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INDONESIA
Menara Perkebunan
Published by Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit
ISSN : 01259318     EISSN : 18583768     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Menara Perkebunan as a communication medium for research in estate crops published articles covering original research result on the pre- and post-harvest biotechnology of estate crops. The contents of the articles should be directed for solving the problems of production and/or processing of estate crops of smallholder, private plantations and state-owned estates, based on the three dedications of plantation. Analyses of innovative research methods and techniques in biotechnology, which are important for advancing agricultural research. Critical scientific reviews of research result in agricultural and estate biotechnology.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 541 Documents
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Sterilization method of contaminated oil palm plantlets affects the survival rate during acclimatization Masna Maya Sinta; Lailia Zubaidah; Rizka Tamania Saptari; Imron Riyadi; Galuh Wening Permatasari; Riza Arief Putranto; Annisa A Aksa; Larasati D Mahardhika; Yuli Setiawati; Hayati Minarsih; Ernayunita Ernayunita
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 91 No. 2 (2023): 91 (2), 2023
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v91i2.551

Abstract

Contamination in the in vitro culture is a critical problem causing the failure of seed production. Contamination in the oil palm plantlet is detrimental, considering that oil palm propagation is difficult and takes a long time. This research aimed to study the effect of sterilization during acclimatization of the contaminated oil palm plantlets by fungi on viability and to determine the optimum viability achieved from the contaminated materials. The materials used were contaminated plantlets of oil palm with roots, four leaves, and a height of about 17 cm. The plantlets were removed from the tube and cleaned with running tap water, then were sterilized, with treatments P1: soaking in benomyl-mancozeb-sodium hypochlorite and mannitol and rinsing with aquadest, P2: soaking in benomyl-mancozeb, P3: soaking in mancozeb. Cleaning plantlets under running tap water was carried out as a control treatment. The results showed that at 10 weeks after acclimatization, the survival rate of plantlets in each treatment (P1, P2, and P3) was significantly higher than that of the control. Sterilization methods affect the time new leaves emerge, leaf condition after sterilization treatment, and shoot height. The lowest fungal contamination after treatments was found in P2, followed by P3. After 3 months, plantlet survival rate decreased, with the highest survival rate in treatment P3 (32.3%) followed by treatment P2 (22.5%). In conclusion, acclimatization of contaminated oil palm plantlets can be carried out using a suitable sterilization treatment. Sterilization affects the survival rate and growth of in vitro-contaminated oil palm plantlets during acclimatization.
Viabilitas mikroba selulolitik pada media pod dan pulp kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) Nisfatin Shofiana; Titi Candra Sunarti; Anja Meryandini
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 91 No. 2 (2023): 91 (2), 2023
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v91i2.552

Abstract

Cocoa production in Indonesia is increasing from year to year. Cocoa production increased has an impact on increasing waste cocoa pod and pulp. Cocoa pod contains lignocellulose, while cocoa pulp contains many sugars. The composition of cocoa pod and pulp allows the cellulolytic microbe to grow. This study aims to perform microbial selection from fermented cocoa and sugar cane can grow in cocoa pod and pulp (Theobroma cacao). The selection method using the CMC 1%, pod 1%, pulp 1%, and pod 0,5%+pulp 0,5% media. Then, the analysis of reducing sugar using DNS method, while the total sugar analysis using phenol-H2SO4 method. Sugars of hydrolisis result were analyzed quantitatively using TLC. The results of microbial selection on CMC 1%, pod %, pulp 1%, and pod 0,5%+pulp 0,5% media obtained TBT 3.2 have the largest cellulolytic index on the pod 1% media. Isolates TBT 3.2 grown on pod 1% medium produce reducing sugar is 4,965 mg/mL at 30 hours sampling with highest total sugar at 6 hours sampling is 9,789 mg/mL. The types of sugars identified using the TLC are mannose, galactose, glucose, and selobiose.
Genetic mapping studies in Coffea sp using molecular marker methods Studi peta genetik pada Coffea sp. menggunakan metode penanda molekuler . PRIYONO; Riza Arief PUTRANTO
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 83 No. 2: 83 (2), 2015
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v83i2.6

Abstract

AbstrakAnalisis genetik telah  menjadi alat yang penting  dalam  pemuliaan  tanaman untuk perbaikan sifat penting tanaman. Salah satu potensi terbesar dari analisis tersebut adalah identifikasi penanda molekuler yang berguna untuk pemetaan genetik. Pemetaan genetik  merupakan  salah satu langkah penting dari analisis  genetik.  Intisari  dari   semua pemetaan genetik adalah  menempatkan  koleksi  pe- nanda molekuler pada posisi tertentu dalam genom. Hal tersebut dapat kemudian digunakan untuk meng- identifikasi lokus sifat kuantitatif (QTLs) dengan memanfaatan keragaman genetik alami yang tersedia dan meningkatkan sifat-sifat penting serta berharga. Sampai saat ini, tiga belas peta genetik telah dipublikasi dan tersedia pada Coffea sp. yang menciptakan database besar untuk kerangka genetik. Sebuah peta genetik terbaru dengan akses terbuka dan berfungsi sebagai referensi telah dibangun oleh International Coffee Genomics Network (ICGN). Peta tersebut tediri dari 3230 lokus, dengan panjang peta 1471 cM (1cm ~ 500 Kb) serta kepadatan satu penanda setiap 220 Kb. Peta-peta genetik pada tanaman kopi telah digunakan dari karakterisasi gen hingga analisis komparatif genom dengan spesies tanaman yang berbeda. Saat ini, pesatnya kemajuan teknologi New Genome Sequencing (NGS) untuk sekuensing DNA dan RNA memungkinkan validasi dari peta-peta genetik untuk prediksi QTLs serta gen-gen yang membawa sifat penting Coffea sp.AbstractGenetic analysis has become an important tool in plant breeding for crop improvement. One of their greatest potential appears to be the identification of molecular markers useful for genetic mapping. Genetic mapping is one of important steps in genetic analysis. The essence of all genetic mapping is to place a collection of molecular markers onto their respective positions on the genome. Thus, it leads to identification of new quantitative trait loci (QTLs) by making benefits of natural available genetic diversity.and to improve important and valuable traits. Until present, thirteen genetic maps were published and available in Coffea sp. creating a huge database for genetic framework. One most recent and open reference genetic map for robusta coffee has been generated by the International Coffee Genomics Network (ICGN) comprising 3230 loci, genetic size 1471 cM (1cM ~500 Kb), with an average density close to one marker every 220 Kb. The Coffea genetic maps have been utilized from gene characterization to genomic comparative analysis with different plant species. Nowadays, the feasibility of NGS for DNA and RNA sequencing allow the validation of genetic map related to the prediction of QTLs and adjacent genes related to important traits for Coffea sp. 
Evaluasi varietas, sumber eksplan dan strain Agrobacterium terhadap keberhasilan transformasi tebu dengan gen P5CS Evaluation of varieties, explant sources, and Agrobacterium strains for successful sugarcane transformation using P5CS gene Hayati MINARSIH; Dwi SUBIYARTI; Imron RIYADI; Soekarno Mismana PUTRA; Laksmi AMBARSARI
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 83 No. 1: 83 (1), 2015
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v83i1.7

Abstract

Abstract Genetic transformation can be used as an alter-native to develop sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) tolerant to drought stress. P5CS gene has a role in biosynthesis of proline, an amino acid that accumulated under drought stress conditions. Transfer of a P5CS gene construct into plant cells in conjunction with regeneration of transgenic plantlets may develop sugarcane tolerant to drought stress. The aim of this research was to obtain an optimal transformation method which includes a suitable strain of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and the best sugarcane explant and variety. The results showed that transfer of P5CS gene has been successfully carried out on sugarcane explants from solid media-derived calli, embryogenic calli and somatic embryos derived from temporary immersion system (TIS) culture. Whilst Agrobacterium strain LBA4404 was indicated as the most effective transformation vector. The regeneration of Kidang Kencana variety transformants from calli and somatic embryos was better than those of PS 881 and PS 891. The best performance of transformants based on the source of explants obtained from somatic embryos from TIS culture. Moreover, a succesfull Agrobacterium mediated transformation on sugarcane was indicated by transient expression of Gus gene and the ability of the transformants grew in a selection medium containing 50 ppm of kanamycin.Abstrak Transformasi genetik dapat digunakan sebagai upaya untuk merakit tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.) toleran terhadap cekaman kekeringan. Gen P5CS diketahui  berperan  dalam  biosintesis  prolin,  yaitu asam amino yang umumnya terakumulasi ketika tanaman mengalami cekaman kekeringan. Transfor-masi gen P5CS dan regenerasi transgeniknya mungkin dapat menghasilkan tanaman tebu trans-genik yang toleran terhadap cekaman kekeringan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan metode transformasi yang optimum yang mencakup strain Agrobacterium tumefaciens yang sesuai, sumber eksplan dan varietas tebu terbaik sebagai target transformasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa transformasi gen P5CS telah berhasil dilakukan ke eksplan tebu baik yang berupa kalus asal media padat maupun kalus embriogenik dan embrio somatik asal kultur sistem perendaman sesaat (SPS). Sementara itu strain A. tumefaciens LBA4404 menunjukkan hasil yang paling efektif sebagai vektor transformasi. Pertumbuhan transforman baik pada kalus maupun embrio somatik pada varietas Kidang Kencana terlihat paling baik dibandingkan dengan varietas PS 881 dan PS 891. Sumber eksplan yang paling efektif adalah embrio somatik yang diperoleh dari  kultur SPS. Keberhasilan transformasi tebu me-lalui Agrobacterium ditunjukkan oleh ekspresi transien dari gen GUS dan kemampuan dari trans-forman untuk tumbuh di media yang mengandung    50 ppm kanamisin.
Sintesis reagen imunokimia untuk deteksi okratoksin dengan metode imunokromatografik nanopartikel emas Synthesis of immunochemical reagent for ochratoxin detection using gold nanoparticle immunochromatographic method Irma KRESNAWATY; Romsyah MARYAM; . SUHARYANTO; Sumi HUDIYONO
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 83 No. 1: 83 (1), 2015
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v83i1.8

Abstract

Abstract    The quality of Indonesiam coffee andcocoa products has been declined due to the contamination of fungi producing ochratoxin, a serious human mycotoxin. Therefore, develop-ment of fast, accurate and simple method for early detection of ochratoxin contamination is required. As a part of research attempted to develop early detection technique of ochratoxin in severall commodities, especially agricultural products, the objective of this study was to produce immunochemical reagent for ochratoxin detectionusing immunoglobulin Y (IgY) based on immunochromatographic method. Results showed that OTA-OVA could be synthesized using active ester method with addition of N-hydroxy-succiimide and dicyclocarboimide. The inter-mediate compound produced showed C=O stretching vibrational band at 1600 cm-1 and C-O stretching vibrational band at 1300-1000 cm-1. Antibody-gold nanoparticle conjugate was optimally produced at pH 9 and with antibody dilution of 1:7.5 (v/v). There was 50 nm absorb-tion shift in visible absorbtion after the antibody was conjugated with gold nanoparticle. Even though the test strip did not show  clear visual-ization, the cut off of ochratoxin concentrationis obviously determined at 10 ppb. This results suggest thatthe technique could be used to detect ochratoxin contamination. Abstrak Komoditas kopi dan kakao Indonesia ter-kendala masalah mutu produk yang rendah akibat kontaminasi jamur yang menghasilkan okra-toksin. Okratoksin merupakan mikotoksin yang membahayakan kesehatan manusia. Oleh karena itu, cara deteksi dini kontaminasi okratoksin yang cepat, akurat dan mudah perlu dikembangkan. Sebagai bagian dari usaha untuk mengembangkan teknik deteksi dini okratoksin pada pada berbagai komoditas, khususnya produk pertanian, pene-litian ini bertujuan menghasilkan reagen imuno-kimia yang menggunakan antibodi immune-globulin Y (IgY) berdasarkan metode imunokro-matografik untuk deteksi okratoksin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa OTA-OVA dapat disintesis dengan metode ester aktif dengan menambahkan N-hidroksisuksiimida dan disiklo-karboimida. Senyawa antara yang dihasilkan memiliki absorpsi pada frekuensi 1600 cm-1 yang menunjukkan adanya vibrasi ulur ikatan C=O dan adanya banyak absorpsi pada 1300-1000 cm-1 yang mengindikasikan adanya serapan ulur yang kuat ikatan C-O. Konjugat antibodi-nanopartikel emas dihasilkan optimum pada pH 9 dan dengan pengenceran antibodi 1:7,5 (v/v). Hasil pengujian spektrofotometer visible menunjukkan adanya pergeseran serapan sebesar 50 nm setelah anti-bodi dikonjugasikan pada nanopartikel emas. Meskipun secara visual tidak begitu jelas, tetapi hasil pengujian pada teststrip menunjukkan bahwa nilai cut off konsentrasi okratoksin yang terdeteksi adalah10 ppb. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa teknik yang dikembangkan dapat diguna-kan untuk deteksi kontaminasi okratoksin.
Kloning parsial gen penyandi P5CS dari tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.) Cloning of P5CS-encoding gene fragment from sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) Hayati MINARSIH; . SUPRIYADI; Soekarno Mismana PUTRA; Asmini BUDIANI
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 80 No. 1: 80 (1), 2012
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v80i1.48

Abstract

AbstractAbiotic stress such as drought stress is one of the important factors that affect plant growth. Plants have an adaptation mechanism to overcome the stress condition by accumulating osmoprotectant compounds. Proline is a well known compatible solute and can be accumulated to a high concentration in plant cells under drought or osmotic stress. One of the important enzymes in proline biosynthesis is ∆1 - pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) encoded by P5CS gene. This research is aimed to clone partial length of P5CS gene from S. officinarum, variety PSJT 941. The amplification of P5CS gene fragment was done by Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), using specific primers. DNA fragment of 984 bp, 975 bp and 1725 bp were cloned into Escherichia coli XL1-Blue using pGEMT Easy plasmid vector. Results from BLAST analysis showed that the P5CS sequences have high homology (99%) with the P5CS gene of S. officinarum in the GenBank database. AbstrakCekaman abiotik seperti kekeringan merupakan salah satu faktor penting yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan tanaman. Tanaman mempunyai strategi adaptasi dalam mengatasi cekaman tersebut dengan mengakumulasi senyawa osmoprotektan yang terakumulasi dalam konsentrasi tinggi. Prolin merupakan salah satu senyawa osmoprotektan yang dapat melindungi tanaman dari cekaman kekeringan maupun osmotik. Salah satu enzim yang berperan penting dalam biosintesis prolin adalah ∆1 -pyrroline-5- carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) yang disandi oleh gen P5CS. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengklon fragmen gen P5CS dari S. officinarum varietas PSJT 941. Amplifikasi fragmen gen P5CS dilakukan dengan teknik Reverse TranscriptionPolymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) menggunakan primer spesifik gen P5CS. Fragmen DNA hasil RT-PCR berukuran 984 bp, 975 bp, dan 1725 bp diklon ke dalam Escherichia coli XL 1-Blue menggunakan vektor plasmid pGEM-T Easy. Hasil analisis BLAST menunjukkan bahwa sekuen fragmen gen produk RT-PCR yang berasal dari S. officinarum PSJT 941 memiliki homologi yang sangat tinggi (99%) dengan gen P5CS pada S. officinarum yang ada dalam pusat data Genbank. 
Karakteristik gugus fungsional eksopolisakarida Burkholderia cenocepacia strain KTG dalam tiga kelas tekstur tanah The characteristic of exopolysaccharide functional group of Burkholderia cenocepacia strain KTG in three soil texture classes Laksmita Prima SANTI
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 79 No. 2: 79 (2), 2011
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v79i2.57

Abstract

Abstract This research was carried out to investigate the characteristics of exopolysaccharide functional groups of Burkholderia cenocepacia strain KTG originated from three different soil texture classes. This bacterium was isolated from rhizosphere of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) and has a highly potential exopolysaccharides production (4.3- 5.8 mg/mL) promoting soil aggregate formation. Fouriertransformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used for obtaining vibrational spectra of the exopolysaccharide. The bacterium was cultured in ATCC no.4 medium with a different source of carbon i.e. 2% (w/v) of sucrose, glucose, manitol, lactose, and 4-hydroxy-phenyl acetic acid as carbon sources respectively for initial characterization and then soil suspension of clay, sandy loam, and loamy sand. Analysis of the FTIR spectrum of the exopolysaccharide B. cenocepacia KTG strain both contain similar source of carbon in liquid ATCC no.14 medium and soil solution after 72 hours incubation showed intensive bands in the range of 3403-3400 cm-1 and 1651-1636 cm-1 corresponding to the stretching band of O-H (hydroxyl) and C=O (carbonyl) of exopolysaccharide. In the region 1135-993 cm-1 , exopolysaccharide of B. cenocepacia KTG strain exhibited the characteristic absorption at 1126 cm-1 corresponding to the existence of α and β configurationsAbstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari karakteristik gugus fungsional eksopolisakarida Burkholderia cenocepacia strain KTG di dalam tiga kelas tekstur tanah yang berbeda. Bakteri ini diisolasi dari rizosfer kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) dan memiliki potensi menghasilkan eksopolisakarida dalam jumlah tinggi (4,3-5,8 mg/mL) untuk membentuk agregat tanah. Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) digunakan untuk memperoleh gambaran spektra dari eksopolisakarida. Sebagai tahap awal karakterisasi gugus fungsional, bakteri ditumbuhkan di dalam medium ATCC no.14 dengan 2 % (b/v) sumber karbon berbeda yaitu: sukrosa, glukosa, manitol, laktosa, dan 4- hydroxyphenyl acetic acid dan diuji pula dalam larutan bahan tanah berliat, lempung berpasir, dan pasir berlempung. Hasil analisis dengan spektrum menunjukkan bahwa di dalam medium ATCC no.14 dengan jenis karbon berbeda ataupun di dalam larutan tanah setelah inkubasi 72 jam terlihat penyerapan pita yang intensif pada bilangan gelombang 3403-3400 cm-1 dan 1651-1636 cm-1 yang menandakan gugus hidroksil dan karbonil. Pada wilayah bilangan gelombang 1135-992.9 cm-1 , eksopolisakarida B. cenocepacia strain KTG menunjukkan penyerapan spesifik pada bilangan gelombang 1126 cm-1 yang menandakan konfigurasi ikatan α dan β.
Agensia hayati dan Arachis pintoi memacu pertumbuhan tanaman lada (Piper nigrum) dan mengurangi kejadian penyakit kuning Biocontrol agents and Arachis pintoi promote the growth of black pepper (Piper nigrum) and reduce the incidence of yellow disease Muhammad TAUFIK; Andi KHAERUNI; Abdul WAHAB; . AMIRUDDIN
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 79 No. 2: 79 (2), 2011
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v79i2.58

Abstract

AbstractYellow disease is a complex disease caused byFusarium sp., Phytophthora sp., and nematodes. Infectedplants were quickly killed and were difficult for replanting,causing significant losses for the growers. Various controlmethods were examined including the use of bioconrolagents and cover crop Arachis pintoi. The researchobjective was to determine the ability of biocontrol agentsand A. pintoi to improve pepper growth and reduce yellowdisease incidence on pepper plants in the field. Researchresults showed that the treatment of biocontrol andA. pintoi promoted vegetative growth of pepper plants, andincreased pepper height for up to more five times, andreduced yellow disease incidence to 30%AbstrakPenyakit kuning merupakan penyakit kompleks yangdisebabkan oleh Fusarium sp., Phytophthora sp. dannematoda parasit. Tanaman sakit mengalami kematianyang cepat dan kebun yang telah terinfeksi sulit untukditanami kembali, sehingga mengakibatkan kerugian yangnyata terhadap petani. Berbagai cara pengendalian telahdiuji termasuk penggunaan agens hayati Plant GrowthPromoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR), Trichoderma sp. dantanaman Arachis pintoi. Tujuan penelitian adalahmengetahui kemampuan agensia hayati dan Arachis pintoidalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan mengurangikejadian penyakit kuning pada tanaman lada di lapang.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan agenshayati dan A. pintoi meningkatkan tinggi dan jumlah dauntanaman lada lebih dari lima kali serta mempercepatmunculnya sulur dibandingkan dengan kontrol danfungisida. Aplikasi Trichoderma sp. yang dikombinasidengan A. pintoi menekan kejadian penyakit kuning hampir30%.
Peningkatan laju multiplikasi tunas dan keragaan planlet Stevia rebaudiana pada kultur in vitro Increasing shoot multiplication rate and plantlet vigor of Stevia rebaudiana in vitro culture . SUMARYONO; Masna Maya SINTA
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 79 No. 2: 79 (2), 2011
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v79i2.59

Abstract

AbstractStevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) is a natural zero-calorie sweetener plant grown in a high population density.Tissue culture technique is useful for rapid mass propagationof plants to provide superior planting materials. Experimentswere conducted to increase growth and multiplication ofshoots and vigor of plantlets of stevia. Explants used wereapical and axillary buds from plantlets grown on MS mediumwithout plant growth regulators. Combinations of BA andIAA at different concentrations were used for shoot growthand multiplication, whereas plant growth retardants(ancymidol and paclobutrazol) and light intensity were usedfor plantlet vigor. The results showed that stevia explantscultured on MS medium without plant growth regulatorsproduced the highest shoots (4.5 cm) with two shoots perexplant. The best multiplication rate of shoots were found onMS medium added with 1.13 mg/L BA combined with0.35 mg/L IAA which produced on average 4.5 shoots and11.9 nodes per initial explant. Ancymidol and paclobutrazolconcentrations affected significantly growth and vigor ofstevia plantlets. Increasing the concentration of ancymidoland paclobutrazol decreased plantlet height and biomassfresh weight, but increased stem diameter. Paclobutrazol at0.1 mg/L was the best treatment to increase the vigor ofstevia plantlets. Light intensity at 20 µmol/m 2 /s gave betterplantlet vigor than other light intensities. It can be concludedthat multiplication of stevia shoots should be grown on MSmedium supplemented with 1.13 mg/L BA + 0.35 mg/L IAAand the vigor of the shoots can be increased by culturing onMS medium containing 0.1 mg/L paclobutrazol underfluorescence lamps with 20 µmol/m 2 /s light intensity.AbstrakStevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) adalah tanamanpemanis alami nir-kalori yang ditanam dengan kerapatanpopulasi yang sangat tinggi. Teknik kultur jaringan dapatdigunakan untuk perbanyakan tanaman secara massal dancepat untuk menyediakan bahan tanam unggul. Penelitiantelah dilakukan untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan danmultiplikasi tunas dan keragaan planlet stevia. Eksplan yangdigunakan adalah tunas pucuk dan tunas samping dari planletyang ditumbuhkan pada medium MS tanpa zat pengaturtumbuh. Kombinasi BA dan IAA dengan konsentrasi yangberbeda digunakan untuk pertumbuhan dan multiplikasitunas, sedangkan zat penghambat tumbuh (ansimidol danpaklobutrazol) serta intensitas cahaya digunakan untukkeragaan planlet. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwaeksplan stevia yang ditumbuhkan pada medium MS tanpa zatpengatur tumbuh menghasilkan tunas paling tinggi (4,5 cm)dengan dua tunas per eksplan. Multiplikasi tunas terbaikdiperoleh pada medium dengan BA 1,13 mg/L yangdikombinasikan dengan IAA 0,35 mg/L yang menghasilkan4,5 tunas dan 11,9 ruas per eksplan awal. Konsentrasiansimidol dan paklobutrazol berpengaruh nyata terhadappertumbuhan dan keragaan planlet stevia. Meningkatnyakonsentrasi ansimidol dan paklobutrazol menurunkan tinggiplanlet dan bobot basah biomassa, tetapi meningkatkandiameter batang. Paklobutrazol pada konsentrasi 0,1 mg/Lmerupakan perlakuan terbaik untuk meningkatkan keragaanplanlet stevia. Intensitas cahaya pada 20 µmol/m 2 /detikmemberikan keragaan planlet yang lebih baik dibandingkanintensitas cahaya yang lain. Dapat disimpulkan bahwamultiplikasi tunas stevia sebaiknya dilakukan pada mediumMS ditambah BA 1,13 mg/L + IAA 0,35 mg/L dan keragaanplanlet dapat ditingkatkan dengan menanam planlet padamedium MS ditambah paklobutrazol 0,1 mg/L di bawahlampu fluoresen dengan intensitas cahaya 20 µmol/m 2 /detik.
Pengaruh ventilasi terhadap morfologi, stomata dan kadar klorofil tunas karet yang diperbanyak melalui microcutting Influence of ventilation on morphology, stomata and chlorophyll content of Hevea shoots propagated through microcutting . NURHAIMI-HARIS; Nurul Siti AYUNINGTIAS; Irma Herawati SUPARTO
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 79 No. 2: 79 (2), 2011
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v79i2.60

Abstract

AbstractIn plant tissue culture, the culture vessels are usuallycovered tightly with screw caps, aluminium foils, parafilm,or plastic wrap. This condition restricts the exchange ofgases in culture vessels and will affect negatively thegrowth of explants. The use of ventilated closure improvesthe air quality in culture vessels. Microboxes provided withdifferent types of filter (yellow filter with Kv value13.09 Gas Exchange (GE)/day, green filter with Kv value81.35 GE/day and without filter) on their closure wereexamined as culture vessels for growing rubber explants atmultiplication step. The purpose of this research was toobserve the plant condition in different types of microboxcorresponding to the morphology, stomata and chlorophyllcontent of the shoots. The results showed no significantdifference of shoot height on each microbox. The use ofventilated closure increased significantly new leafformation and decreased leaf fall. Normal size and color ofleaves were found on shoots grown in microbox with greenfilter. Chlorophyll analysis revealed no significantdifferences on three types of microbox, however visualobservation showed that leaves were greener on microboxwith green filter. The stomata condition of shoots onmicrobox with green filter were similar with those ofmother plants in green house, while different condition ofstomata were found on shoots grown in microbox withyellow filter or without filter. In normal environment suchas at the field and green house, most of stomata wereclosed, in microbox provided with filter on the closure,most of stomata were half open, while on microbox withoutfilter most of stomata were wide open.bstrakDalam kultur jaringan tanaman, tabung/botol kulturditutup rapat dengan penutup yang dilengkapi ulir,aluminium foil, parafilm atau plastik wrap. Kondisitersebut menghambat pertukaran udara dalam tabung kultursehingga sering memberikan pengaruh negatif terhadappertumbuhan eksplan. Penggunaan penutup berventilasidapat meningkatkan kualitas udara dalam lingkungantabung/botol kultur. Oleh karena itu microbox denganpenutup berfilter diuji sebagai wadah untuk menumbuhkaneksplan karet pada tahap multiplikasi, yaitu microboxberfilter kuning dengan nilai Kv sebesar 13,09 (GasExchange (GE)/hari dan berfilter hijau dengan nilai Kvsebesar 81,35 GE/hari, sedangkan sebagai kontrol adalahmicrobox tanpa filter (tertutup rapat). Penelitian bertujuanmengamati kondisi tunas di dalam microbox berfilter,meliputi morfologi, stomata dan kandungan klorofil. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa tinggi tunas tidak berbedanyata pada masing-masing microbox. Jumlah daun barudan daun gugur berbeda nyata, dimana pembentukan daunbaru terbanyak terdapat pada tunas dalam microboxberfilter kuning maupun hijau. Ukuran dan warna daunterlihat normal pada tunas dalam microbox berfilter hijau.Analisis kandungan klorofil tidak menunjukkan perbedaannyata, namun pengamatan visual menunjukkan bahwa daunlebih hijau pada microbox dengan filter hijau. Kondisistomata daun dari tunas dalam microbox dengan penutupberfilter hijau menyerupai stomata tanaman induk yangterdapat di rumah kaca dan lapangan, sedangkan kondisistomata berbeda ditemukan pada tunas dalam microboxberfilter kuning atau tanpa filter. Pada lingkungan normalseperti lapangan dan rumah kaca, sebagian besar stomatamenutup, pada wadah dengan tutup berfilter stomata agakmembuka sedangkan pada microbox tanpa filter sebagianbesar stomata terbuka lebar.

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