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Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 25490273     EISSN : 25490273     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
Background: Increased blood pressure for a long time can increase the risk of kidney failure, co­ronary heart disease, brain damage, and other di­seases. In 2019, it is estimated that hyper­tens­ion is experienced by 1.13 billion people in the world with most (two thirds) living in low and mid­­dle income countries. Other study also shows that the police and military are at risk of develop­ing hypertension due to a number of factors such as low know­led­ge about healthy and nutritious food, co-workers who are smokers, and consum­ing alco­hol. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors for hypertension in the police and military in the world using meta analysis. Subjects and Method: This was a meta-ana­lysis and systematic review. The articles used we­re obtained from Google Scholar, Springer Link, Pro­­Quest, and Science Direct databases. Selected arti­cles published from 2000 to 2020. Keywords to search for articles are as follows: hypertension po­lice personnel and military, or hypertension po­lice personnel and military. The articles studi­ed are 3 full text articles with cross sectional stu­dy designs and 1 full text articles with case cont­rol study design. Articles are col­lect­ed using PRI­S­­­MA diagrams, and analy­zed us­ing the Re­vi­ew Ma­nager application 5.3. Results: Overweight (aOR= 1.42; 95% CI = 1.01 to 2.00; p= 0.04), alcohol consumption (aOR­=­ 1.­55; 95% CI= 1.12 to 2.12; p= 0.007), ciga­rette con­­­­sumption (aOR= 1.45 ; 95% CI= 1.06 to 1.97; p= 0.020) is a risk factor for hyper­­­tension in the po­­­lice and military. Conclusion: Overweight, alcohol consump­tion, and cigarette consump­tion, are risk fac­tors for hypertension in po­lice and military personnel.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 659 Documents
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Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Dog Owners Regarding Dog-Related Diseases in Mvomero and Morogoro Districts, Tanzania Issae, Amina Ramadhani; Nonga, Hezron Emanuel
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2025.10.05.03

Abstract

Background: Dogs were the earliest animals domesticated by humans for various purposes, but receive little attention from the community and may be sources of diseases in humans and other animals. In Tanzania, most dogs are Mongrels and are primarily found in rural areas where they receive limited veterinary care. Therefore, the study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of dog keepers regarding dog management, and their awareness of zoonoses, to develop effective disease prevention and control programs.Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2017 and January 2018 in the Mvomero and Morogoro districts of Tanzania. The study used a simple random sampling method, whereas a structured questionnaire was administered to 200 dog keepers. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 was used for data analysis. The independent variables were demographic characteristics of dog keepers (age, gender, education, and location), while dependent variables included knowledge of dog management, attitudes toward dogs, and practices.Results: The study found that 59% of respondents had fair to good knowledge of dog management, though practices were generally poor, with most dog keepers owning dogs for security purposes. While 87% were aware of zoonotic diseases, particularly rabies, vaccination rates were higher in Morogoro than in Mvomero (p<0.05). Negative experiences with dogs were reported by 78% of respondents, and attitudes towards dogs were more negative in Mvomero than in Morogoro (p=0.007).Conclusion: The study concludes that dogs in Morogoro are poorly managed, live-in unhygienic conditions, rarely receive veterinary services, and experiences suffering of different kinds, which is contrary to animal welfare principles. Therefore, integrative approaches to raising public awareness about dog management practices in the study areas and other regions of Tanzania are recommended to safeguard the health of both dogs and humans.
Biopsychosocial Factors Associated with the Risk of Hypertension in Elderly in Klaten, Central Java: A Cross-Sectional Study Utami, Indri Nur; Demartoto, Argyo; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 9 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2024.09.04.04

Abstract

Background: Hypertension is also a major preventable risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and plays a role in all causes of death worldwide, characterized by systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of biopsychosocial factors on the risk of hypertension among the elderly in Klaten Regency.Subjects and Method: This study was cross-sectional from April-May 2024. The sample used was 200 elderly people in 25 elderly health posts and selected using random sampling techniques in Klaten Regency, Central Java. The dependent variable of this study was the incidence of hypertension. The independent variables of this study were age, gender, anxiety, stress, and income level. The data were collected using questionnaire and analyzed using path analysis run on Stata 13.Results: Systolic blood pressure is directly affected by anxiety (b= 1.34; CI 95%= -0.13 to 2.82; p= 0.075), the existence of retirement funds (b= -0.09; CI 95%= -0.01 to -0.03; p= 0.003), and female (b= 1.22; CI 95%= -5.38 to 7.84; p= 0.716). Anxiety is influenced by stress (b= 0.38; CI 95%= 0.29 to 0.48; p<0.001), the existence of retirement funds (b= -0.01; CI 95% <0.01 to <0.01; p= 0.038), and age (b= 0.04; CI 95%= 0.07 to 0.08; p= 0.020).Conclusion: Systolic blood pressure is directly affected by anxiety, the existence of retirement funds, and female. Anxiety is influenced by stress, the existence of retirement funds, and age.
Analysis of Environmental Risk Factors for Leptospirosis in Bantul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Setiawan, Andri; Setiyadi, Noor Alis; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 9 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2024.09.04.03

Abstract

Background: Leptospirosis is a disease caused by the bacterium leptospira sp. The number of cases and deaths due to leptopirosis from year to year is always increasing. The purpose of this study is to analyze environmental risk factors for the incidence of leptospirosis in Bantul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia.Subjects and Method: This study uses an observational analytical approach with a cross-sectional design. The research location is in Bantul Regency with a sample of 200 research subjects. The sampling technique is fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was the incidence of leptospirosis and the independent variables were the physical condition of the house, the condition of the residential environment, the presence of rats, the presence of livestock or pets, near rivers, flooded areas, occupation, habits of using personal protective equipment, age and gender. The research instruments used were questionnaires and checklists and the data was analyzed using logistic regression analysis.Results: Risk factors that increase the incidence of leptospirosis are poor home conditions (OR= 2.18; 95% CI = 1.12 to 4.24; p=0.022); Poor residential environmental conditions (OR = 2.58; 95% CI = 1.33 to 5.03; p = 0.005); presence of rats inside and/or outside the home (OR = 4.51; 95% CI = 1.40 to 14.55; p = 0.012). The risk of leptospirosis infection decreases with the use of PPE (OR = 0.17; 95% CI= 0.08 to 0.37; p<0.001).Conclusion: Poor house conditions, poor residential environmental conditions, the presence of rats inside and or outside the house are risk factors that increase the incidence of leptospirosis. Meanwhile, the use of PPE reduces the risk of leptospirosis infection
Is Social Capital Associated with Hypertension in Adults Visiting Integrated Health Posts for the Elderly? Santoso, Nathanael Aditya; Demartoto, Argyo; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 9 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2024.09.04.01

Abstract

Background: Social capital has been shown to play an important role in influencing an individual's health, including the incidence of hypertension in adulthood. Adults with hypertension who usually receive services at elderly posyandu with high strata are less likely to develop hypertension than posyandu with low strata. This study aims to determine the relationship between social capital and hypertension in adults in elderly posyandu.Subjects and Method: This study is an observational analytical study with a cross-sectional approach conducted in 25 Posyandu Elderly from May 2024 to July 2024 A total of 200 adult research subjects were selected using stratified random sampling and simple random sampling. The independent variable in this study is social capital and the dependent variable is hypertension. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire. The analysis test in this study is a multilevel model double logistic regression analysis test conducted using the STATA 13 model.Results: Each increase in one unit of the social capital score will be followed by a decrease in systolic blood pressure of 0.94 mmHg (b= -0.94; 95% CI = -1.48 to -0.40; p= 0.001) and a decrease in systolic blood pressure of 0.32 mmHg (b= -0.32; 95% CI = -0.56 to -0.08; p= 0.008). Each one-year increase in age will be followed by an increase in systolic blood pressure of 0.43 mmHg (b = 0.43; 95% CI = 0.16 to 0.70; p = 0.002) and an increase in diastolic blood pressure of 0.14 mmHg (b = 0.02; 95% CI = 0.26 to 0.70; p = 0.018). There was no difference in systolic blood pressure between men and women (b= -2.84; 95% CI = -8.04 to 2.36; p= 0.284).Conclusion: Individuals who have good social capital lower the risk of hypertension. Increasing age and gender of women increases the risk of hypertension.
Detection of Change Patterns in COVID-19 Deaths and the Implementation of Public Health Policies in Botswana Abidile, Lebotsamang; Nyakudya, Morvyn
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2025.10.05.07

Abstract

Background: At the earlier stages of COVID-19 disease, there were no pharmaceutical measures such as vaccines and medications available that could be used to either treat or reduce the spread of the virus. Countries worldwide reverted to implementing several non-pharmaceutical measures to end or at least reduce the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. These included maintaining the physical distance of 1-2 meters in all gatherings, washing hands with soap and clean water, sanitizing hands, and wearing face masks especially when physical distancing cannot be certain. In this study, we aim to determine the change patterns or turning points in COVID-19 deaths, particularly those that occurred in Botswana.Subjects and Method: The study used a retrospective cohort study conducted in Botswana for a period ranging from the 14th May 2020 up to the 3rd March 2022. The population covered for this study comprised of all persons who were susceptible to COVID-19 in Botswana. The researcher used secondary data sourced from Botswana’s Ministry of Health and Wellness. Data for this study were statistically analysed using R software version 4.1.3 to apply the simulation methods.Results: High numbers of COVID-19 deaths in Botswana were recorded starting from week 59 to week 69 and the numbers declined from week 70 to week 75. Altogether, COVID-19 deaths in Botswana have been rising since 14th May 2020 until 3rd March 2022.Conclusion: It is important for the Government of Botswana through Ministry of Health and Well-ness to ensure that COVID-19 restrictions are slowly relaxed to avoid the recurrence of the disease. COVID-19 adherence protocols should be strictly enforced by the Ministry more especially during winter seasons as well as public holidays.
Public Knowledge and Practices Toward Sun Exposure and Use of Sun Protection in Sibu Municipal Council Area, Sarawak, Malaysia Lwin, Nay; Dar, Hlaing Thaw; Htut, Soe Min
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2025.10.05.10

Abstract

Background: Understanding the risks and benefits of sun exposure promotes overall health and well-being by encouraging safe sun practices. The study aims to assess the knowledge and practice of sun protection in the public towards the harmful effects of prolonged sun exposure.Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia among 302 respondents, from October to November 2023. The respondents were recruited by a convenience sampling method. Research team members interviewed the respondents by using questionnaires with the study variables were age, gender, ethnicity, education and occupations of respondence, knowledge, practice and the reasons to use sunscreen protection. The data were analyzed descriptively using frequency tables and inferential statistics with p-value.Results: More than half of the participants (56%) had average knowledge about the harmful effects of prolonged sun exposure, and 83.1% had moderate levels of sun protection practice. Most participants wore long-sleeved clothing for sun protection and practice for physical appearance, sense of vulnerability or fear, and peer pressure. The statistical results showed no significant difference in practice between different age groups, ethnic groups, education levels, or occupations, and a significant difference was found between genders.Conclusion: Targeted interventions are needed to improve sun protection practices and reduce skin damage and cancer.
Effects of Social Network, Social Trust, and Social Participation on Depression: A Meta-Analysis Putri, Alifia Nadhimah; Latifah, Shafa; Andriani, Virdaria; Murti, Bhisma; Munawaroh, Siti Mar’atul
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 9 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2024.09.04.12

Abstract

Background: An estimated 3.8% of the population is depressed, including 5% of adults (4% in men and 6% in women), and 5.7% of adults over the age of 60. Around 280 million people in the world are depressed (World Health Organization, 2023). Depression not only impairs functional abilities, lowers the quality of life, and increases the mortality rate of the elderly, but also poses a heavy economic burden on the elderly themselves, the community, and the health care system. This study aims to determine the effects of social network, social trust, and social participation on depression.Subjects and Method: The meta-analysis study was carried out according to the PRISMA flowchart and the PICO model. Population: adults. Intervention: high social network, high social trust, and high social participation. Comparison: low social network, low social trust, and low social participation. Outcome: Depression. The basic data used involves Google Scholar, PubMed, BMC, Science-Direct, and Springer Link. Multivariate analysis criteria that attach aOR values. Data analysis using the Review Manager 5.3 application.Results: Seven primary studies were used to analyze trust with depression. Adults with high trust may lower depression 0.80 times compared with low trust (OR= 0.80; 95% CI = 0.76 to 0.83); p<0.001). Five primary studies were used to analyze social participants with depression. Adults with high social participation may reduce depression by 0.81 times compared to low social participants (OR= 0.81; 95% CI= 0.75 to 0.88; p<0.001). Four primary studies were used to analyze social networks with depression. Adults with high social networks may reduce depression by 0.62 times compared with low social networks (OR= 0.62; 95% CI= 0.57 to 0.68; p<0.001).Conclusion: Social networks, social trust, and social participation reduce depression in adults.
Factors Affecting Mortality in People Living with HIV with Antiretroviral Therapy: A Meta-Analysis Anindita, Fauziah Shinta; Indriani, Fenita; Murti, Bhisma; Veibiani, Nindita Arum
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 9 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2024.09.04.08

Abstract

Background: TB is the leading cause of death among people living with HIV. In 2020, an estimated 214,000 people living with HIV died from TB. People with AIDS have a severely damaged immune system. They are increasingly suffering from severe diseases, called opportunistic infections (OI). This study aims to analyze and estimate the influence of gender, TB Coinfection, Opportunistic Infection on mortality in ODHIV with Antiretroviral Therapy.Subjects and Method: Systematic review and meta-analysis using PRISMA flowchart and the PICO model. Population: ODHIV with ART. Intervention: Women, Co-infected TB, Opportunistic Infections. Comparison: Male, no co-infected TB, no Opportunistic Infection. Outcome: Mortality Article search using Google Scholar, PubMed and Science Direct databases. The keywods used include "HAART" or "HIV" or "HIV/AIDS" and "Gender" and "TB Coinfections" or "TB" and "Opportunistic Infections" and "Mortality" and "Antiretroviral Treatment". The 17 included articles are fulltext in English with a cohort design study from 2008 to 2023 and report on the Hazard Ratio in a multivariate analysis. Data analysis using the RevMan 5.3 application.Results: A total of 17 cohort studies involving 23,651 research subjects from Vietnam, China, Japan, Ethiopia, and South Africa. The data collected showed that female ODHIV had a mortality risk of 0.7 times compared to male ODHIV (aHR= 0.70; CI 95%=0.60 to 0.79; p<0.001). In ODHIV with coinfected TB has a mortality risk of 1.86 times compared to ODHIV without coinfected TB (aHR= 1.89; CI 95%=1.36 to 2.61; p<0.001). ODHIV with Opportunistic Infection has a 1.90-fold risk of mortality compared to ODHIV without Opportunistic Infection (aHR= 1.90; CI 95%=1.50 to 2.42; p<0.001).Conclusion: Female gender decreases the risk of mortality, while TB coinfection and Opportunistic infection increase the risk of mortality in ODHIV with Antiretroviral Therapy.
Effects of Condom Use, Anal Bleeding, and Group Sex on the Risk of HIV Infection in Men Who Have Sex: A Meta-Analysis Gojali, La Karman; Diba, Dinda Nabila Silva; Nabilla, Jihan; Murti, Bhisma; Tursina, Elsa
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 9 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2024.09.04.06

Abstract

Background: Sexual transmission of HIV among men who have sex with men (MSM) continues to increase. There are several factors that affect the occurrence of HIV infection in Male Sex Addiction. In this study, we will discuss three factors, namely condom use, anal bleeding and sex group ownership. This study aims to analyze and estimate the strength of the relationship between the incidence of HIV infection and condom use, anal bleeding, and sex group ownership.Subjects and Method: A systematic review and meta-analysis study was conducted using the PICO model. Population: male sex male. Intervention: not using condoms, anal bleeding after sex, and having sex groups. Comparison: using a condom, no anal bleeding after sex, and no sex group. Outcome: HIV infection. The basic data used includes Google Scholar, Proquest, Scopus, PubMed, Zendy, ScienceDirect, BMC, Elsivier, and Springer Link. The inclusion criteria are full-text articles with a cross-sectional study design using multivariate and attaching aOR values and published 1996-2023. The Data analysis using the Review Manager 5.3 application.Results: This meta-analysis was carried out on seven cross-sectional studies originating from China, Tanzania, and Brazil. Total sample size=13,188 people. The risk of HIV infection in men who have sex with men increased with the use of no condoms (aOR= 1.35; CI 95%= 1.10 to 1.65; p= 0.004), there was anal bleeding after sex (aOR= 1.89; CI 95%= 1.53 to 2.34; p<0.001), and group sex (aOR= 2.30; CI 95%= 1.62 to 3.25); p<0.001).Conclusion: The risk of HIV infection in men who have sex with men increases by not using condoms, having anal bleeding after sex, and having group sex.
Multilevel Analysis of Factors Affecting Depression Risk among the Elderly: Loneliness, Living Status, Physical Activity, Age, Gender, and Education Wicaksono, Emirza Nur; Tamtomo, Didik Gunawan; Prasetya, Hanung; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 9 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2024.09.04.11

Abstract

Background: There is still a high prevalence of depression in the elderly which is affected by loneliness, low physical activity, gender, last education, and residence status. Elderly people who live alone or have lost a life partner are more prone to depression. Although family support and public health services such as Posyandu are expected to protect against the risk of depression, there have not been many studies that have examined in depth the influence of Posyandu as a contextual factor in reducing the risk of depression in the elderly. This study aims to analyze the influence of these factors and the role of Posyandu in reducing the risk of depression.Subjects and Method: This study used a cross-sectional design conducted in 25 Posyandu Elderly in Grogol District, Sukoharjo Regency from August to September 2024. A total of 204 elderly respon-dents aged 60 years and above were selected using Stratified Random Sampling. The dependent variable in this study was depression collected using the PHQ-9 questionnaire, and loneliness was assessed by the UCLA Loneliness Scale. Other independent variables such as physical activity, gender, education, and life status were collected through structured interviews. Multilevel linear regression analysis is used to analyze the relationship between these factors and the risk of depression, taking into account the individual and contextual levels (Posyandu).Results: The average age of the respondents was 66.27 years old (Mean = 66.26, SD = 5.16), with 79.41% of them being female. Loneliness was significantly associated with an increased risk of depression (b= 0.05; CI 95%= 0.07 to 0.10; p=0.024), while living with family reduces the risk of depression (b= -6.33; CI 95%= -8.26 to -4.40; p<0.001). Physical activity did not show a significant association with depression. Gender, education level, and age are also not significant predictors of depression. Contextual speaking, posyandu has no effect as a contextual variable on the variable of depression in the Grogol sub-district (ICC=2.64%).Conclusion: Loneliness is a significant risk factor for depression in the elderly while living with family also reduces the risk of depression in the elderly.

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