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INDONESIA
JURNAL AGRICA
Published by Universitas Medan Area
ISSN : 19798164     EISSN : 2541593x     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
AGRICA Journal of Agribusiness Agriculture which aims to container for researchers in the field of agribusiness agriculture to publish the results of research. Coverage of AGRICA includes agricultural economics, agricultural policy, marketing and banking, agribusiness entrepreneurship. AGRICA Journal of Agricultural Agribusiness is published by Magister Agribisnis Universitas Medan Area, Indonesia.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 428 Documents
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Economic Analysis of The Utilization of Palm Kernel Shell Waste As An Alternative Fuel For Coal Substitution in Power Plants Nasution, Wahyu Isnanda; Jamilah; Eva Wardah; Setia Budi; Zuriani; Riani
JURNAL AGRICA Vol. 19 No. 1 (2026): JURNAL AGRICA
Publisher : Universitas Medan Area

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31289/agrica.v19i1.17580

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the potential utilization of palm kernel shell waste as an alternative fuel to replace coal in steam power plants. The method used is a literature study with a descriptive and comparative approach based on various previous studies. The analysis was conducted by comparing energy characteristics through calorific value, electricity generation capability represented by the energy ratio, and economic aspects reflected in fuel prices and energy costs.The results show that palm kernel shells have an average calorific value of approximately 4,300 kcal/kg, which is relatively close to medium-grade coal with an average value of around 5,000 kcal/kg. In terms of electricity generation capability, the energy ratio of palm kernel shells ranges from 0.935 to 1.160 MW/ton, while coal ranges from 1.158 to 1.724 MW/ton. Although coal demonstrates relatively higher energy efficiency, palm kernel shells exhibit a significant economic advantage due to their lower fuel price, resulting in energy costs of approximately IDR 906,000–925,000 per MW, compared to coal which ranges from IDR 1,434,000–1,456,000 per MW. Therefore, palm kernel shells have strong potential as an alternative fuel that is technically feasible and more economically efficient, particularly in regions with abundant availability of palm oil waste.
A Analysis of Logistics Cost Structure in The Clove Supply Chain in Wonosalam District Jombang Recency Nasywa Aulia Wijaya; Taufik Setyadi; Dita Atasa
JURNAL AGRICA Vol. 19 No. 1 (2026): JURNAL AGRICA
Publisher : Universitas Medan Area

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31289/agrica.v19i1.17593

Abstract

Cloves are a strategic plantation commodity that plays an important role in the economy of farmers and downstream industries. However, high logistics costs and long supply chains have the potential to reduce the profits received by farmers. This study aims to analyze the supply chain flow, logistics cost structure, and profit distribution in the clove supply chain in Wonosalam District, Jombang Regency. The research method uses a quantitative descriptive approach with the application of Activity-Based Costing (ABC). Data were obtained from 30 farmers, 6 collectors, and 3 wholesalers through interviews and field observations. The results show that logistics costs at the farmer tier are dominated by material handling activities at 82.03%, while at the collector and wholesaler tiers, they are dominated by procurement at 99.36% and 99.43%, respectively. Profit distribution in the supply chain is uneven, with farmers selling cloves at Rp105,800/kg, while wholesalers earn the highest marketing margin of Rp11,000/kg. The farmer's share value of 85.81% shows that although the supply chain is relatively efficient, the burden of logistics costs is still concentrated at the farmer level. Therefore, logistics efficiency strategies and government policy support are needed to improve the sustainability of the clove supply chain
Determinansi Komponen Permintaan Agregat terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Regional dan Stabilitas Ekosistem Agribisnis di Kabupaten Deli Serdang: Indonesia Sakral Puarada; Riris Nadia Syafrilia Gurning; Muhammad Authar ND
JURNAL AGRICA Vol. 19 No. 1 (2026): JURNAL AGRICA
Publisher : Universitas Medan Area

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31289/agrica.v19i1.17627

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the dynamics of regional economic growth based on expenditure components and their implications for agribusiness development in Deli Serdang Regency. The study uses a descriptive quantitative approach with simple time series data analysis based on quarterly GRDP data for 2025 sourced from the Central Statistics Agency. The variables analyzed include household consumption, government consumption, gross fixed capital formation (PMTB), and economic growth (GRDP). The results show that Deli Serdang Regency's economic growth is fluctuating with a contraction pattern in the first quarter (-2.84%), recovery in the second-third quarters (1.85% and 2.57%), and stabilization in the fourth quarter (1.19%). Household consumption has proven to be a relatively stable component in supporting economic growth, while government consumption and investment show significant fluctuations. Investment plays a crucial role in driving economic recovery, while government spending has not been fully effective in increasing sustainable economic growth. From an agribusiness perspective, consumption stability reflects consistent demand for food products, while fluctuations in investment and government spending indicate the need to strengthen policies that support sustainable agribusiness development. This study recommends optimizing productive investment and increasing the effectiveness of government spending to strengthen the agribusiness system and regional economic stability.
Observasi Unsur Cuaca Terhadap Morfologi Buah Tanaman Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq) Di Dataran Tinggi Eros Anggara Lubis; Hari Gunawan
JURNAL AGRICA Vol. 19 No. 1 (2026): JURNAL AGRICA
Publisher : Universitas Medan Area

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31289/agrica.v19i1.17638

Abstract

This study aims to conduct in-depth observations on how the morphological characteristics of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) fruit growing in highland ecosystems are influenced by weather factors. This study was conducted at the Bah Birung Ulu Plantation in North Sumatra, at an altitude of between 660 and 1,100 meters above sea level (masl). This study used an observational descriptive approach by conducting direct observations of three productive sample trees in Afdeling 3. Weather elements (daily temperature, rainfall, and humidity) and fruit morphology (mesocarp, endocarp, and kernel thickness, as well as fruit set). The results showed that the average temperature at the location ranged between 20.4°C and 22.7°C, which is far below the optimal standard for oil palm growth, which is 24-28°C. With high air humidity of 83–89% and annual rainfall of 3,591 mm, the physical dimensions of the fruit were less than optimal. The measurement results showed that the average mesocarp thickness was only 13.56 mm to 14.76 mm, indicating that low temperatures in the highlands slow down fruit flesh metabolism and oil biosynthesis processes. However, a fruit set value of 81% was found in all sample trees, indicating that the pollination process was still running well above the 75% threshold.[li1.1][h1.2] This study found that extreme low temperatures and high humidity physically limit fruit morphological development but do not significantly reduce the pollination success of bunches.
Pengaruh Disiplin Kerja dan Usia Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pemanen di Afdeling 1 PT Perkebunan Nusantara IV Regional II Kebun Tinjowan Ryan Darmawan Dalimunthe; Hamzah Manurung
JURNAL AGRICA Vol. 19 No. 1 (2026): JURNAL AGRICA
Publisher : Universitas Medan Area

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31289/agrica.v19i1.17641

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the influence of work discipline and age on the performance of harvesters at Afdeling 1 of PT Perkebunan Nusantara IV Regional II Tinjowan Plantation. The method used was quantitative descriptive, with a population of 21 harvesters, all of whom were included in the sample using a saturated sampling technique. Data were collected through a questionnaire using a Likert scale, observation, and documentation, then analyzed using multiple linear regression with the aid of SPSS version 25. The results indicate that, simultaneously, work discipline and age have a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Partially, work discipline significantly affects performance, while age also significantly affects performance. The results of the coefficient of determination analysis indicate that work discipline and age account for 49% of employee performance, while the remainder is influenced by other factors outside the scope of this study. Thus, improving work discipline and managing the workforce based on productive age can enhance the performance of harvesters.
Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja Dan Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pemanen Di Kebun Tinjowan Regional II PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IV M. Tegar Maulana; Junaidi
JURNAL AGRICA Vol. 19 No. 1 (2026): JURNAL AGRICA
Publisher : Universitas Medan Area

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31289/agrica.v19i1.17654

Abstract

The plantation industry, as part of the agribusiness sector, plays a vital role in boosting the economy, particularly in the supply of raw materials and the creation of jobs.. Therefore, workplace factors not only affect employee comfort but also influence the company’s overall performance, including the achievement of production targets and business profits. This study was conducted at the Tinjowan Regional II Plantation of PT Perkebunan Nusantara IV.The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the work environment and work discipline on the performance of harvesters. This study employs a quantitative descriptive approach using Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling, with the sample size determined according to Isaac and Michael at a 10% margin of error, comprising 108 respondents at the Tinjowan Plantation. Data analysis includes validity and reliability tests, classical assumption tests, and multiple linear regression analysis. Based on the research results, the partial analysis indicates that the Work Environment (X1) does not have a significant effect on employee performance (Y). Meanwhile, the Work Discipline variable (X2) shows a significant effect on the employee performance variable (Y). Meanwhile, the simultaneous test indicates that both variables together (simultaneously) have a significant effect on employee performance (Y).
OBSERVASI POPULASI SERANGGA PENYERBUK KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeidobius kamerunicus Faust) PADA KETINGGIAN TEMPAT YANG BERBEDA Simarmata, Muhammad Arif Fakhri; Gunawan, Hari
JURNAL AGRICA Vol. 19 No. 1 (2026): JURNAL AGRICA
Publisher : Universitas Medan Area

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31289/agrica.v19i1.17661

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the population of the pollinator insect Elaeidobius kamerunicus Faust at different altitudes, the factors influencing it, and its relationship to oil palm fruit set. The study was conducted at two locations with different altitudes: 12 meters above sea level (Tanah Itam Ulu Plantation) and 715 meters above sea level (Bah Birung Ulu Plantation), from September to November 2025. The method used was descriptive quantitative, with primary data collected through direct observation of the insect population on anthesis male flowers, and secondary data collected from weather factors (temperature, humidity, and rainfall). The results showed that the population of E. kamerunicus per hectare was higher at 12 meters above sea level, at 119,262 individuals/ha, compared to 70,692 individuals/ha at 715 meters above sea level. This difference was influenced by environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and rainfall, as well as biotic factors such as the number of male flowers blooming and the number of spikelets per bunch. Environmental conditions at lower elevations, with higher temperatures (31°C), lower humidity (79%), and lower rainfall, favor the activity and development of pollinating insect populations. Conversely, at higher elevations, with lower temperatures (22.1°C), high humidity (85%), and high rainfall, insect activity tends to be inhibited. Fruit set rates also showed a difference, reaching 87% at 12 meters above sea level and 79% at 715 meters above sea level. This indicates that the E. kamerunicus population influences the success of pollination and fruit set in oil palms. The higher the pollinating insect population, the higher the fruit set rate.
Identifikasi Ganoderma Kelapa Sawit Sebelum dan Sesudah Pembumbunan di Kebun TIU PTPN IV Regional II Sultan Rizki Subhandri Chaniago; Sulthon Parinduri
JURNAL AGRICA Vol. 19 No. 1 (2026): JURNAL AGRICA
Publisher : Universitas Medan Area

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31289/agrica.v19i1.17687

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to identify basal stem rot disease in oil palm plants caused by Ganoderma boninense and to evaluate the effectiveness of the hilling method at the Tanah Itam Ulu Plantation of PTPN IV Regional II. This is due to the fact that oil palm is a strategic commodity that is highly susceptible to pathogen attacks, especially Ganoderma, which causes decreased productivity and plant mortality. The method used was descriptive analysis based on tree inventory data in blocks (09R and 09S) without hilling and with hilling (09X and 09Y) during the period 2020–2025. This data was obtained through observation, interviews, and field censuses. The results showed that the overall plant population in the blocks decreased annually. This decline was caused by various factors, including disease, plant age, and environmental conditions. However, the rate of decline in the blocks treated with hilling was lower than in the untreated blocks. Hilling has been shown to improve plant stability by forming new roots and increasing the efficiency of water and nutrient absorption. However, this method has not been able to completely halt the disease's progression. To increase the effectiveness of Ganoderma control on a sustainable basis, hilling is recommended as part of an integrated control approach combined with biological agents, orchard sanitation, and early detection.

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