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Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : -     EISSN : 25491172     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (JHPB) is an electronic, open-access, double-blind and peer-reviewed international journal, focusing on health promotion and health-related behaviors. It began its publication on May 21, 2015. The journal is published four times yearly. It seeks to understand factors at various layers associated with health behavior and health-impacting policy and find evidence-based social and behavioral strategies to improve population health status.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 356 Documents
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The Role of the Health Belief Model in Antenatal Care Visits among Pregnant Women at Sentru Saude Komunitaria, Baucau Municipality, Timor Leste Natalino de Jesus Varela; Yulia Lanti Retno Dewi; Bhisma Murti; Revi Gama Hatta Novika; Setyo Sri Rahardjo
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/

Abstract

Background: Antenatal Care (ANC) visits are an essential intervention for reducing the risk of maternal morbidity and mortality. However, ANC coverage in several regions of Timor-Leste, including Baucau Municipality, remains below the national target. This study aimed to analyze factors influencing pregnant women’s compliance with recommended ANC visits according to timing and guidelines using the Health Belief Model (HBM)Subjects and Method: This cross-sectional study involved 200 pregnant women registered at healthcare facilities in Baucau Municipality, Timor-Leste. Data were collected using a question-naire based on HBM constructs that had been tested for validity and reliability. Data were analyzed using path analysis with STATA version 13 to identify direct and indirect effects among variables associated with ANC visits.Results: The results showed that cues to action had a direct and positive effect on ANC visits (b= 0.12; 95% CI= 0.03 to 0.20; p= 0.005). Gestational age had a significant positive effect on ANC visits (b= 0.24; 95% CI= 0.16 to 0.32; p< 0.001). In contrast, distance to healthcare facilities had a significant negative effect (b= -0.70; 95% CI= -0.75 to -0.64; p< 0.001), while parity had a negative but non-significant effect (b= -0.05; 95% CI= -0.14 to 0.03; p= 0.175). Self-efficacy had an indirect effect on ANC visits through perceived benefits (b= 0.15; 95% CI= 0.01 to 0.29; p= 0.040) and perceived benefits also had a significant indirect effect (b= 0.22; 95% CI= 0.08 to 0.37; p= 0.002). Perceived severity indirectly influenced ANC visits as well (b= -0.14; 95% CI= -0.26 to -0.01; p= 0.035).Conclusion: ANC visits increased with stronger cues to action and advancing gestational age. Conversely, ANC visits decreased with greater parity and longer distance to healthcare facilities. ANC visits were indirectly influenced by perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived barriers, perceived benefits, and self-efficacy.
Implementation of the Health Belief Model to Explore Elderly Health Post Service Utilization in Jaten, Karanganyar District, Central Java, Indonesia Herry Putut Cahyono; Setyo Sri Rahardjo; Bhisma Murti; Revi Gama Hatta Novika; Ika Sumiyarsi Sukamto
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol. 10 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/

Abstract

Background: The utilization of elderly integrated health post (posyandu) visits remains a significant issue affecting the health status of older adults. Elderly health post service serves as a community-based health service platform designed to cater to the needs of the elderly population. However, the utilization of elderly health post service visits is still very low. This study aims to analyze the factors associated with the utilization of elderly health post service services based on the Health Belief Model (HBM). Subjects and Method: The study employed a cross-sectional design and was conducted in Jaten District, Karanganyar, Central Java, Indonesia, from March to April 2025. Sampling was carried out using a multistage sampling method, involving 210 elderly individuals from 30 existing elderly health post service centers. The dependent variable was the utilization of elderly health post service. The independent variables were perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefit, perceived barrier, cues to action, and self-efficacy. Data were collected using a questionnaire. Path analysis was employed for data analysis. Results: The utilization of elderly health post service was significantly influenced by perceived susceptibility (b= 0.22; 95% CI= 0.09 to 0.35; p= 0.001), perceived barrier (b= -0.29; 95% CI= 0.42 to -0.15; p <0.001), and self-efficacy (b= 0.13; 95% CI= 0.01 to 0.26; p= 0.038). It was indirectly affected by perceived benefits, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, and cues to action. Conclusion: The utilization of elderly health post service services is directly influenced by perceived susceptibility, perceived barriers, and self-efficacy. Indirectly, the utilization of elderly health post service visits is affected by perceived barriers, perceived benefits, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, and cues to action.
The Influence of the Health Belief Model on Reproductive Health Behavior among Adolescents in Surakarta, Indonesia Bita Lestari; Ika Sumiyarsi Sukamto; Okid Parama Astirin; Revi Gama Hatta Novika; Vitri Widyaningsih
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/

Abstract

Background: Adolescents are vulnerable to reproductive health problems. Globally, approximately 1.7 million adolescents are living with HIV, and 12 million births occur among those aged 15–19 years. In Surakarta, 224 cases have been reported, highlighting the need for a Health Belief Model (HBM)-based approach. This study aimed to analyze the influence of HBM constructs on adolescent reproductive health behavior in Surakarta, both directly and indirectly. Subject and method: This was a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design conducted among 200 respondents selected through multistage random sampling from five secondary schools. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using simple logistic regression and path analysis. Results: Bivariate analysis showed that perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy were significantly associated with reproductive health behavior (p < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, self-efficacy had a positive and significant effect (b = 0.08; p = 0.015), perceived barriers had a negative and significant effect (b = -0.03; p = 0.034), and cues to action had a positive and significant effect (b = 0.19; p < 0.001). In addition, several HBM components had indirect effects on reproductive health behavior through self-efficacy as a mediating variable. The model demonstrated a good fit to the data (p = 0.441; RMSEA = 0.000; CFI = 1.000; TLI = 1.003; SRMR = 0.016). Conclusion: The components of the Health Belief Model significantly influence adolescent reproductive health behavior, both directly and indirectly through self-efficacy. Reproductive health interventions should emphasize improving self-efficacy and strengthening behavioral enabling factors.
Associations Between Social Support, Health Belief Model Constructs, and Smoking Cessation Among Patients Attending a Smoking Cessation Clinic in Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia Seindy Arya Kusuma Timoer; Hendrastutik Apriningsih; Bhisma Murti; Jatu Aphridasari; Ana Rima Setijadi
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol. 11 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejhpb.2026.11.03.01

Abstract

Background: Smoking behaviour is a major health problem in Indonesia, with a high prevalence rate. The decision to quit smoking is influenced by various factors, including social support and components of the Health Belief Model (HBM). However, the direct and indirect mechanisms through which social support and HBM components influence smoking behaviour remain incompletely understood, particularly among patients attending smoking cessation clinics. Understanding these factors is crucial for improving the success of smoking cessation programmes. Subjects and Method: This analytical observational study employed a case-control design involving patients at the Surakarta Smoking Cessation Clinic from September 2025 to November 2025. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analysed using logistic regression and generalized structural equation modeling (GSEM) to evaluate the direct and indirect effects between variables. Results: Self-efficacy had a positive effect on smoking cessation (b = 1.23; 95% CI = 0.60 to 1.85; p < 0.001). Perceived susceptibility (b = 0.66; 95% CI = 0.05 to 1.27; p = 0.034) and perceived benefit (b = 0.63; 95% CI = 0.001 to 1.26; p = 0.050) have a positive effect on smoking cessation, whilst perceived barriers have a negative effect on smoking cessation (b = −0.70; 95% CI = −1.30 to −0.09; p = 0.025). Cues to action had a positive effect on self-efficacy (b = 0.73; 95% CI = 0.16 to 1.31; p = 0.013). Social support positively influenced cues to action (b = 1.85; 95% CI = 1.21 to 2.49; p < 0.001) and perceived benefits (b = 1.00; 95% CI = 0.42 to 1.59; p = 0.001). Social support influences smoking cessation indirectly through cues to action, perceived benefits, and self-efficacy. Conclusion: Smoking cessation is influenced by the interaction between social support and the components of the Health Belief Model, with self-efficacy being the most dominant factor. Social support plays an indirect role by increasing cues to action, perceived benefits, and self-efficacy; therefore, strengthening these factors is important in improving the success of smoking cessation.
Analysis of Factors Influencing Community Participation in the Free Health Screening Program Based on the Precede–Proceed Model Wendewina Victorin; Eti Poncorini Pamungkasari; Setyo Sri Rahardjo; Sri Mulyani; Revi Gama Hatta Novika
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol. 11 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejhpb.2026.11.03.04

Abstract

Background: Free health screening programs (Program Pemeriksaan Kesehatan Gratis/PKG) are essential promotive and preventive strategies to improve public health through early disease detection. However, community participation remains suboptimal despite the availability of free services. This study aimed to analyze factors influencing community participation based on the PRECEDE–PROCEED model. Subjects and Method: This was an analytic cross-sectional study conducted in six public health centers in Sragen Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. The target population was community members aged ≥15 years who were eligible for the PKG program. A total of 264 respondents were selected using simple random sampling. The dependent variable was community participation in the PKG Program. Independent variables included predisposing factors (knowledge, attitude, motivation), enabling factors (facilities, ease of access, service information), and reinforcing factors (social support). Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using the Chi-Square test and multiple logistic regression. Results: Multivariate analysis showed that respondents with easy access to health services were 4.40 times more likely to participate in the PKG Program than those with difficult access (OR= 4.40; 95% CI=1.41 to 13.72; p=0.011). Respondents with high social support were 22.03 times more likely to participate than those with low social support (OR= 22.03; 95% CI=4.59 to 105.74; p <0.001). Although not statistically significant, facilities showed a borderline association with participation (OR=0.02; 95% CI=0.0002 to 1.39; p=0.070). Social support was the most dominant factor influencing participation. Conclusion: Community participation in the PKG Program was relatively high. Social support was the strongest determinant of participation, while ease of access significantly influenced participation. Although not statistically significant, the availability of facilities showed a borderline association and may contribute to improving community participation.
Effectiveness of Health Promotion Model-Based Educational Video on Adolescent Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Stunting Prevention: A Case Study in Ponorogo, Indonesia Denis Khorudin; Sajidan; Ratih Puspita Febrinasari; Revi Gama Hatta Novika; Hari Wahyu Nugroho
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol. 11 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejhpb.2026.11.03.03

Abstract

Background: Indonesia’s stunting prevalence stands at 19.8%, far above the national target of 14%. Adolescents, as future mothers, represent a critical yet underutilized upstream prevention target. No study has previously integrated all constructs of the Health Promotion Model (HPM) into an educational video for adolescent stunting prevention. This study aimed to develop a valid HPM-based reproductive health education video and evaluate its effectiveness on adolescent knowledge and attitudes. Subjects and Method: A sequential exploratory mixed-method study applied the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation in Research and Development (ADDIE R&D) framework combined with a quasi-experimental with control group design, was conducted at two High Schools in Ponorogo, Indonesia. The intervention group consisted of 55 senior high school students, while the control group consisted of 55 vocational high school students. Study was carried out from September 2025 to March 2026. Content validity was assessed by two experts: a health promotion specialist and a visual media specialist. Quantitative data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test (within-group) and Mann-Whitney test (between-group). Results: Expert validation demonstrated excellent content validity, with a perfect Scale-Level Content Validity Index based on the average method (S-CVI/Ave = 1.00), and no revisions were required. Knowledge scores increased significantly in the intervention group (p < 0.001). Attitude scores also improved significantly in the control group (p<0.001). However, the post-test comparison between the intervention and control groups showed a statistically significant difference (p <0.001), with the intervention group achieving superior outcomes. Conclusion: The Health Promotion Model (HPM)-based reproductive health educational video demonstrated excellent content validity and significantly improved adolescents' reproductive health outcomes. Therefore, its integration into school-based health promotion programs is recommended to enhance reproductive health education among adolescents.
Effect of Yoga and Walking on Systolic Blood Pressure and Physical Fitness in Older People with Hypertension Ely Tri Susiani; Yulia Lanti Retno Dewi; Siti Khoiriyah; Dhoni Akbar Ghozali; Adi Prayitno
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol. 11 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejhpb.2026.11.03.05

Abstract

Background: Hypertension in the elderly is one of the most common health problems and is at risk of causing cardiovascular complications. Physical activities such as yoga and walking are seen as effective non-pharmacological interventions in helping control blood pressure, improving physical fitness, and providing a positive impact on the quality of elderly health services. This study aims to analyze the effect of yoga and walking on systolic blood pressure and physical fitness in older people with hypertension. Subjects and Method: This was an experimental study. The independent variable was yoga and walking program. The dependent variables were systolic blood pressure and physical fitness. The effect of yoga and walking interventions on systolic blood pressure and physical fitness was analyzed using Freadman test. Results: The results showed that yoga and walking had a significant effect on reducing systolic blood pressure in the elderly with (Sig. 0.001 <0.05). Spearman’s rho analysis results indicate that behavioral activity is significantly associated with all variables, as the p-value is < 0.001. The strongest association was found with pre-test systolic blood pressure (r = 0.78). Meanwhile, post-test physical fitness showed an r-value of 0.67, pre-test physical fitness r = 0.54, and systolic blood pressure r = 0.47. Conclusion: There is a significant difference in the effect of behavioral activity on systolic blood pressure and physical fitness in elderly people with hypertension, based on the Friedman test. Behavioral activity has been shown to contribute to lowering systolic blood pressure and improving physical fitness; there is a strong relationship between behavioral activity on systolic blood pressure and physical fitness based on the Spearman's rho correlation test.
Health Belief Model Construct Associated with Oral Health Behaviors: A Meta-Analysis Joko Tri Atmojo; Anggun Fitri Handayani; Aris Widiyanto; Saras Kuntari; Hakim Anasulfalah
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol. 11 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejhpb.2026.11.03.08

Abstract

Background: Daily toothbrushing and regular dental check-ups are essential components in the prevention of oral diseases. However, the low level of adherence to these behaviors highlights the need for a more comprehensive review of the evidence to understand the influencing factors. This study aimed to estimate the strength of association between constructs of the Health Belief Model (HBM) and oral health behaviors. Subjects and Method: This systematic review and meta-analysis searched PubMed and Google Scholar for full-text cross-sectional studies published between 2015 and 2025. Eligibility criteria were defined using the PICO framework: P= children; I= high perceived susceptibility, high perceived benefit, and high self-efficacy; C= low perceived susceptibility, low perceived benefit, and low self-efficacy; and O= daily toothbrushing and dental check-ups. A total of 14 eligible studies were included and analyzed using Review Manager 5.3. Results: A total of 14 articles were included in this meta-analysis, originating from Norway, Spain, Australia, Taiwan, Iran, the United Kingdom, France, Ethiopia, Japan, the United States, and China. High perceived susceptibility increased the likelihood of daily toothbrushing (aOR= 1.31; 95% CI= 1.10 to 1.56; p= 0.003; I²= 55%) and dental check-ups (aOR= 1.39; 95% CI= 1.19 to 1.62; p<0.001; I²= 64%). High perceived benefit increased the likelihood of daily toothbrushing (aOR= 1.64; 95% CI= 1.39 to 1.94; p < 0.001; I²= 0%) and dental check-ups (aOR= 1.48; 95% CI= 1.31 to 1.66; p= 0.001; I²= 52%). High self-efficacy markedly increased the likelihood of daily toothbrushing (aOR= 6.43; 95% CI= 1.62 to 25.48; p< 0.001; I²= 97%) and dental check-ups (aOR= 2.38; 95% CI= 1.67 to 3.39; p< 0.001; I²= 98%). Conclusion: High perceived susceptibility, high perceived benefit, and high self-efficacy significantly improve oral health behaviors in children.
Health Belief Model and Hypertension-Related Actions Among Posyandu Community Health Workers in Langgudu District, Bima Regency, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia Supriadin; Argyo Demartoto; Yulia Lanti Retno Dewi; Ika Sumiyarsi Sukamto; Erindra Budi Cahyanto
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol. 11 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejhpb.2026.11.03.06

Abstract

Background: Hypertension is one of the most prevalent non-communicable diseases and remains a major public health concern worldwide. Effective hypertension control requires not only formal healthcare services but also active community participation through community health workers who play a crucial role in health promotion and disease prevention. Community health workers’ actions in hypertension control may be influenced by psychological factors described in the Health Belief Model (HBM). This study aimed to analyze the association between HBM constructs and hypertension-related actions among Posyandu community health workers. Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 86 integrated community health (posyandu) workers. Sample was selected using purposive sampling. The dependent variable was hypertension-related actions. The independent variables were perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefit, perceived barrier, and cues to action. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using a multiple logistic regression. Results: Integrated community health workers with high perceived severity were 3.69 times more likely to perform good hypertension-related actions than those with low perceived severity (OR= 3.69, 95% CI= 1.11 to 12.27, p= 0.033). Community health workers with high perceived barrier were 4.80 times more likely to demonstrate good hypertension-related actions (OR= 4.80, 95% CI= 1.37 to 16.83, p = 0.014). Perceived susceptibility (OR = 1.49, 95% CI= 0.44 to 5.13, p = 0.522), perceived benefits (OR= 0.42, 95% CI= 0.10 to 1.91, p = 0.263), and cues to action (OR= 4.18, 95% CI = 0.97 to 18.02, p = 0.055) were not significantly associated with hypertension-related actions. Conclusion: The study concludes that perceived severity and perceived barriers are the most influential HBM constructs affecting hypertension-related actions among community health workers.
Application of the Health Belief Model to Non-Alcohol Drinking Behavior Among Adolescents in Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia Muhammad Azim Zaqfaryawan; Ika Sumiyarsih Sukamto; Setyo Sri Rahardjo; Argyo Demartoto; Yulia Lanti Retno Dewi
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol. 11 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejhpb.2026.11.03.07

Abstract

Background: Alcohol consumption among adolescents is an important public health concern due to its adverse physical, psychological, and social consequences. The Health Belief Model (HBM) provides a theoretical framework for understanding health-related behaviors based on individual perceptions and beliefs. This study aimed to analyze the relationships among HBM constructs and non-alcohol consumption behavior among adolescents. Subjects and Method: A case control study was conducted in Surakarta, Central Java, Indone­sia, from May to June 2025. A total of 200 adolescents aged 15–19 years were recruited, consisting of 100 adolescents who had consumed alcohol and 100 who had never consumed alcohol. Parti­cipants were selected using fixed disease sampling. Data were collected using a structured question­naire measuring perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, self-efficacy, and alcohol consumption behavior. Data were analyzed using path analysis. Results: Non-alcohol drinker behavior was negatively associated with high perceived suscepti­bility (β= −0.02; 95% CI= −0.05 to −0.01; p= 0.044). It was positively associated with strong self-efficacy (β= 0.98; 95% CI= 0.94 to 1.02; p<0.001). Non-alcohol drinker behavior was positively associated with strong cues to action, but it was statistically non-significant (β= 0.03; 95% CI= −0.01 to 0.07; p= 0.190). Self-efficacy decreased with high perceived severity (β= −0.08; 95% CI= −0.13 to −0.03; p= 0.002) but increased with high perceived barrier (β= 0.5; 95% CI= 0.93 to 0.96; p<0.001). Non-alcohol drinker behavior was indirectly associated with self-efficacy through cues to action (β= 0.98; 95% CI= 0.83 to 1.13; p<0.001). Conclusion: Strong self-efficacy was an important factor associated with non-alcohol drinker behavior among adolescents. Strengthening adolescents’ confidence to refuse alcohol and increasing awareness of alcohol-related risks may support alcohol prevention efforts.

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