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Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 25490273     EISSN : 25490273     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
Background: Increased blood pressure for a long time can increase the risk of kidney failure, co­ronary heart disease, brain damage, and other di­seases. In 2019, it is estimated that hyper­tens­ion is experienced by 1.13 billion people in the world with most (two thirds) living in low and mid­­dle income countries. Other study also shows that the police and military are at risk of develop­ing hypertension due to a number of factors such as low know­led­ge about healthy and nutritious food, co-workers who are smokers, and consum­ing alco­hol. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors for hypertension in the police and military in the world using meta analysis. Subjects and Method: This was a meta-ana­lysis and systematic review. The articles used we­re obtained from Google Scholar, Springer Link, Pro­­Quest, and Science Direct databases. Selected arti­cles published from 2000 to 2020. Keywords to search for articles are as follows: hypertension po­lice personnel and military, or hypertension po­lice personnel and military. The articles studi­ed are 3 full text articles with cross sectional stu­dy designs and 1 full text articles with case cont­rol study design. Articles are col­lect­ed using PRI­S­­­MA diagrams, and analy­zed us­ing the Re­vi­ew Ma­nager application 5.3. Results: Overweight (aOR= 1.42; 95% CI = 1.01 to 2.00; p= 0.04), alcohol consumption (aOR­=­ 1.­55; 95% CI= 1.12 to 2.12; p= 0.007), ciga­rette con­­­­sumption (aOR= 1.45 ; 95% CI= 1.06 to 1.97; p= 0.020) is a risk factor for hyper­­­tension in the po­­­lice and military. Conclusion: Overweight, alcohol consump­tion, and cigarette consump­tion, are risk fac­tors for hypertension in po­lice and military personnel.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 419 Documents
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The Impact of Long-Term Particulate Matter with Diameter Micrometers ≤2.5 Exposure on Type 2 Diabetes Risk: A Meta-Analysis Titik Anggraeni; Sarwoko; Herbasuki; Sri Sayekti Heni Sunaryanti
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 10 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2025.10.03.10

Abstract

Background: The rising global prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has prompted investigations into environmental risk factors beyond traditional lifestyle causes. Air pollution, particularly fine particulate matter (PM₂.₅) has emerged as a potential contributor to diabetes. This systematic review synthesizes evidence from large scale cohort studies to evaluate the association between long term air pollution exposure and T2D risk. Subjects and Method: We analyzed prospective cohort studies (2020–2025) assessing air pollution and incident T2D, sourced from PubMed, Web of Science and EMBASE using the search terms: ("air pollution" OR "PM2.5") AND ("type 2 diabetes" OR "T2D") AND ("cohort" OR "longitudinal"). We using PECO framework (Populatio= adults population; Exposure=High Exposure of PM2.5; Comparison=Low Exposure of PM2.5; Outcomes=T2D). The independent variable was Exposure of PM2.5 and dependent variable was T2D. Primary studies included were cohort manuscript published in english with year of publication between 2020 until 2025, reported adjusted hazard ratios (aHR), and the subjects was adults without diabetes at baseline. Studies were evaluated using the CASP Scale, and data were analyzed using RevMan 13. Results: This study includes 9 papers, using Cohort study designs, from China, United Kingdom, South Korea and United States. PM₂.₅ exposure consistently increased T2D risk with stronger effects at lower exposure levels (aHR = 1.24; 95% Cl = 1.07 to 1.42; p=0.004). Conclusion: Long-term PM₂.₅ exposure significantly increases T2D risk and progression
Effect of Noise Exposure on Occupational Stress and Hypertension among Workers: a Meta-Analysis Maria Paskanita Widjanarti; Sumardiyono; Aurina Firda Kusuma Wardani
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 10 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2025.10.03.09

Abstract

Background: The work environment greatly affects the health condition of the workers so that there are no work-related accidents or occupational diseases. Noisy physical environmental factors above the threshold value have a risk of causing occupational diseases such as psychological work stress and hypertension. This study aims to analyze the effect of noise exposure on occupational stress and hypertension among workers. Subjects and Method: This study is a systematic review and meta analysis with the following PICO. P: working society, I: exposure noise ≥85 dBA, C: not exposed to noise ≥85 dBA, O: Stress and Hypertension. This study used of articles published between 2009 and 2022 were comprehensively searched for using electronic databases like PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The keywords to search for articles were “noise exposure” OR “occupational noise” AND “occupational stress” OR “work stress” AND “hypertension”. The adjusted odds ratio was used to evaluate the effect size (aOR). To evaluate the bias risk, the Critical Appraisal Skill Program (CASP) was used. Articles were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 application. Results: This study includes 14 papers, using cross-sectional and case-control study designs, from Asia, including Indonesia, Malaysia, China, Jordan, and South Korea. Based on 5 studies cross-sectional on the effects of exposure to noise in the event of work stress, work stress increases 4.88 times compared to workers who are not exposed to noise (aOR=4.88; 95% CI= 1.77 to 13.47; p= 0.002). 9 subgroup studies with cross-sectional and case-control study designs on the effect of noise exposure showed an increase of 2.47 times the incidence of hypertension compared to workers who were not exposed to noise at work (aOR= 2.47; 95% CI= 1.75 to 3.48; p<0.001). Conclusion: Exposure to noise increases the risk of work-related stress and hypertension. Suggestions that can be made are to carry out engineering, periodic measurements, work time management, workforce education and use of PPE.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is the Risk Factor for Multi-drug Resistance Tuberculosis: A Meta-Analysis Bibit Irawan; Farit Setyo Nugroho; Nine Elissa Maharani
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 10 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2025.10.03.12

Abstract

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) has a significant risk of developing active Tuber-culosis (TB) and complicates its treatment. There is no conclusive evidence on whether TB-T2DM comorbidities are associated with an increased risk of Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB). The study aims to analyze and estimate the relationship of T2DM to MDR-TB incidence and to estimate the size of the combined effect. Subjects and Method: This study was a meta-analysis with PICO, Population: patients actively undergoing MDR-TB treatment. Intervention: Patients with comorbid Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Comparison: Tuberculosis patients without comorbid Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Output: MDR-TB (Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis). The articles used in this study were obtained from databases with keywords to search for articles were ("Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2" OR "diabetic" OR "diabetes") AND "tuberculosis" AND ("Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant" OR "drug resistance" OR "multidrug-resistant" OR "multidrug resistant" OR "multidrug resistance" OR "drug-resistant" OR "drug resistant"). Articles were selected based on inclusion criteria, is published in the form of an English full-text article from January 2015 to January 2025, reporting the relationship between T2DM and MDR-TB among TB patients. The articles were selected using the PRISMA flow diagram and analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 application. Results: This meta-analysis consisted of 9 articles originating from Europe, Asia, Africa and America. Results of the meta-analysis showed that the cohort study of type 2 diabetes mellitus had a 4.11 times greater risk of developing MDR-TB compared to people who did not have type 2 diabetes mellitus. In a control case study of type 2 diabetes mellitus, there was a 3.11 times greater risk of developing MDR-TB than people without type 2 diabetes mellitus, and both were statistically significant (aOR= 3.39; CI 95%= 2.05 to 8.24; p= 0.001). Conclusion: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for MDR TB.
EFFECTIVENESS OF LOW GLYCEMIC INDEX HIGH PROTEIN DIET ON AGES AND INTERLEUIKIN-6 LEVELS IN PCOS-INSULIN RESISTANCE MODEL MICE: Effectiveness of Low Glycemic Index High Protein Diet on Ages and Interleuikin-6 Levels in PCOS Insulin Resistance Model Mice Hany Puspita Aryani; Elizazihni Zatihulwani; Sugiyanta
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 10 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2025.10.04.06

Abstract

Background: A dietary approach that is low in carbohydrates and high in protein may enhance the management of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) by assessing serum concentrations of Interleukin 6 and AGEs. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a low carbohydrate, high protein diet in PCOS insulin resistance model mice on the level of  AGEs and Interleukin 6. Subjects and Method: This study used a post test only control group design, true experimental design. The number of samples in this study was 18 mice divided into 3 groups. The number of samples in each group was added 20% of the initial number of samples as a reserve for mice that died. The sample comparised six female rattus norvegicus mice aged 2-3 months, weighing 150-200 gr. The independent variable was the low glycemic index high protein (LGHIP) diet. The dependent variables were AGEs and Interleukin-6. Examination of blood serum of mice ELISA measurement of AGEs and IL-6 levels. Anova and Post Hoc tests were performed to compare AGEs and IL-6 levels between groups. Results: LGIHP diet decreased IL-6 levels of PCOS-IR model mice (p= 0.002). There was a significant difference between the K- and P groups in IL-6 levels (p= 0.002). Changes in AGEs levels between groups showed a significant difference (p= 0.015). Post Hoc test for AGEs levels showed significant differences between the K- and P groups (p= 0.023), the K+ group with the P group (p= 0.047). Conclusion: The LGIHP diet may serve as a potential dietary strategy for managing PCOS-IR. Regulating diet especially carbohydrates and glucose can improve the response to glucose secretion and inflammatory pathways, thereby affecting the significant risk of PCOS severity. Keywords: low glycemic index high protein diet, AGEs, IL-6, polycystic ovary syndrome.
Diagnostic Challenges and Innovations in the Detection of Dengue and Malaria Co-infection: A Systematic Review Sunday Thomas Sola; Olaniyi Felix Sanni; Abah Michael Idoko; Adamu Ishaku Akyala; Emmanuel Awa Anya-Awa; Kayode Akanbi
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2026.11.01.08

Abstract

Background: Dengue and malaria co-infection pose significant diagnostic challenges due to overlapping symptoms, leading to potential misdiagnosis and severe health outcomes. This systematic review explores diagnostic challenges, recent advancements in diagnostic technologies, and the impact of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) on clinical outcomes. Subjects and Method: This systematic review accesses the diagnostic challenges and innova­tions in detecting dengue and malaria co-infection in four African countries (Cameroon, Kenya, Nigeria, and Sudan). A systematic search was conducted usings several of electronic databases, such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus. The literature search across five databases (2014–2024) yielded 135 studies; 10 met inclusion criteria. These studies, mostly quantitative, used diagnostic methods like microscopy, RDTs, ELISA, PCR, and machine learning, focusing on febrile patients. Inclusion criteria required peer-reviewed English articles involving both diseases. Three studies used mixed methods and were appraised using CASP tools. Results: From the 10 articles used in this review several key themes were identified such as diagnostic accuracy, technological advancements, clinical impact of RDTs, and practice recommendations. The review found significant variations in diagnostic methods, including microscopy, serological tests, PCR, and RDTs. Traditional methods like microscopy, while commonly used, often suffer from variable accuracy due to dependency on operator skill and equipment quality. Innovations such as PCR and advanced serological tests offer higher accuracy but face barriers related to cost and accessibility in resource-limited settings. RDTs showed potential in improving diagnostic timeliness and accuracy, enhancing clinical outcomes. However, their sensitivity and specificity varied, highlighting the need for further validation and standardization. Conclusion: The study advocates for continuous innovation in diagnostic technologies and the implementation of cost-effective, accurate, and accessible diagnostic methods.
Design of a Streptococcus suis Meningitis Epidemiological Surveillance Application to Improve Zoonotic Disease Prevention and Control in Bali Province, Indonesia Putu Putri Agustini; I Made Subrata; I Gusti Ngurah Agung Surya Pratama; I Dewa Agung Ayu Ari Shinta Dewi; Ngakan Putu Anom Harjana; Sang Gede Purnama; Romy Muhammad Dary Mufa
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 10 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2025.10.04.08

Abstract

Background: Streptococcus suis meningitis is an inflammation of the human central nervous system caused by the Streptococcus suis bacterium. The Health Department of Bali Province, Indonesia, repor­ted a total of 7 cases of Streptococcus suis meningitis in Bali Province from January to April 2023, with 2 fatalities. The government has conducted an epidemiological investigation. However, the re­cor­ding of epidemiological investigation data is still done manually, resulting in inaccurate and untimely data. This study aimed to develop a digital surveillance application for investigating Strep­tococcus suis meningitis based on Figma and Kobo Toolbox. Subjects and Method: This was a design-based study using the Design Science Research Method (DSRM), conducted across all nine districts and cities in Bali Province. The target users were public health surveillance officers. A total of 130 respondents participated in the user acceptance evaluation. The application prototype was developed using Figma, and data collection forms were designed via Kobo Toolbox. The study evaluated application acceptance using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), which includes the following dependent variables: timeliness, information completeness, information accuracy, accessibility, usefulness, and ease of use. Data were analyzed descriptively. Results: The results showed high user acceptance of the application, with mean percentages as follows: timeliness (85.8%), information completeness (86.8%), information accuracy (84.6%), accessibility (86.2%), usefulness (84.7%), and ease of use (81.9%). Conclusion: The digital application for epidemiological surveillance of Streptococcus suis me­ning­itis demonstrated good acceptance among users. Its implementation could improve the accuracy and efficiency of data collection, potentially enhancing the response time and decision-making in zoonotic disease control.
Meta-Analysis: The Influence of Knowledge, Hormonal Contraceptive Use, and Sexually Transmitted Disease on Cancer Screening Uptake Diani Fadmi Putri; Andri Setiawan; Nathanael Aditya Santoso; Bhisma Murti; Nindita Arum Veibiani
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 10 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2025.10.04.05

Abstract

Background: Cervical cancer is still the most common problem among women. Prevention of cer­vical cancer can be done prospectively through human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and screen­ing or early diagnosis. Screening is essential to reduce the incidence and death of cervical can­cer. This study aims to analyze and estimate the influence of knowledge, the use of hormonal con­­tra­ceptives, and the history of sexually transmitted diseases on cervical cancer screening. Subject and Method: This study is a meta analysis using the PRISMA flowchart and the PICO model. Population: women of childbearing age. Intervention: using hormonal contraceptives, having good cervical cancer knowledge, and having a history of sexually transmitted infections. Comparation: not using hormonal contraceptives, poor cervical cancer knowledge and no history of sex­ually transmitted infections. Outcome: cervical cancer screening. The process of searching for articles by searching through databases in Google scholar, Scopus, ProQuest, PubMed, Elsevier, and Science direct. The keywords used are "hormonal contraception" OR "pill" OR "injection" OR "implant" AND "Cervical cancer screening" OR "sexually transmitted infection" OR "HIV" OR "STD" OR "syphilis" OR "gonorrhea" AND "cancer knowledge" AND "cross sectional" AND "aOR". Art­icles are selected based on inclusion criteria, namely multivariate articles with a cross sectional design  published in 2014-2024. Data analyzed using Revman 5.3. Results: A meta analysis was conducted on 15 primary studies from Ethiopia, Cambodia, and Ugan­da. The results showed that the use of cervical cancer screening increased with good know­ledge (aOR= 2.03; CI 95%= 1.70 to 2.43; p<0.001), use of hormonal contraceptives (aOR= 1.83 CI 95%= 1.70 to 1.96; p<0.001), and history of sexually transmitted diseases (aOR= 2.32; CI 95%= 1.81 to 2.97; p<0.001). Conclusion:  Good knowledge, use of hormonal contraceptives, and history of infectious diseases incre­a­se the use of cervical cancer screening performance
Effect of Psychoeducation on Postpartum Stress and Knowledge Related to Cyberbullying: An Experimental Study in Central Java Nurul Jannatul Wahidah; Atriany Nilam Sari; Revi Gama Hatta Novika; Luluk Fajria; Rufidah Maulina; Siti Nurhidayati; Dara Dinanti; Elsa Rahmawati; Dewi Intisari
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2026.11.01.07

Abstract

Background: Cyberbullying can trigger postpartum mother to experience anxiety and depression, which impacts their enthusiasm for caring for their babies. This study aimed to know the Impact of Psychoeducation on Postpartum Stress and Knowledge Related to Cyberbullying. Subjects and Method: This was a quasi-experimental study conducted in Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. A total of 86 postpartum mothers who experienced cyberbullying were included for study. The dependent variables were knowledge and postpartum stress. The independent variable was psychoeducation. Educational media video given to the respondent once a day for a week. Before and after the intervention, depression was measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Data was analyzed using the Wilcoxon Test. Results: A total of 86 postpartum mothers had a high school education, were housewives, and married without prior depressive history. Knowledge of cyberbullying increased markedly, with the proportion of respondents in the "high knowledge" category rising from 15.56% to 84.44% (p = 0.02). Anxiety and depression levels showed substantial reduction. The number of mothers in the "normal" category increased from 24.44% to 82.22%, with no respondents remaining in the moderate or severe depression categories post-intervention. Conclusion: Innovative interventions play a positive role in increasing the knowledge level of postpartum mother about cyberbullying and decreasing their anxiety and depression due to cyberbullying.
Effect of Postpartum Exercise and Oxytocin Massage on Uterine Involution among Postpartum Mothers Novita Br Ginting Munthe; Iskandar Markus Sembiring; Rico Januar Sitorus
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2026.11.01.03

Abstract

Background: Uterine involution is an essential physiological process following childbirth that restores the uterus to its pre-pregnancy size and function. When this process is delayed or incomplete, it can lead to postpartum complications such as hemorrhage. Postpartum exercise and oxytocin massage are non-pharmacological interventions widely believed to accelerate uterine recovery and reduce the risk of complications. Subjects and Method: This quantitative pre-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test without control design was conducted at Klinik Pratama Matahari, Tanjung Morawa, Deli Serdang, North Sumatra, Indonesia, from February to July 2025. Twenty postpartum mothers were selected using purposive sampling and divided into two groups: 10 received postpartum exercise and 10 received oxytocin massage. Uterine involution was assessed by fundal height observation before and after intervention. Data were analyzed using t-tests with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: Most respondents were aged 26–30 years (50.0%), had a senior high school education (50.0%), and were unemployed (75.0%). Before the interventions, all participants (100%) had abnormal uterine involution. After the interventions, 70% of mothers in the postpartum-exercise group and 50% in the oxytocin-massage group achieved normal uterine involution. Statistical analysis indicated significant improvements in both groups, with a stronger effect in the postpartum-exercise group (mean difference= 0.70; p= 0.001) than in the oxytocin-massage group (mean difference = 0.50; p = 0.025).  Conclusion: Both postpartum exercise and oxytocin massage effectively enhanced uterine involution among postpartum mothers, with postpartum exercise demonstrating greater effective­ness. These findings support the integration of structured postpartum exercise programs into routine maternal care to promote uterine recovery and prevent postpartum complications.
Unveiling the Drivers of Anemia: A Multifactorial Analysis Eky Okviana Armyati; Sugeng Mashudi; Nurul Sri Wahyuni
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 11 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2026.11.02.03

Abstract

Background: Anemia remains a major public health concern, particularly in developing countries, due to its multifactorial causes and negative impact on individual productivity and quality of life. Identifying the determinants of anemia is essential for improving prevention strategies and targeted interventions. This study aimed to analyze factors associated with anemia among adult outpatients. Subjects and Method: The cross-sectional analytic study was conducted at Primary Health Care Ronowijayan, Ponorogo, Indonesia. The study population consisted of adult outpatients aged ≥18 years who visited the health center during the study period. A total of 100 participants were selected using an incidental sampling technique. The dependent variable was anemia, defined as hemoglobin level <12 g/dL in women and <13 g/dL in men, measured using a standardized spectrophotometric method. The independent variables included age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and economic status. BMI was calculated based on measured weight and height, while economic status was classified according to the regional minimum wage. Data were analyzed using Chi-square tests for bivariate analysis and multiple logistic regression for multivariate analysis, with a significance level of α = 0.05. Results: Most participants were aged <40 years (59.0%), female (54.0%), underweight (59.0%), and of low economic status (82.0%). Bivariate analysis showed that only economic status was significantly associated with anemia (OR = 4.87; p = 0.004). Multivariate analysis confirmed that economic status (OR = 6.77; 95% CI = 1.98–23.10; p= 0.002) and BMI (OR = 1.45; 95% CI = 0.78–2.68; p = 0.035) were significantly associated with anemia, while age (OR = 0.87; 95% CI = 0.27 to 1.24; p = 0.792) and gender (OR = 2.65; 95% CI = 0.07 to 0.33; p = 0.064). Conclusion: Low economic status was significantly associated with an increased risk of anemia among adult outpatients, while body mass index also showed a significant association. Age and gender were not significantly related to anemia. These findings highlight the importance of addressing socioeconomic disparities and nutritional status in anemia prevention and management at the primary health care level.

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