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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Medicine
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : -     EISSN : 25490265     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Indonesian Journal of Medicine (IJM) is an international, open-access, and double-blind peer-reviewed journal, focusing on the intersection of biomedical science, clinical medicine, and community medicine. The journal began its publication on August 20, 2015, and is published online three times yearly. It is academically designed for all physicians, health researchers, and health care professionals, regardless of their medical specialties, or type of employment.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 407 Documents
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Factors Related to HIV/AIDS Risk Behavior in Ship Crew at Tenau Kupang Port Dere, Neltji Marsalina; Weraman, Pius; Manurung, Imelda FE; Syamruth, Yendris K; Wahyuni, MM Dwi
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/theijmed.2025.10.1.826

Abstract

Background: In 2022, East Nusa Tenggara recorded the highest number of HIV-AIDS cases in the province, with a total of 151 patients. HIV-AIDS infections are spread across six districts: Oebobo (27.8%), Maulafa (18.5%), Kelapa Lima (22.5%), Alak (16.5%), Kota Lama (4.6%), and Kota Raja (10%). HIV cases in Indonesia have fluctuated from 2019 to 2022 due to a significant percentage of high-risk behaviors exhibited by high-risk groups, including ship crew members. This study aims to analyze the factors related to HIV/AIDS risk behaviors in ship crew members. Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Tenau Port, Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia from November to December 2024. The study population consists of all crew members (ABK) on domestic cargo ships arriving and docking at Tenau Kupang Port in 2024, estimated to be 225 ABK. A simple random sampling technique was used, with 96 samples selected based on the Lemeshow formula. Data were collected using a questionnaire. Results: The chi-square test results revealed a significant relationship between knowledge (p = 0.029; OR = 2.734; 95% CI: 1.188–6.296), ship docking duration (p = 0.014; OR = 3.215; 95% CI: 1.342–7.702), and peer support (p = 0.000; OR = 27.586; 95% CI: 3.476–218.930) with HIV/AIDS risk behavior. Attitude (p = 0.272; OR = 0.455; 95% CI: 0.145–1.427), education (p = 1.000; OR = 1.136; 95% CI: 0.089–18.711), income (p = 0.587; OR = 0.587; 95% CI: 0.516–5.093), frequency of going home (p = 0.657; OR = 0.753; 95% CI: 0.324–1.752), and marital status (p = 1.000; OR = 0.948; 95% CI: 0.424–2.127) showed no significant relationship. It is necessary to increase socialization to raise awareness of HIV/AIDS prevention among ABK members and foster positive social support within the crew. Conclusion: There is a need to increase knowledge about the risks of HIV/AIDS through outreach and counseling.
The Role of Vaccination in Prevention of Foodborne Disease in Children: A Systematic Review Manullang, Frenky Sorimuda; Anto, Endy Juli
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/theijmed.2025.10.1.834

Abstract

Background: Foodborne diseases pose a significant global health challenge, particularly for children in developing countries. Vaccination has emerged as a crucial strategy in controlling these diseases. This review examines the effectiveness and safety of foodborne disease vaccines in children based on recent literature. Subjects and Method: This systematic review was conducted using Google Scholar, PubMed, and WHO websites with the keywords "vaccine" and "foodborne disease". Peer-reviewed articles from the past 10 years were analyzed using a narrative synthesis approach. Results: This review identified significant developments in vaccines for rotavirus, cholera, typhoid, and candidate vaccines for Shigella, ETEC, and norovirus. Rotavirus vaccines demonstrated positive impacts in reducing hospitalization rates and deaths due to diarrhea, although effectiveness varied across populations. Inactivated oral cholera vaccines showed protection rates of 52-62% over the first two years. Typhoid vaccines showed potential in reducing disease burden in endemic areas. Development of Shigella, ETEC, and norovirus vaccines is ongoing with promising initial results. Conclusion: Significant progress has been made in developing foodborne disease vaccines, but efforts are needed to improve global vaccination efficacy and coverage. Further research is required to optimize vaccine formulation, delivery strategies, and long-term evaluation across various target populations.
Assessment of Muscle Strength in Para Sport Athletes: A Systematic Review Qanitah, Talitha; Perdana, Suryo Saputra
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/theijmed.2025.10.1.835

Abstract

Background: Accurate and reliable muscle strength assessment is essential for monitoring injury risk, monitoring the effectiveness of rehabilitation or strength training programs, and for sport classification purposes. This study aims to look at measurement tools to assess muscle strength in para-athletes, look at the characteristics of muscle strength assessment methods, and determine the validity and reliability of several muscle strength measurement tools. Subjects and Method: This systematic review used methods described in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Data searches in several databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar) were conducted using the boolean search method. The keywords used in the literature search were “muscle strength” OR “muscle power” AND “assessment” OR “outcomes” AND “isometric contraction” OR “isotonic contraction” AND “para-sports” OR “para-athletics” AND “paralympic”. Results: Isometric strength testing was shown to be valid and reliable (ICC  0.85) but limited to static measurements; isokinetic testing was shown to be valid and reliable (ICC 0.81-0.95) but required expertise, specialized equipment, and was time-consuming. MMT, although frequently used, shows variable validity and reliability and is highly subjective.Conclusion: Muscle strength assessment with isometric and isokinetic tests is effective for para-athlete classification. However, more standardized muscle strength assessment methods are needed to ensure a more objective classification of para-athletes.
Preventing Occupational Musculoskeletal Disorders: Effect of Stretching Exercise in Reducing Pain Among Factory Workers Fitri, Faizah Nurul; Romadhoni, Dea Linia; Ramadhani, Alinda Nur; Setiawan, Cahyo
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/theijmed.2025.10.2.655

Abstract

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), often caused by prolonged static and repetitive sitting, can lead to pain and discomfort. Regular stretching every two hours may help alleviate this pain. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of performing stretching exercises every two hours in reducing pain associated with the risk of MSDs. Subjects and Method: A quasi experimental study was carried out at Berdijaya Factory, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. A total of 40 factory workers with MSDs complaint was recruited using a purposive sampling. The dependent variable was pain. The independent variable was stretching exercise every 2 hours per day for 2 weeks. Pain was measured using numeric rating scales (NRS). The data were tested before and after intervention using paired t test. Results: After two weeks of intervention, mean of pain score (Mean= 3.88; SD= 1.25) was lower than before (Mean= 5.08; SD= 1.09), with (p = 0.025). Conclusion: Stretching exercises performed every 2 hours per day for 2 weeks can reduce musculoskeletal pain among factory workers.
Septic Shock and Multi-Organ Dysfunction Syndrome in a Patient with Extensive Tophaceous Gout, Diagnostic and Management Challenges in South Papua: A Case Report Chandra Kusuma, Hendrawan; Sri Rejeki, Ni Made Darma Parni; Sitorus, Pamela Yacinta
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/theijmed.2025.10.2.824

Abstract

Introduction: Septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) are interrelated medical conditions arising from the body's response to severe infection. Extensive tophaceous gout is recognized for its potential to worsen kidney failure, thereby negatively impacting the prognosis of patients suffering from septic shock and MODS. Case presentation: This case report describes a male patient in his 40s who presented to the emergency department in an unresponsive state and was diagnosed with septic shock, likely secondary to pneumonia, which progressed to MODS. The patient also had uncontrolled hyperuricemia, resulting in extensive tophaceous gout that may have contributed to renal failure. Despite receiving appropriate fluid resuscitation, vasopressors, and antibiotics, the patient succumbed to severe complications. Key challenges in managing this case included limited diagnostic resources, low health awareness, and unclear health insurance coverage, particularly in the context of medical care in South Papua, Indonesia. Results: The case illustrates the interplay between chronic gout and acute infection. Hyperuricemia may contribute to renal impairment, weaken immune defenses, and worsen outcomes in septic patients—challenges in health access, diagnostics, and patient awareness further complicated management. Conclusion: Our case report emphasizes the possible contribution of unmanaged gout to the deterioration of septic shock, leading to MODS.
Spatial Autocorrelation of Population Density, HIV/AIDS, and Diabetes Mellitus with Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia Lengari, Maria; Weraman, Pius; Syamruth, Yendris K; Ruliati, Luh Putu; Adu, Apris A
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/theijmed.2025.10.2.825

Abstract

Background: The 2023 Global Tuberculosis (TB) Report ranks Indonesia second in the world for TB cases, with approximately 1,060,000 new cases and 134,000 deaths annually—equating to 17 deaths per hour. In East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) Province, pulmonary TB cases increased from 5,361 in 2020 to 5,184 in 2021, and significantly rose to 8,035 in 2022. Kupang Regency reported the highest number of TB cases in 2022. This study aimed to analyze the impact of risk factors, including population density, HIV/AIDS, and Diabetes Mellitus, on pulmonary TB cases using spatial analysis with the GeoDa application. Subjects and Methods: This ecological study, conducted in Kupang, Indonesia, between October and November 2024, uses secondary data from 2021 to 2023 as the research sample. The study includes all recorded pulmonary TB patients from the Kupang Health Office, with 441 cases in 2021, 785 cases in 2022, and 979 cases in 2023. Results: The Local Indicator of Spatial Association (LISA) test results show a low-high spatial relationship between HIV and TB variables in the Maulafa district for 2022-2023. Additionally, the diabetes mellitus (DM) and TB variables exhibit a High-Low spatial pattern in 2021 and a Low-High pattern in 2022 within the district. Regarding population density in 2021, a clustered spatial autocorrelation was observed (p-value = 0.049 < 0.05; [I] = 0.051 > E[I] = -0.200; Mean = 0.116; SD = 0.120), with a High-Low pattern in the Kota Lama district and a Low-Low pattern in Maulafa. From 2022 to 2023, a Low-High spatial pattern was identified in the Maulafa district. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate spatial autocorrelation between population density and pulmonary TB cases in Kupang City in 2021. However, from 2022 to 2023, no spatial autocorrelation was observed, and the same pattern was found for Diabetes Mellitus and HIV/AIDS.
Determinant Analysis of Hypertension in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study in Medan, North Sumatera, Indonesia Tjendera, Mariaman; Gusbakti; Chiuman, Linda; Mukti, Ade Indra; Sartika, Dewi
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/theijmed.2025.10.2.831

Abstract

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension are two chronic conditions that frequently co-occur and pose a significant health burden. At Padang Bulan Primary Healthcare Center in Medan, out of 260 Prolanis participants, 117 T2DM patients sought treatment, and 90 of them were diagnosed with hypertension. This study aimed to analyze the determinants of hypertension in T2DM patients receiving care at Padang Bulan Primary Healthcare Center in Medan. Subjects and Method: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 T2DM patients selected through consecutive sampling. Data were collected using structured question¬naire, anthropometric measurement, and blood pressure and blood glucose examinations. The variables studied included sociodemographic characteristics (gender, education, occupation, marital status) and clinical characteristics (body mass index, duration of T2DM, blood glucose levels, family history). Data analysis was performed using Chi-square test. Results: The majority of respondents were women (62%), highly educated (79%), and obese (87%). The prevalence of hypertension in T2DM patients was notably high (>70%) across all groups. However, bivariate analysis showed no statistically significant relationship between any of the studied variables and the incidence of hypertension (p>0.05). Conclusion: There was no significant relationship between sociodemographic and clinical factors with the incidence of hypertension in T2DM patients. Nevertheless, the high prevalence of hypertension indicates the importance of a comprehensive approach in managing both conditions
Effectiveness of Combined Acupuncture Therapy and Turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn) on Blood Protein Profile in Osteoarthritis Patients Kusumawati, Heni Nur; Prasetya, Hanung; Nugraha, Nurtama Aditya
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/theijmed.2025.10.2.838

Abstract

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease of the joints that commonly occurs in the hands, waist, a. nd knees. One of the efforts to control OA is with acupuncture. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the combination of acupuncture and turmeric herbs on reducing the levels of total protein, albumin, and globulin in OA patients. Subjects and Method: The Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) study was conducted at Redy Clinical Laboratory in August 2024. A total of 50 patients with OA were divided into two groups: (1) Intervention group of combination of acupuncture and turmeric herbs (n= 25); and (2) The control group was given acupuncture (n=25). The dependent variables are total protein, albumin, and globulin. The independent variable was a combination of acupuncture and turmeric herbs. The difference in the average increase in protein, albumin, and globulin levels in each group was analyzed using the Independent test. Results: The average protein level in the combination group of acupuncture therapy and turmeric herbs (Mean= 8.40; SD= 0.27) was higher than the control group (Mean= 7.74; SD= 0.33), and this result was statistically significant (p <0.001). The average albumin level in the combination group of acupuncture therapy and turmeric herbs (Mean= 5.07; SD= 0.49) was higher than the control group (Mean= 4.84; SD= 0.66), but this result was statistically insignificant (p= 0.156). The average globulin levels in the combination group of acupuncture therapy and turmeric herbs (Mean= 3.41; SD= 0.88) were higher than the control group (Mean= 3.17; SD= 0.65), but this result was statistically insignificant (p = 0.280). Conclusion: The combination of acupuncture therapy and turmeric herbs is effective in increasing total protein, albumin, and globulin levels in OA patients.
Paraspinal Abscess Secondary to Spondylodiscitis: A Rare Presentation with Progressive Neurological Deficits and Systemic Infection Putra, I Gusti Ngurah Paramartha Wijaya; Wijaya, I Gusti Ngurah Paramartha; Febyan, Febyan; Yulian, Kenny
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/theijmed.2025.10.2.842

Abstract

Background: Spondylodiscitis is a rare but serious spinal infection that may result in neuro-logical and systemic complications, especially when associated with paraspinal abscess formation. This case highlights its clinical severity and the importance of early intervention. This study aims to highlight the clinical importance and potential severity of spondylodiscitis, particularly when complicated by paraspinal abscess formation. Case Presentation: A patient presented with progressive lower back pain, bilateral lower limb weakness, and systemic symptoms including fever and night sweats. Laboratory tests revealed hypoalbuminemia, leukocytosis, and anemia. MRI imaging identified a paraspinal abscess at the L3–L5 levels, resulting in lumbar canal stenosis and worsening neurological deficits. Emergency surgical intervention was undertaken, consisting of abscess drainage, laminectomy for neural decompression, and posterior spinal stabilization. Intraoperative findings included a substantial purulent collection, necessitating extensive debridement. Postoperatively, the patient demonstra¬ted clinical improvement with ongoing antibiotic therapy, nutritional support, and rehabilitation. Discussion: Spondylodiscitis with paraspinal abscess is a diagnostic challenge due to its insidious onset and non-specific presentation. Delayed recognition increases the risk of severe neurological impairment and systemic sepsis. MRI is the gold standard for early detection, while micro¬biological confirmation is crucial for targeted treatment. A multidisciplinary approach is essential. Surgical intervention is indicated for progressive neurological deficits, extensive abscess formation, or spinal instability, with timely antibiotic therapy playing a critical role in infection control. Conclusion: This case illustrates the importance of early diagnosis and timely surgical manage-ment in spondylodiscitis with paraspinal abscess. Multimodal treatment improves outcomes and helps prevent long-term disability.
Impact of Dental Restoration and Extraction Treatments on Oral Health–Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) Sulistyawati, Tri; Novika, Revi Gama Hatta; Murti, Bhisma; Cahyanto, Erindra Budi; Demartoto, Argyo
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 10 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/theijmed.2025.10.2.843

Abstract

Background: Cavities or dental caries is one of the most common diseases as the main cause of pain in the oral cavity which can have a significant impact on quality of life. Cavities have several treatment modalities available such as restoration and tooth extraction. These treatment options not only affect the patient's clinical condition, but can also affect the psychological, social, and functional aspects reflected in the Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL). The study aimed to determine the effect of restoration treatment and tooth extraction on Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL). Subjects and Method: This research was conducted in December 2024 with a total of 200 samples in Surakarta, This study uses a quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach. Data were collected from patients who had undergone restoration treatment and/or tooth extraction on cavities. Dependent variables are in the form of Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) and independent variables in the form of restorative treatments, tooth extraction, age and gender. Data were analyzed by double linear regression. Results: Multiple linear regression analysis showed a significant negative association between the type of dental treatment and OHRQoL. Patients who underwent tooth extraction had OHRQoL scores that were 26.89 units lower than those who received restorative treatment (b = -26.89; 95% CI = -29.39 to -24.39; p < 0.001). No significant association was found between age or sex and OHRQoL. Conclusion: Dental restoration treatments have a significant influence on improving Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL), while tooth extraction shows a positive but insignificant relationship. Age and sex variables had no statistical effect on OHRQoL.

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