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Menara Perkebunan
Published by Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit
ISSN : 01259318     EISSN : 18583768     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Menara Perkebunan as a communication medium for research in estate crops published articles covering original research result on the pre- and post-harvest biotechnology of estate crops. The contents of the articles should be directed for solving the problems of production and/or processing of estate crops of smallholder, private plantations and state-owned estates, based on the three dedications of plantation. Analyses of innovative research methods and techniques in biotechnology, which are important for advancing agricultural research. Critical scientific reviews of research result in agricultural and estate biotechnology.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 541 Documents
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Biocontrol activity of endophytic bacteria from cocoa against Phytophthora sp. and Colletotrichum sp. Grace Wijaya; Agustin Krisna Wardani; Deden Eris
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 91 No. 1 (2023): 91 (1), 2023
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v91i1.522

Abstract

Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) and chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) are commonly cultivated by farmers, and in some cases, both crops are grown together in intercropping systems. The main pathogen infected cocoa is the Phytophthora sp. fungus, which causes fruit rot, stem cancer, and leaf blight, while Colletotrichum sp. causes anthracnose in chili pepper plants. The ability of endophytic bacteria to inhibit the growth of fungi and bacterial pathogens is well known. In this study, the biocontrol ability of endophytic bacteria against fungal pathogens was tested, and a biocontrol preliminary test was also observed by examining their potential inhibition on Chromobacterium violaceum called antiquorum sensing test. Endophytic bacteria were isolated from cocoa plants, while Phytophthora and Colletotrichum were isolated from cocoa and chili pepper plants that showed symptoms of fruit rot and anthracnose. A total of 34 endophytic bacterial isolates were successfully obtained, with 10 isolates from leaves (DK), 12 isolates from branches (RK), and 12 isolates from roots (KA) of cocoa plant ICCRI 4. Sixteen isolates showed quorum sensing ability, which AHL degradation index ranging from 0.44 – 1.56. Antagonistic tests showed that 11 out of 16 isolates had strong antibiosis against Phytophthora sp., with inhibition zones ranging from 0.6-1.35 cm. Meanwhile, 10 out of 16 isolates had strong antibiotics against Colletotrichum sp., with clear zones ranging from 0.6 – 1.1 cm. The three best endophytic bacterial isolates that had a combination of antiquorum sensing ability on C. violaceum and biocontrol against Phytophthora sp. and Colletotrichum sp. were RK 11, KA 1, and KA 8. [Keywords: antagonist, ahl lactonase, plant beneficial microorganism]
Pemodelan protein dan analisis molecular docking enzim β-glukanase solat Bacillus subtilis W3.15: Ainia Hanifitri; Laksmi Ambarsari; Nisa Rachmania Mubarik
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 91 No. 1 (2023): 91 (1), 2023
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v91i1.523

Abstract

The β-glucanase enzyme is an enzyme protein that can hydrolyze β-glucan, one of the main components of the fungal cell wall. This enzyme protein is produced by several bacteria, one of which is B. subtilis. The three-dimensional (3D) structure of proteins is necessary to understand their properties and functions of proteins. Enzyme proteins can be analyzed for their structure and function using in silico method. This study aims to detect the β-glucanase gene from B. subtilis W3.15 and analyze it using the in silico method. The methods in this research are homology modeling and molecular docking analyses. Modeling was carried out using the SWISS-MODEL server and docking analysis using the PLANTS 1.1 program. Modeling the β-glucanase enzyme is based on the template of the β-glucanase enzyme protein model with PDB code 3o5s. The results of sequence alignment and model visualization were quite good as indicated by the model having a Ramachandran Plot value in the favored area of 91.10 %, a MolProbity score of 0.95, and a QMEAN value of 0.90 ± 0.06. The β-glucanase enzyme model was then docked using the PLANTS1.1 program with native ligand B3P, 1,4-β-D-Glucan, D-glucose, β-D-Glucan from oats, and N-Acetyl glucosamine. The results of docking analysis showed that the β-glucan ligand (β-D-glucan from oats) used as a substrate in the cultivation of isolate B. subtilis W3.15 had a better binding energy prediction value compared to the B3P ligand, which is a natural ligand in the template proteins.   [Keywords: β-Glucan, β-D-Glucan from oat, ligand, PLANTS 1.1, 3D structure, SWISS-MODEL]
Potensi ekstrak kasar metabolit sekunder yang dihasilkan Trichoderma asperellum dan Pseudomonas fluorescens untuk pengendalian antraknosa pada buah kakao Christina Oktora Matondang; Muklasin; Loekas Soesanto
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 91 No. 1 (2023): 91 (1), 2023
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v91i1.524

Abstract

Cocoa pod anthracnose is an important disease of cocoa and can reduce yields. Many attempts have been made to control anthracnose rot disease on cocoa pods but have not been successful yet. This study aimed to examine the potency of secondary metabolite crude extracts produced by Trichoderma asperellum and Pseudomonas fluorescens solely or in combination in controlling anthracnose rot disease of cocoa pods in the field at Silo Bonto Village, Asahan Regency, North Sumatera Province. The secondary metabolite crude extracts was prepared by the form of conidia or T. asperellum and P. fluorescens cells. A randomized block design was used to assessed four treatments i.e. T. asperellum + P. fluorescens, T. asperellum, P. fluorescens secondary metabolite crude extracts and control, which was repeated six times. The observation parameters were the percentage of healthy and diseased pods (anthracnose fruit rot). The results showed that the secondary metabolite crude extracts of T. asperellum, P. fluorescens, and T. asperellum + P. fluorescens reduced the number of diseased fruits by 94.71, 89.09, and 92.09% compared to the control respectively. The increasing of  healthy fruits number in the application of secondary metabolite crude extracts of T. asperellum, P. fluorescens, and T. asperellum + P. fluorescens was 52.68, 54.20, and 54.18%, respectively.
Stability of B50 biodiesel added with glycerol ester additive based on palm oil oleic acid: Firda Dimawarnita; Yora Faramitha; Erliza Hambali
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 91 No. 1 (2023): 91 (1), 2023
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v91i1.526

Abstract

Biodiesel in Indonesia is a mixture of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) and diesel oil. Mixing FAME and diesel oil is challenging since FAME is separated from diesel oil at low temperatures. Changes in the physico-chemical properties of biodiesel during storage decrease biodiesel quality due to dissolved oxygen, potentially damaging the engine. Using glycerol ester (GE) as an additive can be an alternative solution to tackle that problem. This research examined the stability of GE-added biodiesel. As a comparison, commercial diethyl ether (DEE) additive was used. The concentration of additive added to biodiesel varied at 1000, 2000, and 3000 ppm while the storage temperature varied at 12, 25, and 42℃. The stability of biodiesel was evaluated for three months by measuring the acid value, viscosity, corrosion rate, and water content. The acid values ​​​​of the various types and concentrations of additives still meet the SNI 7182-2015 standard (0.5 mg KOH g-1 sample) with a value range of 0.148-  0.392 mg KOH g-1 sample. Kinematic viscosity had a value range of 3.12-3.58 cst, which also meets the SNI 7182-2015 standard (2.3-6 cst). The highest corrosion rate for GE and DEE was in the first week, with values of 0.447 and 0.261 mpy, respectively. Both B50 biodiesel control and the addition of 1000 ppm GE had the same water content value on the 18th day, which was 0.046%, and this value was considered the highest water content. This means adding an additive can maintain the water content in B50 biodiesel. Overall, GE additives in B50 biodiesel with various concentrations comply with SNI 7182-2015 standard.
Gibberellic acid (GA) role in acetyl-coA carboxylase enzyme regulation and in improving oil palm yield Irma Kresnawaty; Djoko Santoso; Galuh Wening Permatasari; Sumi Hudiyono
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 91 No. 2 (2023): 91 (2), 2023
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v91i2.533

Abstract

Seaweed specifically, Sargassum sp. is known to contains a boosting hormone growth that has been promoted plant growth and yield due to the containing of auxin, gibberelic acid (GA) and cytokinine, and also some amino acids especially glutamic acid. Those composition could be used as an booster of palm oil production which related to acetyl co-A carboxylase activity (ACC). ACC is the rate determination step in fatty acid accumulation, and becomes active through dephosphorylation of some serine residues that induced by magnesium and glutamate. Moreover, ACC was regulated by AtWRI1 and AtWRI1-TCP4 interaction, a mechanism that allow fine-tuning of the oil biosynthetic pathway. In this research we conducted gene expression experiments, and molecular docking analyses to study the possible mechanism of seaweed composition  stimulating oil  accumulation  in the    oil palm. Further  analysis  was  conducted  to  ensure whether the interaction between TCP4 and candidate inhibitors were able to phosphorylate TCP4 and decrease its activity. GA application resulted in the increase of oil accumulation in 1 month after application, although in the second month the oil accumulation showed decreasing. Increase of oil accumulation in the first month in line with the increase of the expression of ACC in 3rd and 5th weeks. Meanwhile, TCP4 showed decrease expression that resulted in the increase of the WRI1 in 5th week. From this result, it was indicated that GA application could block the TCP4, so it could not interact with WRI1, resulted in the expression of WRI1 and ACC. This interaction stimulates the oil accumulation in oil palm.  
Propagation and shelf-life of weed pathogenic fungi in alternative media and their effectiveness in billygoat (Ageratum conyzoides L) Loekas Soesanto; Murti Wisnu Ragil Sastyawan; Abdul Manan; Endang Mugiastuti
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 91 No. 2 (2023): 91 (2), 2023
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v91i2.536

Abstract

Control of billygoat (Ageratum conyzoides L) currently uses herbicides, on the other hand, control using pathogenic fungi is environmentally friendly, but for mass propagation and storage, alternative media are needed. The aim of the study was to determine the best type of alternative media for fungal growth and shelf life, as well as its effectiveness against billygoat. The treatment tested involves a combination of two factors: the type of pathogenic fungi (Curvularia lunata or Fusarium oxysporum) and the type of medium (rice washing water or tofu liquid waste). A completely randomized design was used for the in vitro test, while in planta test used a randomized block design with each experimental unit repeated five times. The observed variables were conidia density, number of colonies, incubation period, disease symptoms, disease intensity, and area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), as well as weed height, number of leaves, fresh and dry shoot, and root weights. The results showed that the conidia density of F. oxysporum was 57% better in rice washing water than in tofu wastewater. The best shelf life for the fungus was four weeks. The use of rice washing water for F. oxysporum and C. lunata effectively delayed the incubation period by 77 and 71% respectively, suppressed disease intensity by 90 and 88%, and AUDPC by 94 and 93% compared to the control. The F. oxysporum grown on rice washing water media was able to reduce the number of leaves, fresh and dry weight of billygoat by 25, 30, and 20% compared to the control, respectively.
Characterization of cellulose from oil palm empty fruit bunches by fast delignification process with different solvents Firda Dimawarnita; Yora Faramitha; Haryo Tejo Prakoso; Indah Puspitasari; Doni Nugroho Kalbuadi; Dedy Prasetyo
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 91 No. 2 (2023): 91 (2), 2023
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v91i2.542

Abstract

Cellulose extraction typically begins with a delignification reaction using conventional methods, namely alkaline treatment. So far, the delignification process using alkaline treatment requires quite a long time, which is over 6 hours of the cooking process, so the cost to produce cellulose is quite large. The delignification approach using a variety of solvents is needed to answer the current problem, which is to shorten the reaction time. In this study, two types of solvents were carried out for the delignification process of EFB, namely NaOH and H2O2, while the time used for the delignification process was 15 minutes. Parameters of research observations included levels of lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose.Extraction of cellulose from EFB using H2O2 and NaOH produced cellulose content of 52.76% and 66.46%, respectively. However, based on visual results of treatment using NaOH are still brown in color which indicates that lignin is still contained in EFB. The Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR)and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) characterization results before and after delignified EFB showed that a peak of 3301.75 cm−1 dominated the functional group that show cellulose, with the highest crystallinity index of 12.43% in the H2O2 treatment. The results of Thermogravimetry Analysis (TGA)and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analyses showed that EFB before and after treatment were different, which can be observed from the loss of lignin structure and TGA values which began to degrade at 351.78°C. Therefore, based on this research the best solvent for fast delignification of EFB was H2O2 (only need 15 min).
The effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) on agronomic characteristics of clove seedlings of superior local variety of East Halmahera Fredy Lala; Hermawati Cahyaningrum; Yayat Hidayat; Bayu Suwitono
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 91 No. 2 (2023): 91 (2), 2023
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v91i2.543

Abstract

Cloves (Syzygium aromaticum L.) have taproots but during the dry season the plants suffer from drought. Increasing the surface area of plant roots in the nursery is very important to produce clove plants with roots that have a high absorption of water and nutrients from the soil. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on the growth of clove seedlings in the nursery and their nursery business. The research was conducted at a clove nursery in Telaga Jaya Village, South Wasile District, East Halmahera Regency, North Maluku from May to October 2020. The study used a Completely Randomized Block Design consisting of 4 treatments and three replications. The treatments were AMF doses: 0 g, 25 g, 50 g, and 75 g on each polybag. The results showed that the application of AMF increased plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, stem diameter, root length, and fresh weight of roots. East Halmahera clove nursery business had higher profits when using AMF than without AMF application.
Pengaruh tiga jenis formula teknologi Sucrosin terhadap pertumbuhan dan produktivitas tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.) Muhammad Abdul Aziz; Ciptadi Ahmad Yusup; Siswanto Siswanto; Djoko Santoso; Priyono Priyono; Happy Widiastuti
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 91 No. 2 (2023): 91 (2), 2023
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v91i2.545

Abstract

Sucrosin technology, have been tested in ​​more than 10,000 ha of sugarcane planting area, resulted in highly variable increases in productivity. However, fulfilling standard operational procedures when implemented on a wide scale is complicated, so it needs to be simplified regarding product formulation and application techniques. This study aimed to evaluate the three different formulas of Sucrosin technology in increasing sugarcane growth and productivity. The study was conducted on PC sugarcane at RNI Plantation, Majalengka, West Java, using the Bululawang 1303 variety. The research design was a completely randomized design with four treatments consisting of Sucrosin technology existing (Se), formula 1 (S1), and formula 2 (S2) and control. The application of formula 2 Sucrosin technology (S2) could significantly increase the height and diameter of sugarcane stalks at 6 and 9 MAP. Sugarcane production in Se, S1, and S2 treatments increased by 22.49% (112.71 ton ha-1), 20.47% (110.85 ton ha-1), and 16.45% (107.15 ton ha-1) compared to controls (92.02 ton ha-1), respectively. These results show that Sucrosin Se technology produces the highest production. Nevertheless, from a technical perspective for implementation in the field, the most straightforward Sucrosin technology is S2. However, further research needs to be conducted in the broader area across different agro-ecologies to confirm the current findings.
Mitigation of 3-MCPDE and GE in palm oil in Indonesia Jenny Elisabeth
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 91 No. 2 (2023): 91 (2), 2023
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v91i2.549

Abstract

Among consumed-vegetable oils, RBDPO (refined, bleached and deodorized palm oil) is indicated containing higher level of 3-MCPDE and GE, which have been classified as potentially carcinogenic and/or genotoxic to human. Those contaminants in RBDPO are formed during deodorization process with high temperature and also correlate with chloride content and quality of CPO as raw material.  The maximum limit for 3-MCPDE and GE content in vegetable oil has been set at 2500 and 1000 µg kg-1, and as low as 750 and 500 µg kg-1 when used for production of baby food and cereal-based foods for infants and young children. The mitigation of 3-MCPDE and GE in RBDPO is quite challenging for palm oil refineries in producing a good quality of palm oil in term of sensory, stability, safety, and nutritional value, especially in Indonesia.  It has been proven that modification of conventional refining process can reduce the 3-MCPDE and GE content. They are including pre-treatment of CPO by water washing to reduce the chloride content, alkali neutralization to remove any acids present in the oil prior to deodorization, using neutral bleaching earth, adding antioxidants after bleaching to reduce free radical-mediated formation of 3-MCPDE and GE, lowering the deodorization temperature with a longer time, and even double bleaching and/or double deodorization of the palm oil.  Post-refining treatment using specific adsorbents is also applied to remove the 3-MCPDE  and GE. However, palm oil  refineries  have  to  apply combination of several mitigation strategies to adequately reduce the levels of 3-MCPDE and GE, including using good quality of CPO with low FFA, chloride, and oxidized components content. 

Page 30 of 55 | Total Record : 541

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