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CMES (Center of Middle Eastern Studies)
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 2085563X     EISSN : 25021044     DOI : https://doi.org/10.20961/cmes.18.1.103641
Core Subject : Humanities, Education, Art,
Arts Humanities Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media
The CMES (Center of Middle Eastern Studies) journal is a distinguished peer-reviewed academic publication dedicated to advancing rigorous scholarly research on Middle Eastern studies. It publishes high-caliber research articles, theoretical studies, and critical reviews that engage with both contemporary and historical issues relevant to the region, employing a multidisciplinary approach. The CMES journal serves as a dynamic intellectual platform for researchers, academics, and practitioners to exchange innovative findings and perspectives, advancing Middle Eastern studies through a multidisciplinary framework grounded in the epistemological foundations of the humanities and social sciences. In the humanities, the journal emphasizes linguistics, literature, and Arab culture, while in the social sciences, it focuses on politics, economics, education, and the social dimensions of Arab societies. CMES encourages scholarly work that engages these disciplines through monodisciplinary inquiry, interdisciplinary synthesis, or transdisciplinary dialogue, fostering conceptual integration and methodological interaction across disciplinary boundaries. Manuscripts submitted to CMES must be pertinent to Middle Eastern studies and demonstrate clear engagement with the epistemic traditions of their respective fields. Submissions are expected to exhibit rigorous methodology, original insights, and significant contributions to regional studies, while appealing to a global academic audience.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Ilmu Sosial (Lain-Lain)
Articles 166 Documents
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VISION 2030: SAUDI ARABIA’S MODERNIZATION Nadiya Azahra Hidayat; Yon Machmudi; Siti Rohmah Soekarba
Center of Middle Eastern Studies (CMES): Jurnal Studi Timur Tengah Vol 15, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Arabic Literature Department

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/cmes.15.2.62857

Abstract

The Saudi Arabia Kingdom has a long history of applying Islamic law as a reference for state policies. The modernization that has taken place in Saudi Arabia certainly intersected with Wahhabism, adopted as the central ideology of the Saudi Arabia Kingdom. This study discusses Saudi Arabia's modernization efforts,  which were initiated by Muhammad bin Salman’s Vision 2030. This study was designed with a descriptive-qualitative research method and used a literature review as the data collection technique. The theories used include Talcott Parsons' structural, functional theory with a decision-making process approach and the modernization theory by Inglehart and Welzel. The results revealed that the reign of King Salman and the Saudi Arabia Kingdom implemented Vision 2030 as a modernization of Muhammad bin Salman. Saudi Arabia's administration has gone through considerable changes from time to time. Societies once known to be conservative were able to quickly implement the economic and social reforms that began to lead to a liberal system. This is owing to the king's great power and the assurance of state welfare.
THE ESCALATION OF MIDDLE EASTERN KURDISTAN POLITICAL CONFLICT IN THE 1980s Joko Santoso; Fitri Wardani
Center of Middle Eastern Studies (CMES): Jurnal Studi Timur Tengah Vol 15, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Arabic Literature Department

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/cmes.15.2.60383

Abstract

This paper discusses the escalation of the Kurdish political struggle, which has spread to three Middle Eastern countries: Iran, Iraq, and Turkey. The conflict, which had a lengthy history, escalated in the 1980s. This study examines the historical description of the Kurdish war and the Kurds' efforts to reclaim their identity. Using Talcot's Structural Functionalism theory, the results revealed that Kurds in all three nations had resisted various measures to suppress identity from the 1980s to the present. Unfortunately, the ongoing struggle has earned little worldwide attention. Therefore, further research on the Kurds is required.
GONTOR'S ARABIC VARIATION: A STUDY OF ARABIC LANGUAGE USE BY ALUMNI OF GONTOR MODERN ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOL ON SOCIAL MEDIA (SOCIOLINGUISTIC STUDIES) Afnan Arummi; Alif Cahya Setiyadi
Center of Middle Eastern Studies (CMES): Jurnal Studi Timur Tengah Vol 15, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Arabic Literature Department

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/cmes.15.2.62898

Abstract

This paper examines the variations of Gontor's Arabic style through a sociolinguistic approach. The objective of this study is to describe the styles of Arabic used by Pondok Modern Gontor (PMG) alumni on the social media platforms WhatsApp (WA) and Facebook (FB). The data in this paper were collected by the listening method from daily conversations of alumni on social media, and then continued through download and record techniques. The collected data were analyzed using contextual techniques. This study was successful in identifying the peculiarities of Gontor-style Arabic use by PMG alumni in social media, which manifest in several variations, including (1) verbal forms such as shortening (contractions), acronyms, and greetings; (2) the use of speech styles such as speech styles with polysemous expressions, speech styles using synonymous words, and speech styles with code-mixing; and (3) the specificity of linguistic forms consisting of Arabic vocabularies used and understood by fellow PMG alumni.
UNITED STATES AND IRAN INTERVENTION IN THE POST-ARAB SPRING CONFLICT IN YEMEN Ahmad Zainal Mustofa; Magdy B. Behman
Center of Middle Eastern Studies (CMES): Jurnal Studi Timur Tengah Vol 15, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Arabic Literature Department

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/cmes.15.2.58232

Abstract

This article describes the involvement of the United States and Iran in the conflict that occurred in Yemen after the Arab Spring. The conflict occurred due to political turmoil between the government and the opposition, in which America is a supporter of the government regime along with their ally, namely Saudi Arabia. In the opposition camp, Iran gave their support to the Houthi group that had the same ideology, namely Shi'ah. This research was conducted to answer the question of what are the interests of the United States and Iran in the proxy war in Yemen? The theory used in this research is the concept of national interest. This concept is closely related to the view of realism in international relations. The research method used is descriptive analytical by analyzing the relevant variables from various sources that have been filtered according to research needs. After conducting research, it can be concluded that the involvement of the United States and Iran in the Yemen conflict can be seen from four factors of national interest, namely defense interests, economic interests, world order interests, and ideological interests. Of these four interests, both the US and Iran want to show their dominance, existence, strength and influence in global politics of eyes world through intervention in the Yemen conflict after the Arab Spring.
WOMEN'S RESISTANCE IN THE NOVEL A THOUSAND SPLENDID SUNS: A MIDDLE EASTERN STUDY FROM THE ISLAMIC FEMINISM PERSPECTIVE Aiman Aiman; Roma Ulinnuha; Sarwanto Sarwanto
Center of Middle Eastern Studies (CMES): Jurnal Studi Timur Tengah Vol 15, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Arabic Literature Department

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/cmes.15.2.57839

Abstract

This study examines women's resistance in the novel A Thousand Splendid Suns by Khaled Hosseini. The narrative of resistance was caused by women's rebellion against the culture restricting women's freedom in Afghanistan. The object of the study addressed in this novel is the life of Afghan women living in the confines of men and also patriarchal culture and struggle for freedom and escape from patriarchal culture. This study used a feminist approach conceptualized by Barlas feminism about gender equality between men and women. Data analysis involved several stages: data reduction, presentation, and concluding. The result revealed Afghan women's resistance to patriarchal culture in Afghanistan, a form of the cultural revolution in the novel A Thousand Splendid Suns analyzed using Barlas's feminist perspective.
THE STRATEGY OF HOUTHIS TO SEIZE CONTROL OF YEMEN'S TERRITORY: DISTORTION OF SOCIAL NORMS IN CONFLICT Nety Novita Hariyani; Arina Haque; Wildana Wargadinata; Muflikhah Ulya
Center of Middle Eastern Studies (CMES): Jurnal Studi Timur Tengah Vol 15, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Arabic Literature Department

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/cmes.15.2.66442

Abstract

The Houthis' attempt at seizing control of Yemeni territory initially seemed like a protest against the presence of power. However, the Houthi rebellion grew louder and bolder until it crossed the boundaries of social norms. The Houthi group's efforts experienced increasing strong power dynamics, leading to a rising severe conflict. In line with the background, the researchers formulated three problem formulations: (1) How did the Houthis begin their efforts to seize control of Yemen's territory? (2) What are the factors that make the strategy of the Houthis a distortion of social norms in the conflict? (3) How do the dynamics of the Houthi power over Yemen play out in the distortion of social norms? This research is based on the argument that the Houthis are trying to distort social norms in Yemen. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The technique used in data collection is reading and taking notes. The data analysis techniques in this study are data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. This research indicates that the conflict between the Houthis and Yemen is an organized conflict of interest.
THE PRINCIPLES OF BALANCE AND THE EMERGENCE OF HUMANITY AWARENESS IN ‘ALI AHMAD BAKĀTSĪR’S SALLĀMAH AL-QASS: ISLAMIC LITERARY PERSPECTIVE Mahmudah Mahmudah
Center of Middle Eastern Studies (CMES): Jurnal Studi Timur Tengah Vol 15, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Arabic Literature Department

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/cmes.15.2.63255

Abstract

The worship of a servant to God will fall short of perfection without paying attention and treating those around them with respect. ‘Ali Ahmad Bakātsīr, through Sallāmah al-Qass, told a young man who solely practices solitary worship in his daily life and then suddenly falls in love with a sweet-voiced entertainer girl who changes his life. This paper aims to show the principles of balance and their impact on raising humanity's awareness in the novel, which can be classified as a textual-formalistic puritan Islamic literary work from an Islamic literary perspective. The data collection was carried out based on the work literature study method. The data were obtained by carefully reading the figures’ words, thoughts, and attitudes leading to a predetermined formal object. The data analysis method used was the interpretive method. The principles of balance found in the novel are (1) balance between individual worship and social worship, (2) balance between physical and spiritual life, and (3) balance between worldly life and the hereafter. These principles raise humanity's awareness, namely (1) other people outside of oneself need to be considered, not abandoned, and (2) one should not justify the good or bad of the other by only looking at their outward actions. Thus, the three principles of balance proposed by 'Ali Aḥmad Bakāṡīr in Sallāmah al-Qass show Islamic values, which are expected to be a guide for the life of Muslims. This is because this work is a puritan Islamic literature committed to implementing Islamic teachings for its adherents or believer.
TRIAL RITUALS IN MOROCCO: ATTEMPTING TO UNDERSTAND THE REPRESENTATIONS AND EXPLICITNESS OF MODERNISATION CHOICES Anouar Hatim
Center of Middle Eastern Studies (CMES) Vol 16, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Arabic Literature Department

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/cmes.16.1.75111

Abstract

This research aims to retrace and interpret the symbolic representations of trial rituals inherited from colonial times in North African countries, attempting to recycle them and make them more compatible with the principles of justice and fairness on which each trial is based. To this end, the researcher used a qualitative descriptive approach, which involved presenting the research problem, collecting the relevant data and analysing it before drawing conclusions. The research has produced several findings, the most important of which is that the symbolic framework of the trial, while helping to present the authority and legitimacy of justice, is in contrast to the values of justice, fairness and equality between the adversaries. It tends to condemn the still innocent accused, even practising intentional violence and ritually contaminating his identity by the insinuations and innuendoes it practices.
THE HEGEMONY OF HAMAS AND ITS IMPACT ON THE SOCIAL BEHAVIOR OF THE PALESTINIAN SOCIETY Ahmad Jazuli; Suryo Ediyono; Abdul Malik; Alif Al Hilal Ahmad; Siti Muslifah
Center of Middle Eastern Studies (CMES) Vol 16, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Arabic Literature Department

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/cmes.16.1.67057

Abstract

This article explains the Hamas movement’s influence on Palestinian social conditions. This paper’s purpose is to describe the hegemony of Hamas in Palestine and its influence on the social behavior of the Palestinian people. The problem in this study is how the Hamas movement affects the social conditions of the Palestinian people. This research used a qualitative interpretive method and a hermeneutic method. This study uses Gramsci’s theory of hegemony as a scalpel. The results of this paper indicate that the hegemony of Hamas in Palestine affects the mindset, behavior, and vision of the Palestinian people. The Hamas movement influences people’s minds to defend and fight for the Palestinian territories from Israel. Hamas also forms the mindset of the people to seize power from Fatah, which is its political opponent in Palestine, who has different views on the form of a Palestinian state.
PRACTICE OF POWER IN ILKHANATE: ANALYSIS OF INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION AND SOCIAL EXCHANGE Apipudin Apipudin
Center of Middle Eastern Studies (CMES) Vol 16, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Arabic Literature Department

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/cmes.16.1.70395

Abstract

Ilkhanate was a Mongol empire located in Persia. There were cultural changes and different forms of practice in exercising government power. However, despite the significance of understanding the practice of power in the Ilkhanate through the lens of communication theories, there is a research gap in exploring the specific dynamics of intercultural communication and social exchange theory within this context. Therefore, this study aims to fill this research gap by examining the interplay between power and communication in the Ilkhanate, mainly through the principles of intercultural communication and social exchange theory. The methodology employed in this research is a comprehensive literature study. The findings of this article highlight the inseparability of communication and power, emphasizing the role of intercultural communication in facilitating harmonious relations between diverse nations, including considerations of race, religion, and customs. Additionally, the rulers of the Ilkhanate strategically employed communication and adapted their policies to gain support from local communities, such as Persians and Arabs, particularly by catering to the Muslim population. This research contributes to understanding power practices and strategies in the Ilkhanate by elucidating their alignment with intercultural communication and social exchange theories.

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