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Forest and Society
Published by Universitas Hasanuddin
ISSN : 25494724     EISSN : 25494333     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Environmental Science Social Sciences
Forest and Society is an international and interdisciplinary journal, which publishes peer-reviewed social, political and economic research relating to people, land, and forests. Forest and Society has main geographic focus on Southeast Asia but we do not limit research possibilities that compare between and across regions.
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Articles 208 Documents
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Changing Livelihood Strategies in a Conservation Area: Fishers, Farmers, and Sand Mining in Merauke, Indonesia Untari Untari; Rahim Darma; Philipus Betaubun; Andi Adri Arief; Letty Fudjaja
Forest and Society Vol. 6 No. 1 (2022): APRIL
Publisher : Forestry Faculty, Universitas Hasanuddin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24259/fs.v6i1.13868

Abstract

The Wasur National Park (WNP) includes the Ramsar Site, an important area for global conservation efforts in wetlands. This coastal area also supports the socio-economic activities of local and non-local communities who are highly dependent on natural resources. Conservation efforts in the area are sometimes at odds with the sustainability of local livelihoods and poverty alleviation initiatives for the community. The aim of this study is to describe the sources of community livelihoods in the Wasur Naukenjerai National Park area, specifically around agricultural, fisheries, and sand mining dynamics. Using a qualitative research design, this study uses a field survey to collect primary data sourced from key informants with in-depth interviews from 15 community respondents in three sample villages on the coast, and seven key informants from relevant government agencies. The results show that the main livelihood source for people in the protected area are as fishermen and farmers. Sand mining has emerged as an alternative source of livelihood but has caused degradation of beaches and land in the Wasur National Park area. In addition, there are activities of buying and selling agricultural land in protected areas. The protection of the rights of the community in the area and government support programs have been unable to guarantee the welfare of the community. For this reason, it is necessary to strengthen and further support local institutions livelihoods to ensure the sustainability of Wasur National Park area management.
Global biodiversity-related conventions on facilitating biodiversity conservation in Vietnam Tung, Do Quang; Bravo, Felipe; Sierra-de-Grado, Rosario; Sam, Hoang Van
Forest and Society Vol. 6 No. 2 (2022): NOVEMBER
Publisher : Forestry Faculty, Universitas Hasanuddin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24259/fs.v6i2.14473

Abstract

Global biodiversity-related conventions have positively influenced nature conservation in Vietnam. Adherence to international policies and strategies is one of the critical motivations for reducing biodiversity loss. As highlighted in Aichi Target 11, protected areas are central for this effort and Vietnam is not an exception. In this study we reflect on and suggest how this Target can be most effectively pursued in Vietnam. Of which, besides remaining the status of special-use forests, uplifting protection forests, especially focusing on forest areas which are in rich biodiversity condition, to special-use forests category should be a priority.
Poured from the Sky: The Story of Traditional Ecological Knowledge in Cérékang Forest Conservation Muhammad Akhmar, Andi; Rahman, Fathu; Supratman, Supratman; Hasyim, Husain; Nawir, M.
Forest and Society Vol. 6 No. 2 (2022): NOVEMBER
Publisher : Forestry Faculty, Universitas Hasanuddin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24259/fs.v6i2.15176

Abstract

The Cérékang people are often used as an example of how Indigenous Peoples successfully carry out traditional conservation of customary forests. This article aims to investigate the conditions that sustain the forest conservation in Cérékang by using Berkes’s (2008) concept of traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) and Houde’s (2007) six dimensions of TEK as the framework. Data collections were obtained through literature review, direct observation, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions with key informants. The results of the study are as follows: First, the mythical construction around the area of forest is connected to their cosmology and stories of origin associated with the La Galigo epic, and the Cérékang people have developed protective attitudes towards forests consistent with the term “sacred ecology”. Second, such an attitude is endured by the ethics that respect the intimate relationship between humans, nature, and spiritual realms, which is subsequently manifested through prohibitions to enter the sacred forest except for ritual. This implies that the Cérékang people rely on symbolic knowledge, not technical knowledge, to protect the forest. The protected forest does not only provide cultural ecosystem services but also regulates services that indirectly benefit the Cerekang People such as flood prevention. Yet, the uncertain legal status of the sacred forest and the activities of a mining company around the area pose threats for continued conservation efforts. Consequently, to exercise direct control over the sacred forest area, new community organizations are integrated with customary institutions formed with support from NGOs, local government, and universities. This can be seen as their adaptation strategy to survive and conserve the forest amid ongoing challenges.
Willingness to Pay for Mangroves’ Coastal Protection: A Case Study in Santo Angel, Calauag, Quezon, Philippines Wesley Gagarin; Decibel F. Eslava; Rico Ancog; Cristino L. Tiburan Jr; Noelynna Ramos
Forest and Society Vol. 6 No. 1 (2022): APRIL
Publisher : Forestry Faculty, Universitas Hasanuddin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24259/fs.v6i1.18129

Abstract

The mangroves in Santo Angel in the municipality of Calauag, Quezon Province in the Philippines, provide a wide array of ecological services that range from provisioning of resources and habitat to various floral and faunal species to regulating services including coastal protection. Coastal protection from mangroves is needed by the local community as Santo Angel is susceptible to typhoons and storm surges. However, the mangrove’s ability to provide coastal defense has considerably declined in the past decades due to overexploitation. Using the double-bounded dichotomous choice contingent valuation method, the willingness to pay (WTP) of the local community for a hypothetical mangrove rehabilitation project aligned towards coastal protection was determined. A total of 210 households were involved in the survey. The results show that 79% of the 210 households expressed WTP for the mangrove rehabilitation project. Furthermore, the mean willingness to pay (MWTP) for the mangrove rehabilitation project was computed at Php 15.44 (USD 0.29) per household per month or equivalent to Php 86, 525.76 (USD 1,659.41) per year for the total number of households in Santo Angel. Findings of the logistic regression analysis revealed that sex, age, membership in environmental organizations, and awareness on both the economic importance and the ecological services provided by mangroves positively affect the WTP of the respondents. In contrast, the bid amount and the respondent’s income negatively influence the WTP of the respondents for the mangrove rehabilitation project.
Between Hopes and Threats: New Migratory Birds Records on the Sawala Mandapa Education and Training Forest, Indonesia Dian Iswandaru; Gugie Nugraha; Aris Djati Dwi Iswanto; Yulia Rahma Fitriana; Kornelia Webliana
Forest and Society Vol. 6 No. 1 (2022): APRIL
Publisher : Forestry Faculty, Universitas Hasanuddin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24259/fs.v6i1.19160

Abstract

Java Island is one of the tropical areas for bird migration, especially the Asian-Australian flyway of migratory birds. The SMETF is one of the protected forest areas that migratory birds can visit in Java. This research aims to identify migratory birds in SMETF. Transect and point count methods are used to observe migratory bird movements and their activities. In the research area, four migratory birds were identified: Ficedula zanthopygia, Agropsar sturninus, Pernis ptilorhynchus o., and Accipiter soloensis. The first and second species showed many activities for four months from October 2020 to January 2021, and this is an indication that both are using the research site as a wintering habitat. The activities of the Pernis ptilorhynchus o., Accipiter soloensis were dominated by flying “flock” over the forest. Only the Pernis ptilorhynchus was observed carrying out hunting activities, indicating that this bird uses the area as a stopover area. This research also identified illegal hunting techniques, such as ngaleugeut and mikat, as severe threats to migratory birds in the SMETF.
Impacts of Payment for Forest Ecosystem Services on Local livelihoods in A Luoi District, Thua Thien Hue Province, Viet Nam Thuy, Pham Thu; Duong, Phuoc; Thuy, Le Thi Thanh
Forest and Society Vol. 6 No. 2 (2022): NOVEMBER
Publisher : Forestry Faculty, Universitas Hasanuddin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24259/fs.v6i2.18808

Abstract

This paper analyses the impacts of the national Payment for Forest Environmental Services (PFES) policy in A Luoi district, Thua Thien Hue province, Viet Nam. There are mixed impacts of PFES in A Luoi district. While some surveyed households have experienced increases in income since PFES, for many other incomes have fallen. Our findings show PFES impacts on local communities and individuals are limited because most forest areas are managed by state agencies, leaving only 17.9% of PFES payments being channeled to these groups, while the rest goes to state government agencies and commune people’s committees. This disparity in PFES payments has further widened the income gap between state agencies and local households.  PFES payments currently contribute little to household incomes, averaging only 2.64% of total earnings. PFES has little impact and additionality in advancing land tenure security and reducing natural forest product exploitation for generating income as impacts are similar to those found in non-PFES villages. PFES poverty reduction impacts vary from village to village, but in general, percentages of poor households receiving PFES payments range from 1% to 59%.
Assessing Integration of Science in Policy-Making Process of the Utilization of Abandoned Lands in Indonesia: Case of Bogor Regency Purwawangsa, Handian; Nurrochmat, Dodik Ridho; Kartodihardjo, Hariadi; Rustiadi, Ernan
Forest and Society Vol. 6 No. 2 (2022): NOVEMBER
Publisher : Forestry Faculty, Universitas Hasanuddin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24259/fs.v6i2.19295

Abstract

Science cannot directly influence policy without a process of knowledge transfer and integration into policy-making called the science-policy interface. On the other hand, not all scientists intend to use their knowledge and findings to influence policy-makers. This condition causes a gap between science and policy. The main objective of this study is to identify various "knowledge products" that have varying amounts of policy space, understand the power relations between actors, and identify and analyze the process of integrating knowledge products into the policy-making process for abandoned land in Bogor Regency. The primary method used in this study is the RAPID (Research and Policy in Development) analytical framework. The study indicates that policy-makers will adopt the scientific evidence if they follow their organization's Main Performance Indicators (KPI) or gain political or economic benefits. The role of the lower-level bureaucracy as the implementing agency is crucial in the policy adoption process. The people "behind the organization" and "policy intrapreneurs" have an essential role in integrating scientific knowledge and policy. Scientific products, such as modeling, are often more effective in convincing policy-makers. The scientific evidence will become good advice and have a more significant impact when they meet policy-makers' interests. The study concludes that it is challenging to integrate science into policy-making without mutual trust amongst formal and informal network actors who have access to policy-makers to utilize abandoned lands in Bogor Regency.
Injustice against Women in a Social Forestry Program: Case Studies from Two Indonesian Villages Anugrah, Dadang; Muin, Andi Vika Faradiba; Irlan, Irlan; Tomasina, Muhammad Agung; Azila, Nurul; Sirimorok, Nurhady; Dungga, Novaty Eny; Alam, Syamsu
Forest and Society Vol. 6 No. 2 (2022): NOVEMBER
Publisher : Forestry Faculty, Universitas Hasanuddin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24259/fs.v6i2.20006

Abstract

Social forestry programs, aimed to reduce poverty in forest communities while maintaining the forest function, are increasingly incorporating gender issues and responsiveness. By design, social forestry program is supposed to promote justice and equality for forest users, but on the ground discriminatory practices against women are occurring. Drawing case study from two Indonesian villages, this study examined the extent of discrimination against women in the implementation of the state social forestry programs. In-depth interviews, observations, and focused group discussions were conducted to collect the data from the villages to analyze the extent of discriminatory practices by using a social justice framework with a three-dimensional approach, namely recognition, representation, and participation, as well as distribution. This study found that women were not recognized as the primary users of forest land (not considered as farmers), low representation and participation of women in the Social Forestry Groups, and unequal distribution of benefits between women and men in obtaining assistance and participation in training for capacity building. Furthermore, gender based discrimination and inequality in social forestry are influenced by local social constructions in the form of patriarchal culture and religious belief. Finally, discrimination against women can take place even in state programs designed to bring justice in the context of joint forestry management, and the formal programs with a degree of gender responsive elements can be succumbed to biased local informal institutions and beliefs.
COVID-19 Pandemic: Impacts, Craftsmen’s Living Strategies, and Economic Recovery of Bamboo Handicraft Enterprise in Gunungkidul, Indonesia Utomo, Marcellinus; Sudomo, Aris; Pieter, Levina Augusta Geraldine; Maharani, Dewi; Swestiani, Dila; Siagian, Carmen Minerva; Fambayun, Rizki Ary; Perdana, Aulia; Roshetko, James Michael
Forest and Society Vol. 6 No. 2 (2022): NOVEMBER
Publisher : Forestry Faculty, Universitas Hasanuddin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24259/fs.v6i2.20599

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the household bamboo handicraft industry in rural areas. A comprehensive study was conducted to identify impacts, living strategies, and economic recovery; the findings will be used as a basis to recommend supporting policy to create a more resilient bamboo handicraft business. This study applied phenomenological approach to interpret the social impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. In December 2021, 30 bamboo craftsmen in Semin Village, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta Special Province were interviewed. Results show that 96.7% of bamboo craftsmen experienced a decrease in profit, with 46.6% reporting no order for a long period. The profit earned by craftsmen decreased by 76.50%. Bamboo craftsmen adapted to the COVID-19 pandemic by minimizing capital expenses, creating innovations marketing in options (i.e., direct sales, selling online) and focusing on alternative income sources (farming, hunting and gathering, selling food, and becoming laborers) to survive. As the spread of the virus was controlled, leading to the relaxation of restrictions on economic activities, the bamboo industry in Semin has entered an economic recovery phase. Currently, the average profit has reached 66.18%, compared to the profit earned in normal pre-pandemic situation. We believe the government should facilitate craftsmen to build their capacity in e-commerce, export mechanism, market network creation, tool acquisition, and English proficiency. This would enhance the bamboo handicraft industry in Semin to be more resilient facing future challenges
The Pagoda of the Gods: A case for Indigenous Karen sacred sites as Special Cultural Zones along Thailand’s borders Phatthanaphraiwan, Suwichan; Zeitler, Lilly; Fairfield, Benjamin
Forest and Society Vol. 6 No. 2 (2022): NOVEMBER
Publisher : Forestry Faculty, Universitas Hasanuddin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24259/fs.v6i2.20962

Abstract

Burgeoning recognition of Indigenous traditional ecological knowledge and livelihood practices have led to ‘Special Cultural Zone’ designations for some traditionally Indigenous lands in Thailand. Simultaneously, the Thai government has designated 10 Special Economic Zones (SEZs) to bolster trade and investments along its borders without acknowledging the pre-existence of Indigenous peoples. SEZs intersect with sites of notable cultural significance, such as Kho Pho Lu (Pagoda of the Gods), a sacred site for Indigenous Karen near Mae Sot in Tak province. Detailed ethnographic and interview findings show the resilience of these sacred sites and embedded ritualistic place-making practices that persist despite a legacy of Indigenous displacement. Ethnobotanical findings of 39 sampled taxa in the sacred forest of Kho Pho Lu indicate that cultural and spiritual practices support local biodiversity conservation. Potential biocultural conservation approaches include the adoption of ‘Special Cultural Zones’ to promote Indigenous well-being and the preservation of biocultural diversity in Thailand.

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