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Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : -     EISSN : 25491172     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (JHPB) is an electronic, open-access, double-blind and peer-reviewed international journal, focusing on health promotion and health-related behaviors. It began its publication on May 21, 2015. The journal is published four times yearly. It seeks to understand factors at various layers associated with health behavior and health-impacting policy and find evidence-based social and behavioral strategies to improve population health status.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 347 Documents
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Social Capital and Non-Smoking Behavior Among University Students: Implementation of Social Cognitive Theory Lizya Anggita Abriyanti; Argyo Demartoto; Bhisma Murti; Endang Sutisna Sulaeman; Revi Gama Hatta Novika
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol. 10 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/

Abstract

Background: Smoking is a habit that has a negative impact on health and the environment, especially among college students. Smokers in Malang Regency are dominated by the age group of 20-24 years old as much as 38.01%. This study aims to analyze the influence of social capital on non-smoking behavior in students by applying Social Cognitive Theory (SCT). Subjects and Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Malang, East Java, Indonesia, from December 2024 to January 2025. A sample of 200 male students was selected using random sampling. The dependent variable was non-smoking behavior. Independent variables were social capital, observational learning, self-efficacy, attitude, and outcome expectations. Data were analyzed using STATA 13. Results: Students' non-smoking behavior was directly influenced by social capital (b=0.07; 95% CI= 0.01 to 0.12; p= 0.013), self-efficacy (b=0.52; 95% CI= 0.44 to 0.61; p <0.001), attitude (b=0.41; 95% CI= 0.31 to 0.50; p <0.001), and age (b=-0.07; 95% CI=-0.13 to -0.02; p= 0.008). Meanwhile, the indirect influence was observational learning (b= 0.12; 95% CI= -0.00 to 0.24; p= 0.056), and expected outcome (b=0.31; 95% CI= 0.19 to 0.43; p <0.001). Conclusion: The non-smoking behavior of students is directly influenced by social capital, self-efficacy, attitude, and age. While the indirect influence is observational learning, and the expectation of results.
Ageing, Education, and Protein Intake Shape Nutritional Status in Indonesian Older Adults: A Population-Based Study Akhmad Azmiardi; Muhamad Zakki Saefurrohim; Ratih Wirapuspita Wisnuwardani; Irfansyah Baharuddin Pakki
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol. 11 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejhpb.2026.11.02.04

Abstract

Background: The elderly population in Indonesia has increased rapidly, accompanied by health challenges such as malnutrition, which can lead to sarcopenia and physical weakness. Body weight is one indicator of nutritional status, which can be influenced by characteristics and nutrient intake, such as protein. This study aims to analyze the influence of age, gender, education and protein intake on nutritional status in the elderly in Indonesia. Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study of the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS-5) involved 2,908 individuals aged 60 and above. Sociodemographic variables (age, gender, education level, and marital status) were measured using a questionnaire, while protein intake was measured using a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Bivariate data analysis was used to determine the relationship between age, gender, and protein intake and nutritional status and logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate factors influencing poor nutritional status. Results: Age ≥ 71 years (aOR= 2.14; 95%CI= 0.56 to 0.96; p<0.001), male (aOR=1.43; 95%CI= 0.16 to 0.55; p= 0.003) increase the risk of poor nutritional status, while education > Senior High School (aOR=0.22; 95%CI= -0.22 to -0.77; p<0.001), and high protein intake (aOR= 0.80; 95%CI= -0.42 to -0.02; p =0.033) are protective factors for poor nutritional status in the elderly. Conclusion: Age over 70 years and being male increases the risk of poor nutritional status, while high levels of education and protein intake reduce the risk of poor nutritional status in the elderly in Indonesia.
Applying the Health Belief Model to Examine Obesity Prevention Behaviors Among Female Adolescents in Sukoharjo, Central Java, Indonesia Nurjihan Luthfia Nabilla; Eti Poncorini Pamungkasari; Argyo Demartoto; Bhisma Murti; Cynthia Permata Sari
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol. 10 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/

Abstract

Background: Obesity is a growing global health problem, especially among adolescent girls. The increasing prevalence of obesity in Indonesia, including in Sukoharjo Regency, is a serious concern because obesity contributes to various non-communicable diseases. This study aims to analyze the influence of the Health Belief Model (HBM) application on obesity prevention behavior among female adolescents at PPTQ Al Rasyid Kartasura, Sukoharjo, Central Java. Subjects and Method: This study used a cross-sectional Study design. The study was carried out from February to March 2025 at PPTQ Al Rasyid Junior and Senior High School Kartasura, Suko¬harjo. The study sample was 210 students who were selected by an exhaustive sampling technique. The data collection instrument was in the form of a structured questionnaire that measured the HBM constructs, namely perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefit, perceived barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy. Data analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression. The dependent variable was obesity prevention behavior. Results: Obesity prevention behaviors increased with high perceived susceptibility (b= 0.17; 95% CI= 0.01 to 0.34; p= 0.022), perceived severity (b= 0.17; 95% CI= 0.01 to 0.34; p = 0.022), perceived benefits (b= 0.31; 95% CI= 0.03 to 0.59; p= 0.028), cues to action (b= 0.25; 95% CI= 0.02 to 0.49; p= 0.033), self-efficacy (b = 0.19; 95% CI= 0.01 to 0.37; p= 0.045), and decreased with the high perceived barriers (b = -0.18; 95% CI= -0.35 to -0.01; p= 0.046). Conclusion: High perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefit, cues to action, and self-efficacy, as well as low perceived barriers, contribute to improving obesity prevention behaviors among female adolescents.
Gaps in Maternal Behavior, Family Support, and Early Childhood Education Participation in the Development of Children Under Five Years: A Stratified Analysis of Urban vs. Rural Settings Ida Nursanti; Bhisma Murti; Sri Mulyani
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol. 11 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejhpb.2026.11.02.01

Abstract

Background: The intensity and quality of developmental stimulation provided by mothers, families, and the early childhood education environment determine the developmental outcomes of children under five years of age. Place of residence influences the cultural practices surrounding child-rearing, access to healthcare services, and the availability of facilities that support child development. This study aims to examine maternal stimulation behaviors, family support, and participation in early childhood education on child development based on place of residence (urban vs. rural). Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 200 respondents in urban areas and 200 in rural areas. Respondents consisted of mother-child pairs with children under five years of age, selected according to predetermined criteria. Data were measured using questionnaires and observation sheets (DDST II). Stratified tests were performed using STATA 13 software. Results: In the rural group, positive maternal behavior and family support were significantly associated with improved developmental outcomes for children under five years of age (RR 1.94; 95%CI 1.31 to 2.87; p = 0.001 and RR 1.47; 95%CI 1.17 to 1.867; p = 0.001), while non-significant associations were found in the urban group (p = 0.256 and p = 0.069). In the urban group, children's participation in early childhood education programs was significantly associated with more optimal developmental outcomes (RR 1.59; 95%CI 1.04 to 2.43; p = 0.033), whereas a non-significant association was observed in the rural group (p = 0.546). Conclusion: The factor of place of residence determines differences in maternal behavior, family support, and participation in early childhood education regarding child development. Health promotion intervention research aimed at enhancing maternal behavior and family support for child development needs to be designed with different methodologies based on the residential area.
Understanding Utilization of Basic Oral Health Services  Through the Health Belief Model: A Population-Based  Study in Kediri, East Java, Indonesia Galih Reza Firmansyah; Arsita Eka Prasetyawati; Endang Sutisna Sulaeman; Erindra Budi Cahyanto; Selfi Handayani
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/

Abstract

Background: The utilization of basic oral and dental health services remains suboptimal despite the availability of services within primary healthcare systems. This gap suggests that service utilization is influenced not only by access but also by individual health beliefs and perceptions. The Health Belief Model provides a theoretical framework to explain how cognitive and behavioral factors shape health-seeking behavior. This study aimed to examine determinants of basic oral health service utilization in Kediri Regency, Indonesia, using the Health Belief Model framework. Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 363 residents of Kediri Regency selected through multistage sampling. The dependent variable was the utilization of basic oral and dental health services. Independent variables included perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, and cues to action. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using multiple logistic regression with a significance level of p < 0.005. Results: Perceived benefits showed a positive and significant association (OR = 1.30; 95% CI: 0.71 to 2.44; p = 0.037), cues to action demonstrated a significant negative association (OR = 0.59; 95% CI: 0.31 to 1.13; p = 0.012), perceived susceptibility (OR = 2.42; 95% CI: 0.90 to 6.48; p = 0.074), perceived severity (OR = 0.84; 95% CI: 0.41–1.72; p = 0.062), perceived barriers (OR = 0.71; 95% CI: −0.41 to 1.22; p = 0.228), and self-efficacy (OR = 1.86; 95% CI: −0.82 to 4.37; p = 0.146) were not statistically significant predictors of dental service utilization.   Conclusion: Utilization of basic oral health services was primarily influenced by perceived benefits and cues to action. Strengthening public awareness of the benefits of dental care and enhancing behavioral triggers may improve the utilization of oral health services in the community.
Effects of Social Norms and Social Networks on Non-Smoking Behavior among Junior High School Adolescents in Boyolali, Central Java, Indonesia Budi Santoso; Argyo Demartoto; Revi Gama Hatta Novika; Haryani Saptaningtyas; Yulia Lanti Retno Dewi
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol. 11 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejhpb.2026.11.02.06

Abstract

Background: Smoking behavior among adolescents remains a public health problem that may lead to long-term health consequences. Junior high school students are a vulnerable population at risk of engaging in smoking behavior due to social environmental influences, particularly from peers and family members. Social norms and social networks play an important role in shaping adolescents’ ability to maintain non-smoking behavior. This study aimed to analyze the effects of social norms and social networks on non-smoking behavior among junior high school students in Boyolali Regency. Subjects and Method: This study employed a quantitative research method with a cross-sectio­nal design. The population consisted of 33,700 junior high school adolescents in Boyolali Regency. A total of 240 respondents were included in this study, and the data were collected using a stratified random sampling technique. The samples were obtained from eight junior high schools in Boyolali Regency, comprising four public junior high schools and four private junior high schools. Results: Based on Table 4, social norms had a significant effect on non-smoking behavior. Respondents with high social norms were 7.34 times more likely to engage in non-smoking behavior than those with low social norms (AOR = 7.34; 95% CI = 3.48 to 15.49; p = 0.001). Social networks also had a significant effect on non-smoking behavior. Respondents with high social networks were 7.78 times more likely to engage in non-smoking behavior than those with low social networks (AOR= 7.78; 95% CI= 3.68 to 16.43; p= 0.001). Gender was significantly associated with non-smoking behavior. Female respondents were 2.52 times more likely to engage in non-smoking behavior than male respondents (AOR = 2.52; 95% CI = 1.22 to 5.21; p = 0.012).  Conclusion: Social norms and social networks significantly influenced non-smoking behavior among junior high school adolescents in Boyolali Regency.
Maternal Decisions on Prelacteal Feeding Practices for Newborns using the Theory of Planned Behavior Approach in Grogol, Sukoharjo, Central Java, Indonesia Arjuna Pratama Waruwu; Haryani Saptaningtyas; Revi Gama Hatta Novika; Eti Poncorini Pamungkasari Pamungkasari; Ika Sumiyarsi Sukamto
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol. 11 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejhpb.2026.11.02.08

Abstract

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding is essential for optimal infant health, yet its coverage in Indonesia remains suboptimal, partly due to prelacteal feeding practices that interfere with breastfeeding initiation and increase health risks for newborns. The purpose of this study was to examine how maternal intention and prelacteal feeding habits are impacted by attitude, subjective standards, and perceived behavioral control among postpartum mothers. Subjects and Method: This was a quantitative observational study employing a cross-sectional design, conducted in Grogol District, Sukoharjo, Central Java, Indonesia, from February to March 2026. A total of 82 postpartum mothers ≤42 days after delivery were chosen using total sampling. The independent factors were attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and intention, and the dependent variable was prelacteal feeding practice. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data, and logistic regression was used for analysis. Results: Subjective norms (OR= 3.12; 95% CI= 1.15 to 8.64; p= 0.012) and perceived behavioral control (OR= 5.16; 95% CI= 1.83 to 14.79; p<0.001) were significantly associated with maternal intention. Intention (OR= 2.68; 95% CI= 0.99 to 7.27; p= 0.029) and perceived behavioral control (OR= 4.69; 95% CI= 1.67 to 13.45; p<0.001) were significantly associated with prelacteal feeding practices. In multivariate analysis, perceived behavioral control remained the strongest determinant of intention (OR= 6.88;95% CI= 1.63 to 28.92; p= 0.008) and prelacteal feeding practice (OR= 4.26; 95 % CI= 1.62 to 11.17; p= 0.003). Conclusion: The most significant factor influencing mother intention and prelacteal feeding practices was perceived behavioral control. Health promotion strategies should focus on reducing breastfeeding barriers and strengthening family and healthcare support.  
Effect of PRECEDE–PROCEED Model on the Decision-Making of Implant Contraceptive Method among Women of Reproductive Age Enny Suramto; Setyo Sri Rahardjo; Revi Gama Hatta Novika; Ika Sumiyarsi Sukamto; Erindra Budi Cahyanto
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol. 11 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejhpb.2026.11.02.11

Abstract

Background: Implant contraception is a highly effective long-acting contraceptive method, but its use among women of reproductive age remains suboptimal. Decisions to use implant contraception are influenced by demographic characteristics, predisposing factors, enabling factors, and reinforcing factors. This study aimed to analyze the direct and indirect effects of PRECEDE–PROCEED Model indicators on decision-making regarding implant contraceptive use among women of reproductive age in the working area of Miri Public Health Center, Sragen Regency. Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 422 women of reproductive age in the working area of Miri Public Health Center, Sragen Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. Respondents were selected using fixed control sampling. The dependent variable was implant contraceptive use. Independent variables included education, age, occupation, income, knowledge, attitude, enabling factors, family support, social support, and community support. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using the Chi-square test and path analysis with Generalized Structural Equation Modeling. Results: Implant contraceptive use was directly increased by age (b=2.56; 95% CI=1.82 to 3.31; p<0.001), family support (b=0.94; 95% CI=0.22 to 1.65; p=0.010), social support (b=2.75; 95% CI= 1.78 to 3.72; p<0.001), and positive attitude (b=2.57; 95% CI=1.82 to 3.33; p<0.001). Conversely, education (b=-1.09; 95% CI=-1.80 to -0.38; p=0.003) and occupation (b=-1.00; 95% CI= -1.73 to -0.28; p=0.006) reduced implant contraceptive use. Income and enabling factors showed no significant direct effects. Attitude was positively influenced by age (b= 1.17; p<0.001), knowledge (b= 0.82; p= 0.037), and family support (b= 1.38; p<0.001), while social and community support had no significant effects. Conclusion: Implant contraceptive use was influenced by age, education, occupation, family support, social support, and attitude. Attitude acted as an important mediator linking age, knowledge, and family support to implant contraceptive use.
Theory of Planned Behavior Constructs in Predicting Iron Supplement Consumption Adherence among Female Adolescents in Kudus, Central Java, Indonesia Pelangi Pagi Kalimasadha; Revi Gama Hatta Novika; Ika Sumiyarsi Sukamto; Okid Parama Astiri; Arsita Eka Prasetyawati
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol. 11 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejhpb.2026.11.02.07

Abstract

Background: Anemia among female adolescents remains a significant public health problem in Indonesia. One of the main strategies to prevent anemia is the routine provision of iron supple­mentation tablets (TTD) for female adolescents. However, compliance to iron tablet consumption remains suboptimal. This study aimed to analyze the influence of the constructs of the Theory of Planned Behavior, on adherence to iron tablet consumption among female adolescents. Subjects and Method: This study employed a quantitative research design with a cross-sectional approach. The study was conducted among 275 female adolescents attending senior high schools at Ngembal Kulon and Jekulo sub districts, Kudus, Central Java, Indonesia. Participants were selected using proportional sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using logistic regression to determine the influence of attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and intention on adherence to iron tablet consumption. Results: The results showed that attitude (OR=0.78; 95% CI=0.45–1.37; p=0.397) and intention (OR=0.82; 95% CI=0.44–1.51; p=0.520) was not significantly associated with compliance to iron tablet consumption. In contrast, subjective norms (OR=1.80; 95% CI=1.03–3.15; p=0.040) and perceived behavioral control (OR=4.67; 95% CI=2.40–9.10; p<0.001) were significantly associated with adherence to iron tablet consumption. Among these variables, perceived behavioral control was identified as the strongest determinant.in non-smoking behavior than male respondents (AOR = 2.52; 95% CI = 1.22 to 5.21; p = 0.012).  Conclusion: Subjective norms and perceived behavioral control significantly influence adherence to iron tablet consumption among female adolescents.
Effect of Health Education Based on the Information–Motivation–Behavioral Skills Model on Maternal Knowledge, Motivation, Skills, and Behavior in Stimulating Child Speech Development Ida Nursanti; Bhisma Murti; Anna Kusumawati Sugiharti; Muhammad Erwan Syah
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol. 11 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejhpb.2026.11.03.02

Abstract

Background: The primary education of children under the age of three is provided by caregivers, and mothers are the principal caregivers within the family. The key to optimizing child development lies in enhancing mothers’ ability to provide developmental stimulation. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of health education based on IMB theory in improving mothers’ health behaviors related to speech development stimulation. Subjects and Method: The study employed a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design. The intervention group received health education in stages over four weeks, whereas the control group received health education through standard health services provided by health personnel. Each group comprised 30 mother–child dyads with children aged 2–3 years, selected according to the inclusion criteria. Data analysis compared pre- and post-intervention score differences using Wilcoxon test with Stata 13. Results: The pretest–posttest score comparisons in the intervention group showed statistically significant results and medium effect sizes for information (r= 0.32; p= 0.014), motivation (r= 0.35; p= 0.007), skills (r= 0.37; p= 0.005), and maternal behavior (r= 0.34; p= 0.008). In the control group, the mean differences in pretest-posttest scores for all variables were not statistically significant: information (r= 0.22; p= 0.083), motivation (r= 0.10; p= 0.465), skills (r=0.08; p= 0.564), and maternal behavior (r= 0.05; p= 0.706).  Conclusion: Structured and integrated interventions addressing informational, motivational, and behavioral skills components have been shown to be more effective in enhancing speech development stimulation in toddlers. Future research should emphasize the use of behavior-theory-based approaches in the development of early childhood health programs.

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