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TAHKIM
Published by Institut Agama Islam Negeri Ambon
ISSN : 18580734     EISSN : 26545357     DOI : 10.33477/thk
Core Subject : Economy, Humanities, Art, Social,
Arts Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 296 Documents
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WALI MUJBIR DALAM PERSPEKTIF PEMIKIRAN KH. HUSEIN MUHAMMAD Khoiri, Miftakhul
TAHKIM Vol. 20 No. 1 (2024): TAHKIM
Publisher : IAIN Ambon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33477/thk.v20i1.3466

Abstract

The Koran's comments regarding marriage are explicit in many verses. There are around 104 verses, including the vocabulary of marriage which is repeated 23 times and the word zauwj which is repeated 80 times. An in-depth review of all the marriage scriptures lays out the five principles of marriage. First, the principle of mawadah wa rahmah. Second, the principle of monogamy. Third, the principle of mu'āsyarah bil-ma'rūf (polite communication). Fourth, the principle of mutual enhancement and protection in interpersonal relationships and sexuality. Fifth, the principle of determining partners for prospective brides and grooms. Society believes that women do not have full rights in matters of marriage, so choosing a partner must be left to their parents. Selection of a partner as one of the principles of marriage often conflicts with the right of ijbar held by the guardian. This ultimately became the focus in Islam, a woman's right to decide on a partner is the sole right of her parents, not the right to decide on a partner. The claim that has developed so far is that mujbir guardians are parents who claim that their children were married off by their parents' choice, or better known as "forced marriage". This paper aims to analyze the use of KH Husein Muhammad's socio-historical approach in the form of the mashlahah concept in Fiqh/Usul Fiqh with the aim of reaching a middle point between the differences. Keywords: marriage, guardian mujbir, legal istbat
TINJAUAN SOSIOLOGI HUKUM TERHADAP SESERAHAN ADAT MASYARAKAT LAMPUNG ulandari, febriyana latika; Rodiah, Efa
TAHKIM Vol. 20 No. 1 (2024): TAHKIM
Publisher : IAIN Ambon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33477/thk.v20i1.3695

Abstract

Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui seserahan adat masyarakat Lampung dalam tinjauan sosiologi hukum dan akan mengungkapkan beberapa konsep seserahan adat Lampung yang terjadi dalam lingkungan masyarakat yang sudah menjadi kebiasaan hingga saat ini dalam hukum Islam dan sosiologi hukum. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kepustakaan (library research) atau kualitatif, pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan normative. Hasil penelitian ini adalah seserahan yaitu memberikan seserahan kepada mempelai wanita untuk dibelikan perabotan rumah tangga yang akan dibawa ketika prosesi upacara perkawinan   yang mana biaya pembelian barang tersebut dari uang yang diberikan oleh pihak pria di mana dalam penentuannya pihak keluarga wanita yang menentukan sesuai kemampuan pria dan mayoritas kebanyakan berdasarkan kelas sosial atau dengan istilah lain pemberian seserahan diberikan oleh orang tua atau kerabat dari mempelai wanita  pemberiannya bisa ditangguhkan atau dijanjikan oleh kerabat dari mempelai wanita ketika berlangsungnya upacara perkawinan. Tinjauan sosiologi hukum masyarakat lampung terbiasa dengan konsep seserahan ini, dan apabila ada yang tidak sesuai adat maka tidak ada sanksi sosial dalam masyarakat, namun masyarakat akan memperbincangkan hal tersebut. Maka dari itu carilah pasangan yang kafa’ah agar tidak ada kesenjangan sosialKata Kunci : Sosiologi Hukum, SeserahanAbstract : The purpose of this research is to find out the traditional heritage of the Lampung community in a sociological review of law and to reveal some of the concepts of Lampung's customary inheritance that occur in the community which has become a habit to date in Islamic law and legal sociology. This study uses the method of literature (library research) or qualitative, the approach used is a normative approach. The results of this study are gifts, namely giving offerings to the bride to buy household furniture to be brought during the wedding ceremony procession where the cost of purchasing these items is from the money given by the man where in determining the woman's family determines according to the ability of the man and the majority mostly based on social class or in other terms the gift is given by the parents or relatives of the bride, the gift can be postponed or promised by the relatives of the bride during the wedding ceremony. Sociological review of law, the people of Lampung are used to this concept of surrender, and if something is not according to custom, there will be no social sanctions in society, but the community will discuss it. Therefore, look for a partner who is kafa'ah so that there is no social gap. Keyword : Legal Sociology, Delivery Money 
PEMBAHARUAN USHUL FIQH: STUDI PEMIKIRAN NU’MAN JAGHIEM Faozan, Ahmad; Hamidah, Tutik
TAHKIM Vol. 20 No. 1 (2024): TAHKIM
Publisher : IAIN Ambon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33477/thk.v20i1.3826

Abstract

AbstractThe renewal of ushul fiqh has become one of the factual topics in the study of modern Islamic treasures. The demands of the progress of the times and the increasingly complex problems in Muslim society today require a new answer to the problems that arise. Even so, efforts to renew the discipline of Ushul Fiqh can be carried out if the public is aware of the phenomenon of stagnation of traditional fiqh, that ushul fiqh can be renewed. It is this strong will and awareness that can actually be built if people realize the need for reform of religious thought and practice it on a large scale. There have been many Muslim scholars who have proposed renewal in the discipline of ushul fiqh, which is solely for one purpose, namely; shows that religion can be used to solve everyday problems. Nu'man Djahiem, is a figure from Malaysia who deserves appreciation in the field of renewal of Ushul Fiqh. Brilliant ideas and practical solutions seem to have entered the paradigm of Indonesian Islamic thought, especially the reformation paradigm of ushul fiqh which is still stagnant.Nu'man Djaheim has the same view, regarding the reformulation of Ushul fiqh that has been produced by the previous ulama'. So that Usul fiqh can be more developed and adaptive to various new problems. Nu'man Djahiem's renewal offer, namely:i'ādah ṣiyāghatihi bi uslūb manhaji, formulating fiqh proposals as a method or tool that is always used. Second, Ar-rabṭ bayna qaḍāya 'ilm al-uṣūl wa 'ilm uṣūl al-qānūn. Linking and integrating the science of usul fiqh with the science of legislation. Third, Istifādah min 'ulūm al-'aql allati tajarradat wa taṭawwara. Making this renewal according to the character of the science of ushul fiqh is appropriate.Keyword: Ushul Fiqh, Nu’man Djaghiem, Pembaruan AbstrakPembaharuan ushul fiqh menjadi salah topik faktual dalam kajian khazanah Islam modern. Tuntutan kemajuan zaman dan semakin kompleknya persoalan ditengah masyarakat muslim dewasa ini membutuhkan sebuah jawaban baru atas persoalan yang muncul. Meskipun demikian upaya pembaharuan dalam disiplin ilmu Ushul Fiqh ini dapat dilakukan jika masyarakat menyadari fenomena stagnasi fiqh tradisional, ushul fiqh dapat diperbaharui. Kemauan kuat dan adanya kesadaran inilah yang sesungguhnya dapat dibangun jika masyarakat menyadari perlunya reformasi pemikiran keagamaan dan mempraktekkannya secara besar-besaran. Sudah banyak sarjana muslim yang mengusulkan pembaharuan dalam disiplin ilmu ushul fiqh, yang semata-mata untuk satu tujuan yaitu; menunjukkan bahwa agama dapat digunakan untuk memecahkan masalah sehari-hari. Nu’man Djahiem, adalah tokoh dari Malaysia yang patut mendapatkan apresiasi dalam bidang pembaharuan Ushul Fiqh. Ide-ide cemerlang dan solusi praktisnya tampaknya telah memasuki paradigma pemikiran Islam Indonesia, khususnya paradigma reformasi ushul fiqh yang masih stagnan.Nu’man Djaheim ini  memiliki pandangan yang sama, tentang bagaimana reformulasi Ushul fiqh yang telah dihasilkan oleh ulama’ sebelumnya. Sehingga Ushul fiqh bisa lebih berkembang dan adaptif terhadap berbagai permasalah baru. tawaran pembaharuan Nu’man Djahiem, yakni: i’ādah ṣiyāghatihi bi uslūb manhaji, memformulasikan usul fikih sebagai metode atau perangkat yang selalu digunakan. Kedua, Ar-rabṭ bayna qaḍāya ‘ilm al-uṣūl wa ‘ilm uṣūl al-qānūn. Mengaitkan dan memadukan antara ilmu usul fikih dengan ilmu perundang-undangan. Ketiga, Istifādah min ‘ulūm al-‘aql allati tajarradat wa taṭawwara . Menjadikan pembaharuan ini sesuai karakter ilmu ushul fiqh sesuai.Keyword: Ushul Fiqh, Nu’man Djaghiem, Pembaruan
HUKUM ABORSI BAGI JANIN CACAT GENETIK DALAM PRESPEKTIF FIQIH KONTEMPORER Rumadan, Salmi Wati
TAHKIM Vol. 19 No. 2 (2023): TAHKIM
Publisher : IAIN Ambon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33477/thk.v19i2.4289

Abstract

Abortion is one of the reproductive health issues that receives very serious attention, and is both emotionally draining. Various circles have discussed it in the frame of endless debates and dissents. Abortion is a problem that has always been considered very danceable to be discussed, related to the many abosrsi that women do cause many problems among society and in religious views, especially islam itself. But what if the aborais that do as upayah protect the interests of the mother and the fetus is then Islam allows it by performing an abortion . This research will discuss the Law of Abortion for genetically handicapped jani in the perspective of Contemporary Fiqh . The existence of abortion often gives rise to many different paradigms that can be legalized or illegal . . The diversity of views on the lebality of abortion is the reality of normative discourse that is proclaimed by various groups to answer the problems that arise in society .  The point of " upright " and the polarization of this difference of view is the extreme difference to the right to life of the fetus / embryo or the defense of the interests of the woman who conceives .Keybort : Abortion, Genetic Defects, Contemporary Fiqh
URGENSI SIDANG PRANIKAH SEBAGAI UPAYA PEMBENTUKAN PROFESIONALITAS ANGGOTA POLRI: STUDI KASUS DI POLRES SERAM BAGIAN BARAT Narahaubun, Muhammad Ikhsan; Jamaa, La; Kabakoran, Abu Bakar
TAHKIM Vol. 19 No. 2 (2023): TAHKIM
Publisher : IAIN Ambon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33477/thk.v19i2.4830

Abstract

The purpose of this thesis research is to find out how the study according to the law regarding the Premarital Trial, then the premarital hearing procedure at the West Seram Police Station, and the relation between the Premarital Trial and the professionalism of the Police in building precision. The research methodology used is qualitative research. This research is also a type of field research with an analytical descriptive approach. This thesis succeeded in photographing the relationship between the marriage law and regulations within the police, namely regulation number 9 of 2010 which was later refined by regulation number 6 of 2018, that the prenuptial trial is not contradictory because in KUA there is also premarital coaching even though it has similarities but material reinforcement is different. Meanwhile, the pre-marriage trial procedure is in accordance with rule number 9 of 2010 which must be completed with requirements for every prospective bride of the police station. Departing from this process, the relationship between pre-marital hearings and professionalism can be achieved. Because the material of the premarital hearing in principle strengthens every member of the police is able to take full responsibility both for his institution and family.Keywords: Premarital Trial, household, professionalism.
Restoratif Justice sebagai Perwujudan Keadilan dalam Prespektif Teori Kemaslahatan (Maqashid Al-Syari'ah) Mikroj, Mohamad; Djumhur, Adang
TAHKIM Vol. 19 No. 2 (2023): TAHKIM
Publisher : IAIN Ambon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33477/thk.v19i2.5164

Abstract

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to find out the development of national law in resolving criminal cases for law enforcement officials, both police and prosecutors, and prefer not to prolong the case process and instead invite victims and perpetrators of crimes to resolve them through non-litigation, namely deliberation. The research method used in this study is a qualitative method with data collection techniques through library research. The results of the findings of this study, namely, first, the emergence of restorative justice with the existence of a theory of retributive or retaliation in criminal law according to some experts argues that the theory of retaliation is basically not very successful in suppressing the occurrence of crimes and even worse is unable to repair the losses suffered by victims. Second, the settlement of criminal acts through a restorative approach in terms of benefit theory can be said that a conflict or damage arising from a crime is a conflict. And third, the development of criminal law in solving non-litigation issues is also known as the penal mediation system. The application of criminal law practice, penal mediation is considered a derivative of restorative justice, because there is no need to carry out criminal law through the courts. Keywords: Restorative Justice, Justice and Criminal Law. AbstrakTujuan dalam kajian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui perkembangan hukum nasional dalam menyelesaikan perkara pidana bagi aparat penegak hukum baik polisi maupun Jaksa, dan lebih memilih untuk tidak memperpanjang proses perkara dan justru mengundang korban serta pelaku kejahatan untuk menyelesaikannya melalui non litigasi yaitu musyawarah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam kajian yaitu metode kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui studi kepustakaan. Hasil dari temuan kajian ini, yaitu pertama, kemunculan restorative justice dengan keberadaan teori retributive atau pembalasan dalam hukum pidana menurut beberapa ahli berpendapat bahwa teori pembalasan pada dasarnya kurang begitu berhasil dalam menekan terjadinya kejahatan dan lebih parah lagi tidak mampu memperbaiki kerugian yang diderita korban. Kedua, penyelesaian tindak pidana melalui pendekatan restoratif ditinjau dari teori kemaslahatan dapat dikatakan bahwa suatu konflik atau kerusakan yang timbul akibat tindak pidana sebagai suatu konflik. Dan ketiga, perkembangan hukum pidana dalam penyelesaiaan permasalahan non-litigasi dikenal pula dengan sistem mediasi penal. Penerapan praktek hukum pidana, mediasi penal dianggap sebagai turunan dari restorative justice, karena tidak perlu menjalankan hukum pidana melalui pengadilan.                                                                  Kata Kunci: Restoratif Justice, Keadilan, dan Hukum Pidana.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM HAK CIPTA TERHADAP PEMBAJAKAN BUKU PADA MEDIA MASSA ONLINE DAN OFFLINE rezkia zahara lubis, Yusriyyah Sinambela Emiel Salim Siregar
TAHKIM Vol. 19 No. 2 (2023): TAHKIM
Publisher : IAIN Ambon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33477/thk.v19i2.5630

Abstract

Hak Kekayaan Intelektual adalah hak yang diperoleh dari hasil kreatifitas manusia sehingga mendapatkan keuntungan berupa royalti sebagai bentuk apresiasi pada penulis atau pencipta suatu karya. Salah satu macam dari HKI adalah hak cipta yaitu termasuk benda yang bergerak tapi tak bertubuh, tujuannya untuk melindungi ciptaan yang diciptakan oleh pencipta.Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian normatif dan penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif. Sumber data yang di ambil berupa bahan primer, sekunder, dan tersier. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah studi kepustakaan dan data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara kualitatif.Adapun kesimpulannya adalah Perlindungan hukum HKI dalam peraturan Undang-Undang dan Keputusan Presiden adalah, sebagai berikut: Undang-Undang Nomor 7 tahun 1994 tentang pengesahan Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization, Undang-Undang Nomor 10 tahun 1995 tentang Kepabeaan. Undang-Undang Nomor 12 tahun 1997 tentang Hak Cipta. Undang-Undang 14 tahun 1997 tentang Hak Merek. Undang-Undang 13 tahun 1997 tentang Hak Paten. Keputusan Presiden RI Nomor 15 tahun 1997 tentang Pengesahan Paris Convention For The Protection of Industrial Property dan Convention Estabilishing the World Intellectual Property Organization. Keputusan Presiden RI Nomor 17 tahun 1997 tentang Pengesahan Trademark Law Treaty. Keputusan Presiden RI Nomor 18 tahun 1997 tentang pengesahan Berne Convention for the protection of literacy and aristic works. Perlindungan hukum hak cipta terhadap sistem hukum Hak Kekayaan Intelektual launching sejak dekade 80-an dengan diberlakukannya Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 1982 tentang Hak  Cipta yang kemudian berturut-turut diamandemen dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1987 dan Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 1997 sampai dengan diberlakukannya Undang-Undang Hak Cipta yang terbaru yaitu Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2002 yang berlaku efektif pada tanggal 23 Juli 2003. Karena tak mampu lagi bersaing tingkat Internasional, sebelumnya Nasional berlomba-lomba telah memberikan karya terbaiknya. Diganti dengan Undang-Undang terbaru yaitu Undang-Undang Nomor 28 tahun 2014 tentang Hak Cipta.
Optimization of Tudang Sipulung Culture in Family Conflict Resolution: Maintaining Marriage Harmony in Bugis Community Fikri, Fikri
TAHKIM Vol. 19 No. 2 (2023): TAHKIM
Publisher : IAIN Ambon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33477/thk.v19i2.5633

Abstract

Kajian bertujuan untuk mengkaji tentang optimalisasi tudang sipulung dalam penyelesaian konflik keluarga sebagai upaya merawat harmonisasi perkawinan dalam masyarakat Bugis. Metode penelitian adalah kualitatif deskriptif, dengan pendekatan hukum emperis. Lokasi kajian dilaksanakan pada praktik tudang sipulung di Kota Parepare sebagai salah satu lokasi yang didiami oleh masyarakat Bugis saat menyelesaikan konflik keluarga. Sumber data utama dari informan beberapa budayawan yang memiliki wawasan luas terkait dengan budaya tudang sipulung, sedangkan data pendukung dari sejumlah artikel jurnal yang relevan dengan kajian. Analisis data dengan teori konflik, teori al-islah hukum Islam, applied theory adalah keadilan gender dan teori sibaliperri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kearifan budaya tudang sipulung dalam masyarakat Bugis pentingnya mengedapankan konsiliasi melalui konsensus bersama seluruh unsur keluarga dalam menemukan solusi konflik keluarga. Konteks sosial dalam masyarakat Bugis mencerminkan kompleksitas dinamika sosial, sehingga diperlukan penerapan al-islah dalam hukum Islam dan kearifan budaya sibaliperri. Optimalisasi tudang sipulung pada masyarakat Bugis dipercaya sebagai salah satu sistem yang dinilai paling efektif untuk menjaga keharmonisan perkawinan terutama menyelesaikan konflik keluarga dari pasangan suami istri agar rumah tangga lebih awet dan resisten.
ANALISIS SENGKETA HAK ATAS TANAH ULAYAT DI TEMPAT WISATA NEGERI LIANG PERSPEKTIF SOSIOLOGI HUKUM Lessy, Rauda; Kabakoran, Abubakar; Tuharea, Ismela
TAHKIM Vol. 19 No. 2 (2023): TAHKIM
Publisher : IAIN Ambon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33477/thk.v19i2.5652

Abstract

A conflict or dispute is something that causes a difference of opinion between two or more parties who are disputing a case in court, a social problem that arises because there are differences of opinion or views that occur within the community, and rights, namely ownership and authority according to the law of ulayat land, namely land shared by the people. members of the customary law community concerned. The process of land ownership in the Liang country mostly comes from inheritance from parents and also from the results of buying and selling land, but there are also those who get empty land that is known to have no owner and then use it as their ownership right (parusa). The resolution of conflicts over customary land rights in Liang country tourist attractions is to restore socio-cultural harmony. Liang is a coastal country with a wide expanse of flat land with an average height of 8 meters above sea level. This country is the country with the lowest average altitude in Salahuhtu District. Liang community settlements are on the northeast coast of Ambon Island.Land is an important aspect in human life, land never increases, it can only be moved according to our collective wishes, on the other hand, humans as the most dominant land users always increase at all times.Customary rights are the authority that according to customary law is held by customary law communities over certain areas which constitute the living environment of their residents to take advantage of natural resources including land within the territory. As a result of disputes in the land sector, they can lead to prolonged conflicts between members of the disputing community, even to their heirs, which can cause many victims.
KONTRUKSI IJTIHAD MUHAMMADIYAH MENGENAI PROBLEM KONTEMPORER KOTA AMBON Laisouw, Yusup
TAHKIM Vol. 19 No. 2 (2023): TAHKIM
Publisher : IAIN Ambon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33477/thk.v19i2.5653

Abstract

As a reformist or reformer movement, Muhammadiyah has an agenda to create a new, modern and rational Muslim society, or in Ahmad Dahlan's language it is called a progressive Muslim society. This expression contains a signal of the emergence of a new society, including women who are different from the existing figures. There were three contested gender constructions in the early days of Muhammadiyah's founding, namely colonial, priyayi, and merchants with urban santri backgrounds. These three constructions have an influence, both absorbed (received) and neglected (abandoned), on Muhammadiyah's gender construction process. The women's movement in the Muhammadiyah organization is now continuing to spread to all regions in Indonesia. Not only is it growing rapidly in the western region, the women's movement in this organization has also spread to the eastern region of Indonesia, namely in Maluku Province, especially in Ambon City. This can be seen from the participation of Muhammadiyah figures in Ambon City in efforts to empower women through semi-autonomous Muhammadiyah institutions namely 'Aisyiah and Naisyiatul Aisyiah. Muhammadiyah pluralism is Muhammadiyah which is a place of interaction between various groups who respect each other. Muhammadiyah is open and accepts differences as sunnatullah.

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