducted, it can be concluded that microplastics have polluted many coastal environments, sediments, water, and marine life that have the potential to contaminate humans and potentially cause potential health risks such as metabolic disorders, digestive tract disorders, liver function disorders, kidney function disorders, cancer, reproductive disorders and forgetfulness. 
Analisis Risiko Paparan Gas H2S Terhadap Pemulung di TPA Air Dingin Kota Padang Rahmi Hidayanti; Erick Zicof; Awalia Gusti; Aidil Onasis; Erdi Nur
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 23, No 1 (2024): Februari 2024
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.23.1.25-33

Abstract

Latar belakang: Gas hidrogen sulfida (H2S), yang mudah terbakar dan berbau, akan dibusukan anaerob oleh mikroorganisme dalam sampah. Jumlah timbulan sampah per hari lebih dari 500 ton. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi potensi bahaya yang ditimbulkan oleh paparan gas hidrogen sulfida kepada pemulung di TPA Air Dingin..Metode: Jenis penelitian ini ialah naratif menggunakan metode kuantitatif pendekatan Analisis Risiko Lingkungan (ARKL). Pengukuran konsentrasi H2S pada ketika pagi dan  sore hari sebanyak 3 titik. Data pada analisis secara univariat serta analisis risiko.Hasil: Konsentrasi gas H2S pagi hari tertinggi sebanyak 0,006 ppm, konsentrasi gas H2S sore hari tertinggi 0,00 ppm serta homogen-homogen konsentrasi gas H2S 0,005 ppm. Nilai RQ realtime 0,93, sedangkan nilai RQ lifetime 1,98, pada atas 1.Simpulan: Kandungan gas H2S pada TPA Air Dingin mempunyai risiko gangguan kesehatan terhadap pemulung, sebagai akibatnya perlu dilakukan manajemen risiko, pemantauan dan  pengukuran gas H2S dan  penggunaan indera pelindung diri buat mengurangi pajanan gas H2S. ABSTRACT Title: Risk analysis Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) exposure to Scavenger in The Air Dingin Landfill Padang CityBackground: A gas called hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which is flammable and pungent, is created when trash is cardio-decomposed. One of the landfills, Air Dingin, produces H2S fuel. 500 tons of garbage are produced per day on average. This analysis aims to look into the possibility of scavengers at the Air Dingin dump being exposed to hydrogen sulfide fuel.Method: This study used the quantitative environmental risk analysis (ARKL) approach and was a descriptive research project. 58 scavengers were used as the sample in this investigation using a straightforward random sampling method. H2S concentration was measured at three intervals in the morning and afternoon. Univariate and risk analyses were used to analyze the data.Result: The highest concentration of H2S gas in the morning was 0,00 ppm, the highest concentration H2S gas in the afternoon wa 0,006 ppm and average concentration of H2S gas was 0,005 ppm. The realtime RQ value is 0,93, while the lifetime RQ value is 1,98, above 1.Conclusion: The H2S gas content in the Air Dingin Landfill has risk of health problems for scavengers, so it necessary to carry out risk management, monitoring and measuring H2S gas and using personal protective equipment to minimize H2S gas exposure
Karakteristik Risiko Kesehatan Non Karsinogenik Akibat Paparan Gas SO2 dan NO2 pada Pemulung di TPA Jatibarang Kota Semarang Lina Nur Qolifah; Nur Endah Wahyuningsih; Yusniar Hanani Darundiati
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 23, No 1 (2024): Februari 2024
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.23.1.50-58

Abstract

Latar belakang: Timbulan sampah di TPA Jatibarang Kota Semarang tahun 2022 didominasi sampah sisa makanan dengan peresentase sebesar 60,79%. Dekomposisi anaerob menghasilkan gas berbahaya seperti CH4, CO2, NH3, N2O, SO2 dan NO2 yang dapat mencemari udara dan menganggu sistem pernapasan. Pemulung yang bekerja dan bertempat tinggal di area TPA Jatibarang menjadi kelompok berisiko mengalami gangguan sistem pernapasan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis risiko kesehatan lingkungan paparan gas SO2 dan NO2 pada pemulung di TPA Jatibarang.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan observasional analitik dengan pendekatan ARKL. Populasi subjek berjumlah 250 pemulung dan sampel subjek sebanyak 77 pemulung dengan pengambilan sampel secara sistem random sampling. Sampel objek yaitu udara ambien pada 5 titik di TPA Jatibarang yang didapatkan dari arah mata angin dominan. Analisis data yang dilakukan adalah analisis univariat dan analisis risiko kesehatan lingkungan.Hasil: Hasil pengukuran menunjukkan konsentrasi gas SO2 memiliki rata-rata  49,78 µg/Nm3, minimal 47,1 µg/Nm3, maksimal 53,6 µg/Nm3, dan standar deviasi 2,37. Konsentrasi gas NO2 memiliki rata-rata 70,66 µg/Nm3, minimal 69,2 µg/Nm3, maksimal 71,6 µg/Nm3, dan standar deviasi 1,09. Rata-rata lama pajanan 8,78 jam/hari, frekuensi pajanan 325,71 hari/tahun, durasi pajanan 11 tahun, dan berat badan 57,05 kg. Intake akibat paparan gas SO2 pada pemulung memiliki rata-rata  0,0070 mg/kg/hari (realtime) dan 0,0161 mg/kg/hari (lifetime), untuk paparan gas NO2 memiliki rata-rata  0,0099 mg/kg/hari (realtime) dan 0,0228 mg/kg/hari (lifetime).Simpulan: Karakteristik risiko kumulatif non karsinogenik proyeksi realtime menunjukkan sebanyak 27 (35,06%) pemulung memiliki RQkum>1 dan proyeksi lifetime 76 (98,70%) pemulung memiliki RQkum>1 berarti terdapat risiko gangguan kesehatan non karsinogenik akibat pajanan gas SO2 dan NO2. ABSTRACT Title: Health Risk Assessment for Non-Carcinogenic SO2 and NO2 Exposure to Scavengers at Jatibarang Landfill Semarang CityBackground: Waste generation at the Jatibarang Landfill Semarang City in 2022 is dominated by food waste with a percentage of 60.79%. Anaerobic decomposition produces dangerous gases such as CH4, CO2, NH3, N2O, SO2, and NO2 which can pollute the air and disrupt the respiratory system. Scavengers who work and live in the Jatibarang landfill area are at risk of experiencing respiratory system problems. This study aims to analyze the environmental health risks of exposure to SO2 and NO2 gases among scavengers at the Jatibarang landfill.Methods: This research is an analytical observational research using the EHRA approach. The subject population was 250 scavengers and 77 scavengers as subjects using a system random sampling. The object samples are ambient air at 5 points at the Jatibarang Landfill obtained from the dominant cardinal direction. The data analysis carried out was univariate analysis and environmental health risk analysis.Results: The measurement results show that the SO2 gas concentration averages 49.78 µg/Nm3, a minimum of 47.1 µg/Nm3, a maximum of 53.6 µg/Nm3, and a standard deviation of 2.37. NO2 gas concentration has an average of 70.66 µg/Nm3, a minimum of 69.2 µg/Nm3, a maximum of 71.6 µg/Nm3, and a standard deviation of 1.09. The average duration of exposure was 8.78 hours/day, frequency of exposure 325.71 days/year, duration of exposure 11 years, and body weight 57.05 kg. Intake due to exposure to SO2 gas in scavengers has an average of 0.0070 mg/kg/day (real-time) and 0.0161 mg/kg/day (lifetime), for exposure to NO2 gas has an average of 0.0099 mg/kg/ day (realtime) and 0.0228 mg/kg/day (lifetime).Conclusion: The cumulative non-carcinogenic risk characteristics for realtime projections show that as many as 27 scavengers (35.06%) have an RQcum >1 and for a lifetime projection 76  (98.70%) scavengers have an RQcum >1, which means there is a risk of non-carcinogenic health problems due to exposure SO2 and NO2 gases.
Analisis Faktor Risiko Diare Pada Balita di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Jayapura Utara Apriyana Irjayanti; Maxsi Irmanto; Tri Furianto Wibowo
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 23, No 1 (2024): Februari 2024
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.23.1.1-9

Abstract

Latar belakang: Kasus penyakit diare di Puskesmas Jayapura Utara menurun namun setiap bulannya tercatat ditemukan kasus baru dan wilayah kerjanya memiliki kelurahan dengan lingkungan padat hunian di pusat kota. Maksud penelitian ini adalah mengenal faktor risiko diare pada balita di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Jayapura Utara.Metode: Desain penelitian menggunakan kuantitatif observasional dengan pendekatan case control study. Populasi yaitu seluruh balita diare yang berkunjung ke Puskesmas Jayapura Utara pada bulan Juli-Agustus tahun 2022 sebanyak 30 balita dan sampel sebanyak 60 balita (kelompok kasus dan kontrol adalah 1:1). Pengukuran dalam penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner dan periksaan angka kuman usap alat makan/minum memakai metode ALT (Angka Lempeng Total). Analisa data yang digunakan analisis bivariat dengan uji chi-square dan multivariat memakai regresi binary logistic.Hasil: Balita tidak diare paling banyak memiliki penanganan sampah yang buruk (80%) dari pada balita diare (50%), sedangkan untuk variabel lainnya terpenuhi syarat baik kelompok kasus dan kontrol. Uji statistik menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara higiene sanitasi makanan/minuman (p-value = 0,015, OR = 5,211) dan penanganan sampah (p-value = 0,015, OR = 0,250) dengan kejadian diare dan tidak berhubungan antara keberadaan angka kuman pada peralatan makan/minum (p-value= 0,598, OR = 1,321), perilaku cuci tangan (p-value = 0,592, OR = 0,750), jenis lantai (p-value = 0,612, OR = 0,310), sarana air bersih (p-value = 0,145, OR = 0,235), dan sarana pembuangan tinja (p-value = 1,000, OR = 1,000) dengan kejadian diare. Analisis multivariat diperoleh faktor dominan ialah higiene sanitasi makanan/minuman (p-value= 0,024, OR =5,460).Simpulan: Hasil menunjukkan variabel higiene sanitasi makanan/minuman dan penanganan sampah berhubungan dengan kejadian diare pada balita di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Jayapura Utara, sedangkan faktor risiko dominan yaitu higiene sanitasi makanan/minuman. ABSTRACT Title: Analysis of Risk Factors for Diarrhea in Toddlers in the Working Area of the North Jayapura Health CenterBackground: Cases of diarrheal disease at the North Jayapura Health Center have decreased, however new cases are found every month and the working area has a sub-district with a densely populated environment in the city center. The purpose of this study was to identify the risk factors for diarrhea in toddlers in the working area of the North Jayapura Health Center.Methods: The research design uses a quantitative observational approach with a case control study. The population is all toddlers with diarrhea who visited the North Jayapura Health Center in July-August 2022 as many as 30 toddlers and a sample of 60 toddlers (case and control group is 1:1). Measurements in this study used a questionnaire and examined the germ count of eating/drinking utensils using the ALT (Total Plate Count) method. Data analysis used bivariate analysis with chi-square test and multivariate using binary logistic regression.Results: Toddlers without diarrhea mostly have poor waste handling (80%) than toddlers with diarrhea (50%), while the other variables meet the requirements for both the case and control groups. Statistical tests showed that there was a relationship between food/beverage hygiene (p-value = 0.015, OR = 5.211) and waste handling (p-value = 0.015, OR = 0.250) with the incidence of diarrhea and there was no relationship between the presence of germ numbers on cutlery /drinking (p-value= 0.598, OR = 1.321), hand washing behavior (p-value = 0.592, OR = 0.750), type of floor (p-value = 0.612, OR = 0.310), clean water facilities (p-value = 0.145, OR = 0.235), and faecal disposal facilities (p-value = 1.000, OR = 1.000) with the incidence of diarrhea. Multivariate analysis showed that the dominant factor was food/beverage hygiene (p-value = 0.024, OR = 5.460).Conclusion: The results show that the food/beverage sanitation hygiene and waste handling variables are related to the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers in the Jayapura Utara Health Center work area, while the dominant risk factor is food/beverage sanitation hygiene.
Hubungan Kadar Kesadahan dan Fluorida dalam Air Bersih pada Kejadian Penyakit Periodontal di Kecamatan Pundong, Kabupaten Bantul, Yogyakarta Bekti Nur'aini; Prayudha Benni Setiawan; Rieski Prihastuti; Budi Rodestawati; Christia Aye Waindy Vega
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 22, No 3 (2023): Oktober 2023
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.22.3.252-258

Abstract

Latar belakang: Penyakit periodontal termasuk masalah kesehatan oral di Indonesia dengan jumlah kasus periodontitis sebesar 74,10% pada tahun 2018. Penyakit periodontal pada tingkat keparahan tinggi dapat menyebabkan kehilangan gigi. Faktor primer penyebab penyakit periodontal adalah plak gigi dan diperkuat oleh keberadaan kalkulus. Terjadinya pembentukan kalkulus dapat meningkat bersama dengan jumlah kalsium dan mineral lainnya dalam saliva termasuk fluorida. Air sumur sebagai sumber air bersih yang digunakan masyarakat mengandung kesadahan dan fluorida. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan kadar kesadahan dan fluorida dalam air bersih pada kejadian penyakit periodontal di Kecamatan Pundong, Kabupaten Bantul, Yogyakarta.Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain case control (kasus kontrol). Subjek penelitian sebanyak 120 responden, 60 kasus terdiagnosis penyakit periodontal dan 60 kontrol tidak terdiagnosis penyakit periodontal. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer berupa sampel air bersih yang diujikan di Balai Laboratorium Kesehatan Yogyakarta, data sekunder berupa data penyakit periodontal dari rekam medis pasien Puskesmas Pundong, Kecamatan Pundong, Kabupaten Bantul Yogyakarta pada tahun 2016. Variabel bebas adalah kadar kesadahan dan fluorida dalam air bersih, variabel terikat adalah penyakit periodontal. Data yang diperoleh diuji menggunakan bivariate Chi Square dengan tingkat signifikansi 0,05 (5%).Hasil: Berdasarkan analisis bivariate, variabel kesadahan tidak berhubungan dengan kejadian penyakit periodontal (p=0,3153; OR=1,16), begitu pula variabel kadar fluorida tidak berhubungan dengan kejadian penyakit periodontal (p=0,1664; OR=1,7).Simpulan: Kadar kesadahan dan fluorida dalam air bersih tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan kejadian penyakit periodontal. ABSTRACT Title: Relationship between Hardness and Fluoride Levels in Water with Incidence of Periodontal Disease in Pundong District, Bantul Regency, YogyakartaBackground: Periodontal disease is one of oral health problems in Indonesia with 74.10% of periodontitis cases in 2018. Periodontal disease at high levels of severity can cause tooth loss. The primary factor causing periodontal disease is dental plaque and reinforced by the presence of calculus. The occurrence of calculus formation can increase along with the amount of calcium and other minerals in saliva including fluoride. Well water as a source of clean water used by the community contains hardness and fluoride. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between hardness and fluoride levels in water on the incidence of periodontal disease in Pundong District, Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta.Method: This research was analytical observational study with a case control design. The research subjects were 120 respondents, consisting of 60 cases with diagnosis of periodontal disease and 60 controls without diagnosis of periodontal disease. This study used primary data in the form of water samples tested at the Yogyakarta Health Laboratory Center, secondary data in the form of periodontal disease data from medical records of patients at the Puskesmas Kecamatan Pundong, Pundong District, Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta in 2016. The independent variables were fluoride and hardness levels in water, the dependent variable was periodontal disease. The data obtained was tested using Chi Square bivariate with a significance level of 0.05 (5%).Result: Based on bivariate analysis, the hardness variable was not associated with the incidence of periodontal disease (p=0.3153; OR=1.16), as well as the fluoride level variable was not associated with the incidence of periodontal disease (p=0.1664; OR=1, 7).Conclusion: Hardness and fluoride levels in water have no significant relationship with the incidence of periodontal disease.
Efek Arus Listrik Direct Curent (DC) sebagai Daya Kejut Terhadap Larva Aedes aegypti Syakhroni Syakhroni; Dwi Sutiningsih; Nurjazuli Nurjazuli
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 23, No 1 (2024): Februari 2024
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.23.1.19-24

Abstract

Latar belakang: Pengendalian DBD masih berfokus pada vektornya yang bertujuan untuk menurunkan kelimpahan nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Pengendalian DBD secara fisik dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif dalam pengendalian Ae. aegypti karena hal ini melengkapi pengendalian vektor terpadu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji prototipe alat yang berbasis kejutan listrik yang aman digunakan dan menggunakan arus direct current yang diaplikasikan pada air berisi larva Ae. aegypti untuk mengetahui pengaruhnya terhadap larva Ae. aegypti.Metode: Penelitian menggunakan larva Ae. aegypti instar III dan IV. Larva dipaparkan pada arus listrik DC dengan lima voltase uji yaitu 3, 4, 5, 6 dan 7 volt. Pengulangan dilakukan sebanyak 10 kali dan tiap uji digunakan 25 larva. Pengamatan dilakukan pada menit 15, 30, 1 jam, 2 jam, 3 jam dan 4 jam setelah perlakuan.Hasil: Perbedaan nilai voltase arus listrik direct current terhadap kematian larva Ae. aegypti berpengaruh signifikan (p< 0,05). Hubungan antara voltase dan kematian larva bersifat positif yang berarti semakin besar voltase maka semakin banyak kematian larva Ae. aegypti. Nilai probit perlakuan voltase input 7 volt merupakan nilai yang paling cepat dalam mematikan larva yaitu nilai LT50 yaitu 1,81 jam pada volume air uji 5 liter dan LT50: 0,54 jam pada volume uji 10 liter.Simpulan: Nilai voltase berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kematian larva Ae. aegypti. Nilai probit perlakuan voltase input 7 volt merupakan nilai yang paling cepat dalam mematikan larva Ae. aegypti. ABSTRACTTitle: Effect of Direct Curent Electricity as a Shock Force on Aedes aegypti LarvaeBackground: DHF control is still focused on the vector which aims to reduce the abundance of Aedes aegypti. Physical DHF control can be used as an alternative in controlling Ae. aegypti as this complements integrated vector management. The aim of this study is to test a prototype device based on electric shock that was safe to use and using direct current electricity that can be applied to water containing Ae. aegypti  larvae to determine the effect on the mortality of Ae. aegypti.Method: This study using Ae. aegypti instars III and IV. The larvae were exposed to direct current electricity with five test voltages namely 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 volts. Repetition was carried out 10 times with each test requiring as many as 25 larvae. Observations were made at 15, 30, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours and 4 hours after treatment.Result: The difference in the value of direct current electricity voltage to the mortality of Ae. aegypti larvae has a significant  different( p<0.05). The relationship between voltage and larval mortality is positive, which means that the greater the voltage, the more Ae. aegypti larvae death. The probit value for the 7-volt input voltage treatment was the  fastest in killing the larvae, namely the LT50 value of 1.81 hours at 5 liters of water volume and LT50: 0.54 hours at 10 liters of water volume.Conclusion: The voltage value has a significant effect on the mortality of Ae. aegypti larvae. The probit value of the 3-volt input voltage treatment was the slowest in killing larvae and the 7-volt input voltage was the fastest in killing Ae. aegypti larvae
Penyisihan BOD, Minyak Dan Lemak Dalam Air Limbah Domestik Dengan Menggunakan Karbon Aktif Dari Kulit Pisang Vina Rofikoh; Badrus Zaman; Budi Prasetyo Samadikun
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 23, No 1 (2024): Februari 2024
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.23.1.59-66

Abstract

Latar belakang: BOD, minyak dan lemak dalam air limbah domestik berbahaya bagi lingkungan. Polutan tersebut dapat dihilangkan dengan teknik adsorpsi menggunakan karbon aktif kulit pisang dengan efisiensi mencapai 70%. Tujuan penelitian yaitu mengkaji pengaruh dosis karbon aktif dan waktu kontak terhadap penyisihan BOD, minyak dan lemak, serta kinetika adsorpsinya, morfologi permukaan dan unsur kimia karbon aktif kulit pisang.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap Faktorial. Faktor pertama dosis karbon (1,5 g, 3 g, 4,5 g) dan faktor kedua waktu kontak (30, 60, dan 90 menit), dengan 2 ulangan. Percobaan adsorpsi menggunakan sistem batch dengan gelas beker. Parameter penelitian meliputi BOD yang dianalisis dengan titrasi iodometri (SNI-6989.72:2009), serta minyak dan lemak dengan metode gravimetri (SNI-6989.10:2011). Analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif yang meliputi efisiensi penyisihan, kinetika adsorpsi, morfologi permukaan dan elemen karbon aktif.   Hasil: : Dosis karbon aktif dan waktu kontak mampu menyisihkan BOD, minyak dan lemak hingga 24% dan 97%. Kinetika adsorpsi pseudo-second-order dengan R2 0,98 dan 0,99 menggambarkan adsorpsi BOD, minyak dan lemak. Karbon aktif sebelum adsorpsi pori-porinya terbuka dan permukaannya bersih, sedangkan setelah adsorpsi pori-porinya tertutup, permukaan padat, dan bergelombang. Elemen karbon sebelum adsorpsi terdiri dari C, O, K sebesar 76,53%, 19,46%, 2,24%, dan setelah adsorpsi terdiri dari C 78,94% dan O 19,87%.Simpulan: Dosis karbon dan waktu kontak berpengaruh terhadap penyisihan BOD, minyak dan lemak. Kinetika adsorpsi pseudo-second-order menggambarkan adsorpsi BOD, minyak dan lemak. Morfologi permukaan dan unsur karbon aktif sebelum dan sesudah adsorpsi berbeda. Title: Removal of BOD, Oil and Grease in Domestic Wastewater Using Activated Carbon from Banana PeelsBackground: BOD, oil and grease in domestic wastewater are harmful to the environment. These pollutants can be removed  with adsorption techniques by activated carbons using banana  peels with an efficiency  up to 70%. The aim of the study was to analyze the impact of activated carbon doses and the contact time on BOD, oil and grease removal, as well as the kinetics of adsorption, surface morphology and chemical elements  from banana peel activated carbon.Method: This experiment used a factorial completely randomized design. The first factor was carbon dosage (1.5 g, 3 g, 4.5 g) and the second was contact time (30, 60, and 90 minutes), with 2 replications. The adsorption experiment used a batch system with a glass beaker. The research parameters included BOD analyzed by iodometric titration (SNI-6989.72:2009), and oil and grease by gravimetric method (SNI-6989.10:2011). Data analysis using descriptive analysis which includes removal efficiency, adsorption kinetics, surface morphology and activated carbon elements.Result: The activated carbon dosage and contact time removed BOD, oil and grease up to 24% and 97%, respectively. Pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetics with R2 0.98 and 0.99 described the adsorption of BOD, oil and grease. Activated carbon before adsorption had open pores and a clean surface, while after adsorption the pores were closed, and the surface was solid and ridged. The carbon element before adsorption consists of C, O, and K at 76.53%, 19.46%, and 2.24%, and after adsorption consists of C at 78.94% and O at 19.87%.Conclusion: Carbon dosage and contact time affected the removal of BOD, oil and grease. The pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetics described the adsorption of BOD, oil and grease. The surface morphologies and elements from activated carbon before and after adsorption  as different.
Strategi Pengelolaan Air Limbah Domestik di Kawasan Permukiman Hulu Sungai Kelurahan Hutaimbaru Kota Padangsidimpuan Dian Ramadhan; Shinta Indah; Denny Helard
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 22, No 3 (2023): Oktober 2023
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.22.3.274-281

Abstract

Latar belakang: Daerah bantaran sungai di daerah permukiman hulu Sungai Aek Sarupak memiliki karakteristik geografis dan iklim yang lebih sulit karena keterbatasan akses jalan, lahan dan kendala ekonomi yang membuat sulit untuk menerapkan sistem pelayanan sanitasi. Jumlah keluarga yang tidak memiliki akses sanitasi di Kelurahan Hutaimbaru pada tahun 2021 sebesar 241 KK dari 920 KK (26,2%). Wilayah ini telah memiliki fasilitas sanitasi berupa MCK umum dan IPAL komunal. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk meningkatkan akses sanitasi lingkungan bagi masyarakat dengan menentukan strategi pengelolaan air limbah domestik yang sesuai dan tepat untuk diterapkan di wilayah studi.Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan mixed methods atau metode kombinasi. Lokasi penelitian di wilayah permukiman pada hulu Sungai Aek Sarupak Kelurahan Hutaimbaru, Kota Padangsidimpuan pada bulan Oktober 2022. Identifikasi kondisi eksisting pengelolaan air limbah domestik dilakukan melalui observasi lapangan, kuesioner masyarakat dan wawancara. Pengambilan sampel kuesioner masyarakat dilakukan dengan quota sampling dengan total responden 108 KK. Analisis untuk menentukan program prioritas menggunakan metode AHP. Analisis untuk menentukan strategi penerapan program prioritas menggunakan analisis SWOT.Hasil: Hasil analisis kondisi eksisting sanitasi di wilayah studi baru mencapai 46,3% akses sanitasi dasar dengan akses sanitasi layak sebanyak 30,56% dan 53,70% tanpa ada akses sarana sanitasi. Program prioritas yang cocok diterapkan adalah program Stop BABS, program pembangunan IPAL komunal, program penyusunan regulasi/kebijakan pengelolaan air limbah domestik di wilayah bantaran sungai, program bantuan dari pemerintah dan program pembangunan jamban dan IPAL komunal melalui kerja sama dengan lembaga lain. Strategi penerapan program prioritas dilakukan dengan menerapkan kegiatan pendukung untuk meminimalkan kelemahan dan memanfaatkan peluang agar program prioritas dapat terlaksanan dengan baik.Simpulan: Pengelolaan air limbah domestik yang baik dan tepat erat hubungannya dengan dukungan dari stakeholder, partisipasi masyarakat, kebijakan/peraturan, pemerintah dan alokasi dana untuk kegiatan sanitasi. ABSTRACT Title: Strategy for Domestic Wastewater Management in Upstream Residential Areas, Hutaimbaru Village, Padangsidimpuan City. Background: The riverbank areas in the settlement areas upstream of the Aek Sarupak River have more difficult geographical and climatic characteristics due to limited access to roads and land and economic constraints, making it challenging to implement a sanitation service system. The number of families without access to sanitation in Hutaimbaru Village in 2021 is 241 families out of 920 families (26.2%). This area already has sanitation facilities in the form of public MCK and communal WWTP. The research aims to increase access to environmental sanitation for the community by determining appropriate and appropriate domestic wastewater management strategies to be implemented in the study area..Method: This research is descriptive research with mixed methods or combination methods. The research location was in a residential area upstream of the Aek Sarupak River, Hutaimbaru Village, Padangsidimpuan City in October 2022. Identification of the existing conditions of domestic wastewater management was carried out using field observations, interviews and community questionnaires. A sampling of community questionnaires was carried out by quota sampling with 108 households as respondents. Analysis to determine priority programs using the AHP method. Analysis to determine the priority program implementation strategy uses SWOT analysis.Result: The results of the analysis of the existing condition of sanitation in the study area only reached 46.3% access to basic sanitation with access to proper sanitation of 30.56% and 53.70% without access to sanitation facilities. Priority programs that are suitable for implementation are the Stop Open Defecation program, the communal WWTP development program, the regulation/policy drafting program for domestic wastewater management in riverbank areas, government assistance programs and the latrine development program and communal WWTP through collaboration with other institutions. The strategy for implementing priority programs is carried out by implementing supporting activities to minimize weaknesses and take advantage of opportunities so that priority programs can be implemented properly.Conclusion: Proper and appropriate domestic wastewater management is closely related to support from stakeholders, community participation, policies/regulations, government and allocation of funds for sanitation activities.

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