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TSAQAFAH
Published by Universitas Darussalam Gontor
ISSN : 14110334     EISSN : 24600008     DOI : -
Core Subject : Economy, Education, Social,
Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences
TSAQAFAH (pISSN: 1411-0334 | eISSN: 2460-0008) is journal of Islamic civilization published by University of Darussalam Gontor. It is semiannual journal published in May and November for the developing the scientific ethos. Editors accept scientific articles and result of research in accordance with its nature as a journal of Islamic Civilization, such as: Islamic Philosophy, Islam and Contemporary Issues, Religious Studies, Islamic Science, Islamic Economics, Islamic education, Qur’anic Studies, Islamic Law, and Islamic Ethics
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Articles 590 Documents
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Ibn Sina’ s Concept of Wajib al-Wujud Hamid Fahmy Zarkasyi
TSAQAFAH Vol. 7 No. 2 (2011): Islamic Theology
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/tsaqafah.v7i2.6

Abstract

This paper is an exposition of Ibn Sina’ s concept  Wa> jib al-W uju> d(Necessary Existence),a concept of God derived from or modified out of   Aristotle’ s natural theology .Since it deviates from  Aristotle’ s philosophy ,it considerably distinct from the Greek philosophical tradition. Unlike Aristotle whose theological framework departs from physic, Ibn Sina delineates the concept of God from pure metaphysical approach consisting of ontological and cosmological arguments.From this delineation Ibn Sina has successfully solved  Aristotle’ s problem of God knowledge and change, and that is by positing that God knew something other than Himself but it does not imply change in His essence since His knowledge is unbounded by time.Be that as it ma y ,this philosophical concept is subject to further examination from theological perspectives .However,the term Wa> jib al-W uju> d is a key concept for the explication of the existence of God, but the term itself is not assumption,but the goal to be investigated.  Although Necessary Existence is only ontological concept it is used in his various way of proving God’ s existence,whether in cosmological argument or other argument. Interestingly ,since all depend on the key concept of   ‘necessity’,the proof that begins from the causality does not end in the First Cause but on Wajib al-W ujud, an end that seems to be incompatible with the beginning .
Teologi Mustad’afin di Indonesia: Kajian atas Teologi Muhammadiyah Sokhi Huda
TSAQAFAH Vol. 7 No. 2 (2011): Islamic Theology
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/tsaqafah.v7i2.8

Abstract

Mustad’afin Theology in Indonesia is the new face of  al-Ma’un theology initiated by the Ahmad Dahlan. It eventually accumulates with more extensive issues and involves partnerships with other parties in order to achieve its praxis strategy. The basic assumption of  this theology is that the practice of  worship must be directly related to social concerns, with a foundation of monotheism that manifests itself  into the realm of  praxis. This finally leads to the key words of “social unity” and “social rituals” which are then developed in the context of contemporary nationhood and statehood in Indonesia. Moreover, its epistemology primarily comes from: (1) Wahhabi-Salafi ideology of  Rashid Rida, (2) the idea of    education reform of  Muhammad ‘Abduh, and (3) theology of al-Ma’un of Ahmad  Dahlan. These three basic epistemologies are equipped with a significant adaptation to seven factors, in order to be accepted as a theology of  liberators movement in Indonesia. The performance of  Mustad’afin theology is a theology that does social defense for the following conditions: (1) oppression of faith, (2) retardation, (3) suffering of economic and social status, (4) moral suffering, and (5) the threat of theologies and the existence of Indonesia. Finally, it implies the necessity of  Mustad’afin Islamic Jurisprudence to regulate the conduct of  worship and social community. Furthermore, the exclusive part of  Wahhabi-Salafi Islamic jurisprudence is no longer posed.
Wilayat al-Faqih Baina al-Fiqhiyyah wa al-Kalamiyyah Muhammad Khalid Muslih
TSAQAFAH Vol. 7 No. 2 (2011): Islamic Theology
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/tsaqafah.v7i2.9

Abstract

The early fourteenth century of Hijra is a new transitional phase for the historical development of Syiah Imamiyah. This can be traced by their success in establishing an Islamic state using 12 Imam Ideology which is based on “Welayat al-Faqih” system. This system is the antithesis of the theory of al-ghaibah al- kubra, which until now has been running more than 1000 years and has forbidden Shiite followers to perform various social, political and religious activities until reappearance of Imam Mahdi. As a result, many teachings of the religion cannot be applied. If this condition  continues, the Islamic teachings will be destructed in the future, so that the bearer of this idea see the necessity for the fuqaha ‘(scholars’) of Shiite who have reached the degree of “Mujtahid” to take over the role of Imam Mahdi in establishing and leading the Islamic State, thus, a guardian Jurist in a country which is built up under the system of welayat faqih, holds a supreme power, who covers the whole territory granted to the Prophet and the Imams. In spite of  saying that welayat fakih included in the category of Islamic jurisprudence, the Shiite Jurists argue that it has a dimensions of kalam, as it also discusses the problem of  “af ’âlullâh”. Eventually, the form of  the State born cannot be avoided from the format of  “Theocracy”. historical development of Syiah Imamiyah. This can be traced by their success  in establishing an Islamic state using 12 Imam Ideology which is based on  "Welayat al-Faqih" system. This system is the antithesis of the theory of  al- ghaibah al-kubra, which until now has been running more than 1000 years and  has forbidden Shiite followers to perform various social, political and religious  activities until reappearance of Imam Mahdi. As a result, many teachings of  the religion  cannot be applied. If this condition  continues, the Islamic teachings will be destructed in the future, so that the bearer of this idea see the necessity for the fuqaha '(scholars') of Shiite who have reached the degree of "Mujtahid" to take over the role of Imam Mahdi in establishing and leading the Islamic State, thus, a guardian Jurist in a country which is built up under the system of  welayat faqih, holds a supreme power, who covers the whole territory granted to the Prophet and the Imams. In spite of saying that welayat fakih included in the category of Islamic jurisprudence, the Shiite Jurists argue that it has a dimensions of kalam, as it also discusses the problem of "af'âlullâh". Eventually, the form of the State born cannot be avoided from the format of "Theocracy".  
Kritisisme Sejarah Teologi Barat Happy Susanto
TSAQAFAH Vol. 7 No. 2 (2011): Islamic Theology
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/tsaqafah.v7i2.11

Abstract

The main purpose of this article consists in investigating the history of theology in the Western culture. This investigation is aimed at finding a new path for understanding the essence of  Western theology. Western theology is meant that body of  doctrine and tradition developed solely in terms of  the temporal and cultural situations within the West. It should go without saying that all doctrinal development takes place within a historical and ideological context which defines not only the issues raised but also the language and concepts used in attempting solutions. It should readily be admitted that even the “purest” theological formulation reflects the thought and terms of  its era. It is not doubted that Western theology promotes universal truths which may be applied to all peoples in all places under all circumstances. The resistance comes arise from Liberation theologies. The characteristic of  Liberation theologies, whether specifically Black American theologies or Latin American theologies, is to decry the negative impact which traditional Western theology has had, both implicitly and explicitly, upon non-white peoples of  the world. For the case of  Indonesia, the mergence of  Islamic thought or Islamic theology is very unique. Intellectual traditions of Indonesia were developed after contact with reformist and modernist thought without denying local wisdom. Acceptance and rejection of  Western Thought without criticism is a weakness.
Teologi Kapitalistik : Catatan atas Cara Pandang Masyarakat Modern Terhadap Agama Khoirul Faizin
TSAQAFAH Vol. 7 No. 2 (2011): Islamic Theology
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/tsaqafah.v7i2.12

Abstract

As a cultural movement, globalization has presented the differences that tear do wn the totality and unity of values and beliefs .Global culture is characterized by the integration of local culture into the global order.  Accordingly ,various foreign cultural values become the bases of the formation of sub-culture that stands alone with the freedom of expression. As a cultural movement, it brings the differences that under mine the totality and the unity of values and religious beliefs. This climate conduci ve to these different ways of life and then spawns a widespread individualization process, which turns man away from the general context. This massive shift can be seen in the so-called “privatization of religion”, the process of individualization in the appreciation and religious practices. Revitalization of religion is needed to restore the basic values of religion that have been secularized. Religion must come back as a legitimate sovereign social values and piety . This sovereignty of religion should be structured as a strategy for revitalizing religion in the lives of individuals and social piety .  Thus,religion as a sovereign authority regulates individual piety personally and socially .However, the sovereignty of religion should give a wide freedom for individuals to perform the function of religion in accordance with the present context.
الأخلاقيات المهنية في مؤسسات التمويل الأصغر الإسلامية Dato Muhammad Muda; Muhammad Aunurrahim; Hani Yahya
TSAQAFAH Vol. 7 No. 2 (2011): Islamic Theology
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/tsaqafah.v7i2.13

Abstract

The role of professional ethics is indeed significant in the local and global market realities, in which most of organizations and financial institution try to survive right in the middle of  the current tight competition in the business, particularly in gaining trust and financial sources from societies as well as customers and employees. This brief  study focused on the scope of professional ethics that govern the activities of general Islamic institutions which are working in the field of microfinance. Those institutions are really in desperate need of these ethics that maintain the growth and sustainability, and then could protect the rights of the poor who are dealing with it. In the other hand this research also reviewed the ten of the most important ethical principles that should be a general framework for any proposed model of the code of Islamic microfinance ethics, to match transactions with these institutions with the principles of Islamic morality as well as the technical rules governing the work of  these institutions.  This research found and came out with a batch of  results and recommendations which will hopefully contribute to the consolidation of the theoretical framework for study as well as enhancing the practical side of ethics. market realities, in which most of organizations and financial institution try to survive right in the middle of the current tight competition in the business, particularly in gaining trust and financial sources from societies as well as customers and employees. This brief study focused on the scope of professional ethics that govern the activities of general Islamic institutions which are working in the field of microfinance. Those institutions are really in desperate need of these ethics that maintain the growth and sustainability, and then could protect the rights of the poor who are dealing with it. In the other hand this research also reviewed the ten of the most important ethical principles that should be a general framework for any proposed model of the code of Islamic microfinance ethics, to match transactions with these institutions with the principles of Islamic morality as well as the technical rules governing the work of these institutions.  This research found and came out with a batch of results and recommendations which will hopefully contribute to the consolidation of the theoretical framework for study as well as enhancing the practical side of ethics.
Nomenklatur Baru Pendidikan Islam di Era Industrialisasi Masdar Hilmy
TSAQAFAH Vol. 8 No. 1 (2012): Islamic Education
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/tsaqafah.v8i1.14

Abstract

The coming of  industrialization era  is irreversible, albeit the rejection by some. Among Muslims, industrialization  is responded differently; some welcome while some others reject uncritically the logics behind the industrialization process. Whether like ordislike, sooner or later, Muslims in the end must live by industrialization era. What the Muslims need  in  response  to  the coming of   industrialization era  is  to  formulate a workable blue-print with which Muslims feel comfortable as an epistemological foundation of the Muslim  faith.  Such a blue-print  is  expected  to be able  to cope with  the ontological, epistemological and  axiological problems  created by  existing  industrialization process.Industrialization process, in my argument, should have not deprived the existential being of   the Muslim  society. The  fact  is  that  the  industrialization projects  result  in  the dehumanizing people. A proper  industrialization must place people as the subject, not the object, of  the  entire process of  industrialization. Far  from  an ambition  to present a complete solution to the current crises faced by Muslims, the need to formulate a new blue-print of  industrialization-based Islamic education will be elaborated by this paper.
Problem Keilmuan Kontemporer dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Dunia Pendidikan Mohammad Muslih
TSAQAFAH Vol. 8 No. 1 (2012): Islamic Education
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/tsaqafah.v8i1.15

Abstract

This articledeparts from the assumption that education is actually a scientific activity ,in a sense related to theimplementation,development and dissemination of knowledge. However, in education, study of knowledge and it’ s relation with the educational process remains a neglected area. In the perspective of philosophy of science, contemporary issue to this is the issue of the nature of science and the growth of science. Relation to education, a growing problem then is how the consequences of building science to education. If education means the process of promoting and developing human knowledge, how should the process be done? This article asserts that the concept and praxis of education proved to havea relationship with the scientific problem. Criticism of the nature of science is certainly going to be able to  clarify the pedagogical logic of educational praxis. Theory and methodolog y of education has become a pretty interesting studyin pedagogy. While “educational paradigm” is a philosophical discussion in Philosophy of Education, Sociology and History of Education, actually there is another problem that has not been touched, namely the problem of belief, principles of life, and faith in relation to education.  This problem is referred to as the “Theology of Education, ” a field that examines the values , spirit, and religious aspects as an integral part of education.
Penciptaan Lingkungan Edukatif dalam Pembentukan Karakter: Studi terhadap Aplikasi Pemikiran Ibnu Jama’ah Hery Noer Aly
TSAQAFAH Vol. 8 No. 1 (2012): Islamic Education
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/tsaqafah.v8i1.16

Abstract

This study is a rediscovery enterprise on educational thought of Ibn Jama’ah in his famous book, al-Tadhkirah. It is basically the book on  learning and teaching. But, much more  than a book on  technic and strategy ,  it  is  full of  moral message which conducts whole process of  learning and  teaching,  and  in  turn  creates an  educating environment. The significance of this study due to moral decadence among the nation. Corruption, for instance, is not only available among the leaders and bureaucrates, but also among the peoples. Delinquency  is not only the habit of  young generation, but now suffered by parents who can not give a good sample. That moral decadence is not deal with  the poverty of moral conduct; there  are  treasury  and haritage of  it, either from religous or traditional resource. But that old values available in many documents are not internalized yet, in additon to the fast-coming of foreign culture which is not in accord with Indonesian culture. Here we see that the issue is not the content of value education, but the strategy developed  in the process. So that, al-Tadhkirah will be studied with content analysis approach to find out the possibility of application of his thought in moral education. The study  finally discovered that the  thought of  Ibn  Jama’ah  is very possible  to be applied. The only precondition  is the commitment of all stakeholders to create educating environtment based on regulation formulated by themselves.
Local Wisdom dan Penetapan Hukum Islam di Indonesia Sagaf Pettalongi
TSAQAFAH Vol. 8 No. 2 (2012): Islamic Jurisprudence
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/tsaqafah.v8i2.17

Abstract

Local wisdom or in terms of fiqhi is called  al-urfis something that is a customs and traditions of a society in the form of words or deeds or things leave something .Local wisdom or tradition,which does not contradict the basic principles of the teaching of Islam may be regarded as confir med as the shari’a law. The priests madhahib many legal opinion based on the consideration of local wisdom (al-‘urf). In Indonesia there are three theories that are commonly used to keep the customary law and Islamic law ,namely:Receptio in complex theory ,Receptie theory and Receptio a contrario theory .Local wisdom has played an important role towards the establishment of Islamic law in both the establishment and enforcement of Islamic law .Some scholars deter mined requirements to make the local wisdom  (‘urf) as a source of Islamic law (1) local wisdom apply in the majority of cases occuring amongs the people and its implementation embraced by the majority community ,(2)  ‘urf existed before the emergence of cases which would set the law ,(3) local wisdom is not contrary to clearly expressed in a contract, (4) local wisdom does not conflict with nash.

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