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Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 25490273     EISSN : 25490273     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
Background: Increased blood pressure for a long time can increase the risk of kidney failure, co­ronary heart disease, brain damage, and other di­seases. In 2019, it is estimated that hyper­tens­ion is experienced by 1.13 billion people in the world with most (two thirds) living in low and mid­­dle income countries. Other study also shows that the police and military are at risk of develop­ing hypertension due to a number of factors such as low know­led­ge about healthy and nutritious food, co-workers who are smokers, and consum­ing alco­hol. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors for hypertension in the police and military in the world using meta analysis. Subjects and Method: This was a meta-ana­lysis and systematic review. The articles used we­re obtained from Google Scholar, Springer Link, Pro­­Quest, and Science Direct databases. Selected arti­cles published from 2000 to 2020. Keywords to search for articles are as follows: hypertension po­lice personnel and military, or hypertension po­lice personnel and military. The articles studi­ed are 3 full text articles with cross sectional stu­dy designs and 1 full text articles with case cont­rol study design. Articles are col­lect­ed using PRI­S­­­MA diagrams, and analy­zed us­ing the Re­vi­ew Ma­nager application 5.3. Results: Overweight (aOR= 1.42; 95% CI = 1.01 to 2.00; p= 0.04), alcohol consumption (aOR­=­ 1.­55; 95% CI= 1.12 to 2.12; p= 0.007), ciga­rette con­­­­sumption (aOR= 1.45 ; 95% CI= 1.06 to 1.97; p= 0.020) is a risk factor for hyper­­­tension in the po­­­lice and military. Conclusion: Overweight, alcohol consump­tion, and cigarette consump­tion, are risk fac­tors for hypertension in po­lice and military personnel.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 659 Documents
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Effect Of Coffee Drinking Habit to Blood Pressure and Hemoglobin Levels on Women of Childbearing Age Wartiningsih, Minarni; Brotosudarmo, Tatas Hardo Panintingjati; Gonaldy, Vincent Aurelius; Juliasih, Ni Njoman; Silitonga, Hanna; Tanzilia, May Fanny
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 9 No. 3 (2024)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2024.09.03.01

Abstract

Background: Tenggerese people, especially women, have a habit of drinking coffee, and it has become a daily habit. Coffee is often associated with risk factors for diseases in the community such as anemia and hypertension. This study aims to determine the effect of coffee drinking quantity (1-2 cups, 3-4 cups, and ≥ 5 cups of coffee per day) on hemoglobin levels and blood pressure. Subjects and Method: A quantitative study with a cross-sectional study design was done. This study population was women of reproductive age (15 to 49 years) in Ngadipuro Hamlet, Tengger, East Java, Indonesia. The independent variable of this study is the  of daily coffee drinking per cup and the dependent variable of this study is the hemoglobin levels in women of childbearing age. The study instrument used was a questionnaire to screen for those who were a daily coffee drinker and a blood hemoglobin rapid test kit was used to measure the level of hemoglobin.The number of samples in this study was 193 respondents which was chosen using the random sampling technique. Analysis of the quantity of coffee drinking on hemoglobin levels by the Annova test while on blood pressure by the Kruskal Wallis test through SPSS software. Results: The result showed that the quantity of coffee per day on hemoglobin levels had a significance p<0.001. While the quantity of coffee per day on blood pressure had a significance p=0.361. Conclusion: It can be concluded that drinking 1-2 cups of coffee, 3-4 cups, and ≥ 5 cups of coffee daily simultaneously affects hemoglobin levels. In this case, the more quantity of coffee per day, the lower the hemoglobin level. However, the quantity of coffee had no significant effect on blood pressure.  
Correlations between History of Contact with Infected Person and Measles Vaccination Status on the Risk of Measles Incidence in Children: Meta-Analysis Dhony, Ervia Fahma; Murti, Bhisma; Prasetya, Hanung
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2024.09.02.03

Abstract

Background: Measles is a disease that can be prevented by immunization (VPD), which is highly contagious and often causes widespread outbreaks and can cause lifelong complications and death. Some evidence suggests that the risk of measles is due to contact history and vaccine status. This study aims to estimate the magnitude of the relationship between contact history and vaccine status with the incidence of measles in children, through a meta-analysis of primary studies conducted by previous authors.Subjects and Method: This research is a systematic review and meta-analysis with PICO as follows, Population: children. Intervention: contact history, vaccine status. Comparison: no contact history, no vaccine. Outcome: measles. The articles used in this research were obtained from three databases, namely PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct, using the keys "History contact" AND "Vaccine" OR "Vaccinated" OR "Immunization" AND "Measles" AND "Children. The included articles were full-text with a case-control study design from 2012 to 2023 and reported the adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) in multivariate analysis. Article selection was carried out using the PRISMA flow diagram. Articles were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 application.Results: A total of 8 case-control studies involving the African continent and the Asian continent were selected for meta-analysis. Children with a history of contact have an increased risk of developing measles 4.38 times compared with children without a history of contact, and this relationship is statistically significant (aOR=4.38; 95% CI=1.36 to 14.09; p= 0.010). Children who had been given the measles vaccine had a reduced risk of getting measles 0.30 times compared to children who had not been given the measles vaccine, and this result was statistically significant (aOR= 0.30; 95% CI= 0.22 to 0.40; p< 0.001).Conclusion: Contact history statistically significantly increases the risk of getting measles in children, vaccine statistically significantly reduces the risk of getting measles in children. Keywords: Contact history, vaccine status, measles, children.
Assessment of COVID-19 Deaths in Botswana using the SIRD Model for the Period 2020 to 2022 Abidile, Lebotsamang
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2025.10.05.01

Abstract

Background: There is need for a development of a robust model framework for COVID-19 to help researchers simulate several virus transmission scenarios, assist in predicting the disease route as well as assess the effectiveness of mitigation measures. COVID-19 data with four compartmental groups, that is susceptible group, the infected group, the recovered group, and the deceased group was required to enable setting up a mathematical compartmental model called Susceptible-Infected-Recovered-Deceased (SIRD) for Botswana. This study aims to set up the SIRD model for COVID-19 in Botswana.Subjects and Method: The study took advantage of a retrospective cohort study carried out in Botswana specifically from a period ranging from 14th May 2020 to 3rd March 2022. The study population consisted of all persons who are susceptible to COVID-19 in Botswana and the sample size of this study was 2,397,240. Therefore, the variables of interest for this study were susceptible, infected, recovered as well as deceased persons. These were secondary data as reported by Botswana and recorded on the WHO website. Data for this study were analyzed using simulation methods specifically compartmental analysis.Results: COVID-19 will escalate at a very low transmission at an exponential growth rate of 0.11. The transmission of COVID-19 in Botswana will spread in the population and such spread may cause an epidemic (R0=1.13).Conclusion: The Ministry of Health and Wellness should ensure that there is slow relaxation of COVID-19 restrictions in order to avoid the reappearance of COVID-19. The Ministry of Health and Wellness should also strictly insist on COVID-19 adherence protocols mainly during the winter season as well as holidays.
Determinants of Breast Milk Donation and Use among Postpartum Women at a City Hospital in Nairobi, Kenya Kanyi, Jane Wanjiku; Lakati, Alice Sipiyian; Odero, Theresa
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2025.10.05.09

Abstract

Background: The World Health Organization advocates donor human milk as a superior substitute for newborns unable to obtain their mother’s milk. Calls have been made to scale up human milk banks to provide infants without access to mother’s milk safe donor human milk. This research sought to assess determinants of breast milk donation and the use of donor human milk among postpartum women.Subjects and Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in May 2023 at a government hospital with human milk banking facilities. A consecutive sampling technique was used to recruit a sample of 370 postpartum women admitted to the postnatal wards. A pretested interview-based questionnaire was used to obtain participants’ sociodemographic data, breastfeeding history, peri-natal characteristics, awareness of human milk banking, and other general factors that might influence acceptance to donate breast milk and the use of donated human milk. Data was analyzed using R-4.3.0 software and descriptive statistics were done for all variables. Further inferential statistics including the Chi-Square test and multivariate logistics regression were computed with a significance level set at α=0.050.Results: The mother’s willingness to donate breast milk and use donor human milk was 78.1% and 70.8% respectively. The respondent’s age (OR=0.42; 95% CI=0.19 to 0.94; p=0.035) was significantly associated with willingness to donate breast milk. Religion (OR=0.27; 95% CI=0.10 to 0.72; p =0.009) and awareness of human milk banking (OR=0.89; 95%CI= 1.07 to 3.36; p= 0.029) were significant predictors of willingness to use donor human milk.Conclusion: Human milk banking awareness was low among the study population; however, mothers are willing to donate and use donated breast milk. Age in years is significantly associated with willingness to donate while religion and awareness of human milk banking are significant predictors of use.
Meta-Analysis the Effect of Protected Well and Measles Vaccination on Stunting in Children Under Five Pramono, Edi; Murti, Bhisma; Prasetya, Hanung
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2024.09.02.07

Abstract

Background: Stunting is a condition where children's growth fails (body and brain growth) due to malnutrition for a long time. The incidence of stunting in toddlers needs special attention because it can hinder children's physical and mental development. This study aims to analyze and estimate the effect of protected wells and the measles vaccine on the incidence of stunting in children under five, with a meta-analysis based on primary studies conducted previously.Subjects and Method: Meta-analysis was carried out in PICO format. Population: Children under five. Intervention: Protected Wells and Measles vaccine status. Comparison: Unprotected Well and Status not vaccinated against measles. Outcome: Stunting incidence. Article searches were carried out using several databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and Springerlink. The keywords used are "Protected well" AND Measles vaccine" AND "Stunting in toddlers". Inclusion criteria for the included articles were full-text articles with a cross-sectional design from 2015 to 2023. This study was conducted following PRISMA flow diagram guidelines. Data was analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 application.Results: 12 cross-sectional studies from Asia and Africa were selected for meta-analysis. the total sample was 48,128 toddlers. Protected well (aOR= 0.86; 95% CI= 0.75 to 1.00; p= 0.040) and measles vaccine (aOR= 0.59; 95% CI= 0.27 to 1.29; p= 0.190) reduce the risk of stunting in children under five.Conclusion: Protected wells and administering the measles vaccine reduce the incidence of stunting in toddlers.
The Impact of Sugar Intake, Household Income, and Maternal Education on the Occurrence of Dental Caries in Children: A Meta-Analysis Dewi, Arddha Maha Pawitra Dwi Puspita; Pamungkasari, Eti Poncorini; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2024.09.02.09

Abstract

Background: In Indonesia, the prevalence of dental caries in early childhood is still very high, around 93%. This study aims to analyze and estimate the magnitude of the relationship between sugar consumption, family income, and maternal education and the incidence of dental caries in children, through a meta-analysis of primary studies conducted by previous authors. Subjects and Method: This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis using PICO as follows, Population: children aged 1 to 5 years 11 months, Intervention: high sugar consumption, high family income, high maternal education, Comparison: low sugar consumption, low family income, low maternal education, and Outcome: dental caries. The articles used in this study were obtained from three databases, namely PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct, using the key­words "Sugar" OR "Sweet food" AND "Household income" OR "Parental income" AND "Parental education" OR "Education status" AND "Dental caries" AND "Child" OR "Children" AND "Cross-sectional" AND “aOR”. The included articles were full-text in English, with a cross-sectional study design from 2013 to 2023, and reported adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) in multivariate analysis. Article selection was carried out using the PRISMA diagram and analyzed using the ReMan 5.3 application. Results: A total of 11 cross-sectional were selected for meta-analysis. Children who frequently consume sugar have an increased risk of dental caries 1.50 times compared to children who rarely consume sugar, and this is statistically significant (aOR=1.50; 95% CI=1.32 to 1.70; p<0.001). Children from families with high incomes had a reduced risk of dental caries 0.65 times compared to children from families with low incomes, and this was statistically significant (aOR=0.65; 95% CI=0.59 to 0.71; p<0.001). Children who have highly educated mothers have a reduced risk of dental caries 0.71 times compared to children who have mothers with low education, and this is statistically significant (aOR=0.71; 95% CI=0.64 to 0.78; p<0.001). Conclusion: Sugar consumption statistically significantly increases the incidence of dental caries in children. High family income and high maternal education statistically significantly reduce the incidence of dental caries in children.
The Effect of Yoga Exercise on Reducing Blood Pressure among Elderly with Hypertension Maharani, Aura Rosse; Haritsah, Nurul Fithriati; Windiastoni, Yoga Handita; Noerdjannah
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2024.09.02.11

Abstract

Background: Hypertension is a silent killer with no symptoms. One of the non-pharmacological treatments used is yoga exercises. This study aims to determine yoga exercise on reducing blood pressure among elderly with hypertension.Subjects and Method: This study is a one-group pre and post-test conducted at the Tohudan Colomadu Karanganyar Elderly Posyandu from March to April 2024. A total of 19 elderly people aged 50 to 70 years were selected using purposive sampling. The dependent variable in this study was a decrease in blood pressure. The independent variable in this study was yoga gymnastics. The study was conducted by measuring blood pressure before and after yoga exercises using a sphygmomanometer. The collected blood pressure data was analyzed using SPSS.Results: Average systolic blood clearance (Mean= 148.53; SD=6.62) and diastolic blood pressure (Mean= 93.26; SD= 2.05) before the intervention was higher than systolic blood pressure (Mean= 141.53; SD= 7.32) and diastolic blood pressure (Mean= 87.37; SD=2.29) after the intervention, and the results were statistically significant (p=<0.001).Conclusion: Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure before intervention were higher than systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure after intervention.
The Impact of Socio-demographic Factors on the Recovery Potential of Schizophrenia Patients Post Hospitalization Mulyani, Sri
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 9 No. 3 (2024)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2024.09.03.05

Abstract

Background: Mental health is a series of emotional, psychological, and social well-being. Psychological well-being focuses on individuals having meaning in life and having choices in actualizing their potential. This study aimed to analyze the influence of socio-demographic factors on the recovery ability of schizophrenia patients after hospitalization.Subjects and Method: This research was conducted using a cross-sectional design carried out at the Outpatient Polyclinic of RSJD Dr. Arif Zainudin Surakarta from December 2023 to January 2024. The sample used in this study was 200 schizophrenia patients who were selected using purposive sampling. The independent variables in this study are gender, age, duration of illness, duration of hospitalization, education level, and employment status. The dependent variable is the recovery ability of schizophrenia patients after hospitalization. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire and data was analyzed using a multiple linear regression analysis model.Results: The ability to recover from schizophrenia patients after hospitalization increased with female (b= 5.58; 95% CI= 1.29 to 9.87; p= 0.011), age ≥ 39 years (b= 0.66; 95% CI= -3.51 to 4.83; p= 0.756), high education (b= 7.24; 95% CI= 2.83 to 11.64; p= 0.001), and employed (b= 16.36; 95% CI= 12.06 to 20.67; p< 0.001). It decreased with a duration of illness ≥8 years (b= -5.77; 95% CI= -10.15 to -1.40; p= 0.010) and length of hospital stay ≥21 days (b= -6.88; 95% CI= -11.27 to -2.49; p= 0.002).Conclusion: The recovery ability of schizophrenia patients after hospitalization will increase with female, age ≥39 years, high education, and employed. It decreased with length of illness ≥8 years and length of stay ≥21 days.
Effect of Short Sleep Duration on the Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Meta-Analysis Hidayat, Anas Rahmad; Siswatibudi, Harpeni; Purwokusumo, R. Haryo Nugroho
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2025.10.05.11

Abstract

Background: Understanding the impact of short sleep duration on cardiovascular disease incidence is crucial for comprehending its potential health implications. This study aimed to analyze and estimate the magnitude of the effect of short sleep duration on the risk of cardiovascular disease incidence based on similar previous primary studies.Subjects and Method: This research is a systematic review and meta-analysis conducted by following the PRISMA flow diagram and PICO model. Population: general population without prior cardiovascular diseases, Intervention: short sleep duration, Comparison: adequate sleep duration, and Outcome: the Incidence of cardiovascular diseases. The process of searching for articles through Google Scholar, ProQuest, and PubMed journal databases by selecting articles published from 2010 to 2024. The keywords used include: "Cardiovascular Diseases," AND "Incidence," AND "Sleep Duration," AND "cohort Studies. The inclusion criteria were full paper articles, open access with a cohort study design, and articles in English. Data were analyzed using RevMan 5.3.Results: A total of 9 cohort studies involving 564,287 respondents from Africa, Europe, and Asia were selected for a systematic review and meta-analysis. The results of the meta-analysis showed that people with short sleep duration had a 1.20 times risk of experiencing cardiovascular disease compared to people with adequate sleep duration (aHR = 1.20; 95% Cl = 1.14 to 1.25; p<0.001). This meta-analysis has heterogeneity I2= 39%, so it uses a fixed effect model.Conclusion: Insufficient sleep duration could elevate the likelihood of cardiovascular disease occurrence.
Utilization of Adequately Iodized Salt and its Barriers Among Sub-Urban Households of Chengalpattu District- Tamil Nadu Athiyaman, Siddharthan; Eashwar, Virudhunagar Muthuprakash Anantha; Surathkumaar, Hariharan; Ramachandran, Umadevi
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 9 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2024.09.04.05

Abstract

Background: Iodine is a crucial nutrient humans need for healthy mental and physical development. Iodine deficiency disorder (IDD) continues to pose a real threat to public health across several nations, including India. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of the use of adequately iodized salt and to determine the barriers to the use of adequately iodized salt among suburban households.Subjects and Method: A Community-based cross-sectional study was done among 250 sub-urban households using a multistage sampling technique in Chengalpattu district, Tamil Nadu. The study was carried out between the period of July to November 2023. Data was collected by both standardized and pre-tested semi-structured questionnaires. The iodine content of salt was assessed by an MBI spot testing kit. The dependent variable was adequately iodized salt and the independent variable was sociodemographic details and variables related to the utilization of iodized salt. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.Results: The prevalence of utilization of adequately iodized salt was 76.8 % and barriers to the use of adequately iodized salt among sub-urban households were, using a wet spoon/hand to take salt from the container, container of the salt kept open / both ways, storing salt in the steel container and storing in the original salt pocket itself.Conclusion: Specific education regarding proper storage, handling, duration, and the importance of iodized salt needs to be implemented to increase community awareness and to focus on behavior change communication to bring a positive attitude toward the utilization of iodized salt.

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