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Forest and Society
Published by Universitas Hasanuddin
ISSN : 25494724     EISSN : 25494333     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Environmental Science Social Sciences
Forest and Society is an international and interdisciplinary journal, which publishes peer-reviewed social, political and economic research relating to people, land, and forests. Forest and Society has main geographic focus on Southeast Asia but we do not limit research possibilities that compare between and across regions.
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Articles 208 Documents
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The Role of Local Governments in Supporting Social Forestry Implementation in Indonesia: A Social Network Analysis and Evidence from Eastern Indonesia Rahayu, Sari; Sakuntaladewi, Niken; Sumirat, Bugi Kabul; Widyaningsih, Tri Sulistyati; Yusnikusumah, Tri Rizkiana; Muin, Nurhaedah; Bisjoe, Achmad Rizal Hak
Forest and Society Vol. 8 No. 1 (2024): JUNE
Publisher : Forestry Faculty, Universitas Hasanuddin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24259/fs.v8i1.28524

Abstract

Social forestry has become an integral part of Indonesia's efforts to balance economic development, conservation of natural resources, and the well-being of local communities. The Jokowi administration has made significant efforts to promote this initiative, including allocating 12.7 million hectares of state forest areas and recognizing it as an instrument to address tenure issues in forest areas through the Omnibus Law on Job Creation with getting support from various regulations by relevant ministries. However, social forestry support is needed down to the local government/regional levels (provincial, regency, and village levels). This study aims to analyze the local government’s support for implementing social forestry. We employ Social Network Analysis to identify local government entities and their relationships in implementation processes. Additionally, document analysis is used to assess the extent of local government support through their working documents. The study shows that local government support for the implementation is still limited, with its execution primarily concentrated within a few agencies. Social forestry has not yet fully become a strategy for achieving community well-being around forests, enhancing local economies, or protecting forest resources. Furthermore, stakeholders' understanding of social forestry, resource availability, and local government policies to support it remains limited. Improvements in these three aspects are necessary to ensure successful implementation at the regional levels.
Livelihood Diversity of Rural Communities Without Legal Access to Forest Resources: The Case of Kerinci Seblat National Park in Bengkulu Province Widiono, Septri; Wahyuni, Ekawati Sri; Kolopaking, Lala M.; Satria, Arif
Forest and Society Vol. 8 No. 1 (2024): JUNE
Publisher : Forestry Faculty, Universitas Hasanuddin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24259/fs.v8i1.30947

Abstract

Kerinci Seblat National Park in Bengkulu, Indonesia, was gazetted by the Indonesian government, and its overlaps with forests occupied by most indigenous communities made their farming activities in the area illegal. People were prohibited from accessing and expanding their farming areas in the national park, threatening their livelihoods. The livelihood diversity index (LDI) and livelihood asset index (LAI) were used to explore the livelihood systems of these communities. This study also examines the effect of livelihood assets on livelihood diversity and analyzes livelihood strategy choices using Giddens’ structuration theory. A quantitative survey combined with in-depth interviews was conducted in two villages with different land types: wetlands (rice fields) and drylands (farmlands). This study found that the communities diversified their livelihoods into eight types of livelihood strategies. Almost all livelihood indicators were different, and the differences in livelihood asset indicators affected the LDI. As a process of structuration, communities have diversified their livelihoods into farm (e.g., annual and perennial crops), off-farm (e.g., farm wages), and non-farm (e.g., services and government transfer) activities. Rural households have modified their social and physical structures to secure their livelihoods by optimizing agricultural intensification technologies or by seeking non-agricultural income. Households decide whether to specialize or diversify their livelihoods based on factors such as the area of cultivated land, number of crops cultivated, distance of the farming location from the house, total household income, non-farm income, and reciprocal relationships.
Ethnobotany of the Kombong Agroforestry System and Tongkonan Conservation in the Toraja Tribe, South Sulawesi, Indonesia Millang, Syamsuddin; Yuniati, Eny; Paembonan, Samuel A.; Arty, Budi; Makkasau, Ahmad R.
Forest and Society Vol. 8 No. 1 (2024): JUNE
Publisher : Forestry Faculty, Universitas Hasanuddin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24259/fs.v8i1.31156

Abstract

The Kombong agroforestry system (KAS) has long been practiced and plays an important role in the livelihoods of the Toraja tribe's settlements, in addition to their social, cultural, and environmental sustainability. This research aims to explain the species composition and wood volume, how the utilization of plant species in the KAS has social, cultural, economic, and ecological functions, analyze the plant cultural significance of KAS of the Toraja tribe, the role of KAS for the conservation of Tongkonan Traditional Houses (TTHs) and KAS in preserving the Rambu Tuka' and Rambu Solo’ traditional ceremonies of the Toraja tribe. The research used vegetation survey methods and in-depth interviews with respondents, which were conducted using a set of guidelines for questionnaires. The research results indicate that there are 115 plant species belonging to 49 families. The plant use category is high, with foodstuffs and fruit being the use category with the highest number of species. The index of cultural significance (ICS) of the Toraja tribe varies greatly, from very high categories to those whose use is not yet known. Rice has the highest ICS value, with a score of 130. The KAS and TTHs are closely related and are always found in traditional Toraja settlements. They form a unit that supports each other, and the existence and sustainability of a TTH largely depend on the preservation of the KAS. The KAS has a close connection to both the Rambu Solo' and Rambu Tuka' traditional ceremonies. All plant species needed to build and maintain a TTH and for conducting these two traditional ceremonies are found in the KAS. Thus, the KAS is very important for the Toraja tribe because it not only supports the economic and social aspects of their lives but also functions to protect the environment and traditional culture, including preserving the TTH form and the Rambu Solo' and Rambu Tuka' traditional parties.
Understanding the Safeguarding Role of Forest Resources and Its Determinants During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Insights from Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia Kien, Nguyen Duc; Dinh, Nguyen Cong; An, Le Thanh
Forest and Society Vol. 8 No. 1 (2024): JUNE
Publisher : Forestry Faculty, Universitas Hasanuddin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24259/fs.v8i1.31181

Abstract

Sustainable forest management can play a vital role in building resilient economies and communities that can withstand pandemics, climate change, and other global challenges. Through a comprehensive analysis of local communities surrounding protected areas, we examine the extent of forest reliance for livelihoods and identify key drivers behind changes in forest-resource use during the pre-pandemic in 2019 and post-pandemic in 2022. The study's findings reveal a noteworthy increase in the proportion of land utilized for livelihood activities, especially for production forests, in study sites between 2019 and 2022. Local communities still heavily rely on forest resources for their livelihoods, with a significant increase in household income derived from forest-based activities between 2019 and 2022, approximately 112.1%, 28.7%, and 1.68% for Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos, respectively. Additionally, the study highlights an upsurge in forest dependence during the pandemic period, emphasizing the importance of forests in safeguarding the economies of forest-dependent communities. Findings also shed light on the determinants of forest dependence changes amid the pandemic, including income from forests, poverty status, minority group status, and receipt of COVID-19 relief. These results provide valuable insights into the relationship between forest resources and rural livelihoods for promoting sustainable forest management and safeguarding the well-being of local communities in the face of future challenges.
Plant Diversity, Traditional Utilization, and Community-Based Conservation of the Small-Scale Nong Sakae Community Forest in Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand Saengsanga, Thanakorn; Kaewthani , Sarochinee; Rattana, Tarntip
Forest and Society Vol. 8 No. 1 (2024): JUNE
Publisher : Forestry Faculty, Universitas Hasanuddin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24259/fs.v8i1.31433

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate plant diversity, traditional utilization, and create a web-based application for sustainable community-based utilization management of the small-scale Nong Sakae Community Forest, Dan Chak sub-district, Non Thai district, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand. Our results revealed 29 plant species belonging to 21 genera. Notably, the Fabaceae family dominated the forest and comprised seven species, including two recognized as invasive species. Diversity indices revealed a moderate level of species diversity, with Shannon–Weaver (H’) and Simpson's diversity indices at 1.7844 and 0.6076, respectively. Species richness indices involving Margalef and Menhinick were 4.3805 and 1.1869, respectively, whereas evenness was 0.5414. The most ecologically significant species was Vietnamosasa ciliata A. Camus, which exhibited the highest importance value index (IVI) at 63.4321. Furthermore, the community forest served as a sustenance for the local community for food, medicinal herbs, and timber, emphasizing its significance in supporting their livelihoods. However, this forest has faced encroachment, forest fires, and littering. A web-based mapping system has made forest information more available and understandable, enabling informed decision making and effective forest management. This study offers valuable insights into biodiversity and ecosystem functions in the Nong Sakae Community Forest, emphasizing the need for collaboration and effective policy development in conservation efforts.
Mapping the Demand for Ecosystem Services in Human-Dominated Topical Forest of Sabah, Malaysia Kamlun, Kamlisa Uni; Bürger-Arndt , Renate; Fatah , Fazleen Abdul
Forest and Society Vol. 8 No. 1 (2024): JUNE
Publisher : Forestry Faculty, Universitas Hasanuddin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24259/fs.v8i1.31485

Abstract

Mapping the demand for ecosystem services (ES) is a profoundly debated research topic that needs to be investigated further to overcome spatial discrepancies between supply and demand in the literature. This study proposes a holistic approach to valuing ES, which is demanded by local people living adjacent to Sabah’s protected area in the southwestern part of Sabah, Malaysia. To assess the local people's demand for ecosystem services, we applied the 'ES Matrix Assessment' method. Timber, global climate regulation, recreation, and ecotourism are selected to illustrate the changes in ES demand patterns reported in the Klias Peninsula region. To identify the ES required by local people based on land-cover type, we used a weighted arithmetic mean approach. Then, using multiple regressions, we identified socio-demographic characteristics that influence demand for ES obtained from the Klias Peninsula's tropical forest. The 6-point Likert scale results showed that timber received medium (3) to highly relevant demand (4) among local people in the forest ecosystem, while climate regulation demand was the most highly relevant demand (5) in the forest ecosystem, and recreation and ecotourism are highly demanded in the forest ecosystem and water-based area. Overall, ethnicity, source(s) of income, distance from the protected area, length of residence, and education level have influenced the population's perception of ecosystem service demand in peat swamp forest, mangrove, and forest land, and these factors are statistically significant at the 1% to 5% levels. Our approach possesses the advantage of being intuitively straightforward, making it easy to convey to stakeholders and decision-makers across various ecosystem service (ES) applications. Therefore, our approach, while relatively simple, remains realistic and easy to apply, effectively raising awareness about the utility of the ecosystem services concept for stakeholders and policymakers.
Spatial Patterns of Cumulative Hotspots and Their Relationships with Topographical Factors and Land Use in Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand Sae-ngow, Pornperm; Losiri, Chudech; Sitthi, Asamaporn
Forest and Society Vol. 8 No. 2 (2024): DECEMBER
Publisher : Forestry Faculty, Universitas Hasanuddin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24259/fs.v8i2.32194

Abstract

The clustering of hotspots represents fires occurring at specific locations across various time intervals, and is an increasingly important interdisciplinary research phenomenon. This article investigates the spatial distribution of cumulative hotspots and their relationships with topographical factors and land use in Kanchanaburi province. Data from the Suomi NPP VIIRS system spanning from 2012 to 2021 were utilized for the analysis of Getis-Ord (Gi*) spatial autocorrelation using Fire Radiative Power values. The analysis included the correlation with topographic data such as elevation, slope, aspect, and overlay with land use data. The results reveal that significant hotspots are concentrated in the districts of Si Sawat, Thong Pha Phum, Sai Yok, Sangkhla Buri, and Mueang Kanchanaburi. The majority of hotspots were statistically insignificant (85%), with hotspots (10%) and cold spots (5%) predominantly occurring in forested and agricultural areas. Hotspots were particularly prevalent in the northern and northeastern regions. Therefore, the utilization of Suomi NPP VIIRS data in conjunction with spatial statistics can identify the occurrence of hotspots and cold spots, aiding in planning and policy-making efforts to mitigate hotspot occurrences.
Zero-Burning Policy in Land Preparation: Social Changes and Its Impact on Communities and the Environment Ekawati, Sulistya; Siburian, Robert; Surati, Surati; Nurlia, Ari; Yanarita, Yanarita; Sundary, Letsu Vella
Forest and Society Vol. 8 No. 2 (2024): DECEMBER
Publisher : Forestry Faculty, Universitas Hasanuddin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24259/fs.v8i2.32262

Abstract

In Indonesia, forest and land fires have become an annual occurrence, with devastating effects. Following major fires in 2015, the government implemented policies restricting the use of fire in land preparation. This policy has affected the livelihoods of traditional farmers who still use fire for land clearing. The research aims to analyze the social changes that have occurred among traditional farmers as a result of the policy to ban burning in land preparation, and to assess its impact. The study was undertaken in Pulang Pisau Regency (Central Kalimantan) and Ogan Komering Ilir Regency (South Sumatera). Findings reveal two types of social transformation processes, namely, changes in agricultural commodities and changes in livelihoods. In general, fire policy restrictions in land preparation improved peatland ecosystems, but has had a detrimental impact on some rural communities living around peatlands. To anticipate these effects, the government promoted no-burn land preparation techniques and initiated a new paddy field construction scheme. However, both were less successful due to local resistance for their unsuitability in the local context.
Unraveling Factors Influencing Local Willingness to Participate in Sustainable Komodo Conservation and Protected Area Tourism Sianipar, Imelda Masni Juniaty; Lee, Chun-Hung; Wang, Hurng-Jyuhn; Kim, Doo-Chul; Suryawan, I Wayan Koko
Forest and Society Vol. 8 No. 2 (2024): DECEMBER
Publisher : Forestry Faculty, Universitas Hasanuddin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24259/fs.v8i2.32880

Abstract

Komodo National Park is at the forefront of balancing environmental conservation with the challenges and opportunities of sustainable tourism. This research delves into the attitudes and engagement levels of the local communities within Komodo's distinctive ecological context, aiming to unravel the factors that drive or hinder their involvement in sustainable tourism and conservation activities. Through Exploratory Factor Analysis, we distilled key influences on community engagement, followed by a K-Mean Cluster Analysis to segment the community by their involvement levels. Logistic Regression was then employed to explore the likelihood of continued participation in these initiatives. The analysis identified three primary factors affecting community participation: the degree of involvement in sustainable tourism activities, the extent of community and environmental involvement, and the level of awareness regarding tourism development policies. The Cluster Analysis illuminated diverse engagement patterns across demographic lines, revealing how differences in settlement type, income levels, marital status, gender, and age contribute to varied participation rates. Interestingly, the logistic regression pointed to a paradox where higher engagement in sustainable tourism correlates with a lower probability of future participation, hinting at possible sustainability fatigue among highly active community members. These intricate dynamics of community engagement in sustainable tourism within Komodo National Park, highlight the importance of tailored, demographic-specific approaches to foster inclusive participation in conservation efforts. The insights gained underscore the complexity of promoting sustainable tourism in sensitive ecological areas and offer critical recommendations for policymakers and conservation stakeholders aiming to enhance sustainable development in Komodo and similar settings globally.
Revealing the Multilevel Actors Power Network in Mangrove Forest Governance - Insights from the Sundarbans, Bangladesh Khan, Md Faisal Abedin Khan; Rahman, Md Saifur; Maryudi, Ahmad; Schusser, Carsten; Giessen, Lukas
Forest and Society Vol. 8 No. 2 (2024): DECEMBER
Publisher : Forestry Faculty, Universitas Hasanuddin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24259/fs.v8i2.32924

Abstract

Having diversified ecological and socio-economic function of the Sundarbans Mangrove Forests (SMF), its governance significantly relies on the power relations among multidisciplinary actors present at the multiple level of jurisdictions from national to local level. The analysis elicits the identification of actors and the extraction of their interrelationships based on different power resources, which frame power interaction of the multilevel mangrove governance for the SMF of Bangladesh. Actors were identified by snowball approach and then qualitative interviews to them were carried out. A web-based mapping tool was used for extracting social network analysis of multilevel power relations for the Sundarbans’ governance. The revealed power network indicated that the national level state actors (e.g., actors from government and administration category) were driving all sorts of power sources; coercion, dominant information and (dis-)incentives over the actors at local level emphasizing cross-cutting policy issues and multifunction of the mangroves. The local level non-state actors’ (mostly NGOs) proactive and participatory approaches delineated as bridging role in mangrove governance between national level state actors and local level user actors based on coercive, (dis-)incentives and dominant information power elements. The actors at the local level user category didn’t show any substantial effects on policy decisions. To analyse the effects of policy implementation and growing competitiveness on the ground, in regard of subsidies amongst the different actor groups further research is needed.

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