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Menara Perkebunan
Published by Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit
ISSN : 01259318     EISSN : 18583768     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Menara Perkebunan as a communication medium for research in estate crops published articles covering original research result on the pre- and post-harvest biotechnology of estate crops. The contents of the articles should be directed for solving the problems of production and/or processing of estate crops of smallholder, private plantations and state-owned estates, based on the three dedications of plantation. Analyses of innovative research methods and techniques in biotechnology, which are important for advancing agricultural research. Critical scientific reviews of research result in agricultural and estate biotechnology.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 541 Documents
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The effects of seaweed fertilizer on the growth and productivity of upland rice, maize and oil palm grown in green house Pengaruh pupuk rumput laut terhadap pertumbuhan dan produktivitas padi gogo, jagung dan kelapa sawit di rumah kaca Djoko SANTOSO; Tetty CHAIDAMSARI; . SYAFARUDDIN; Dedi Soleh EFFENDI
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 79 No. 2: 79 (2), 2011
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v79i2.61

Abstract

AbstrakSebagai negara kepulauan di daerah tropis, Indonesiakaya akan sumberdaya alam untuk swasembada pangan.Berjuta-juta hektar lahan di Indonesia ditanami tanamanperkebunan, tanaman tahunan yang memiliki masa juvenilyang relatif lama, terutama tanaman kelapa sawit dan karet.Sementara itu, upaya untuk meningkatkan produksi panganterkendala oleh terbatasnya lahan subur. Penelitian yangmengeksplorasi bioregulator alami mampu meningkatkanproduktivitas tanaman, menemukan bahwa Sargasum sp.,rumput laut tipe liar yang di sepanjang pantai beberapawilayah Indonesia, menunjukkan kemampuannya meningkat-kan pertumbuhan dan produktivitas tanaman seperti padi,jagung, tomat dan pertumbuhan kelapa sawit tanpapenambahan pupuk kimia. Percobaan pada padi gogovarietas Batutegi yang ditanam di rumah kaca, menunjuk-kan bahwa bioregulator alami tersebut meningkatkanproduktivitasnya 50% lebih tinggi daripada kontrolnya.Percobaan menggunakan jagung var. Arjuna, tanaman yangtelah diperlakukan dengan bioregulator tersebut mem-produksi dua hingga tiga tongkol, sementara pada tanamankontrol hanya satu tongkol. Percobaan pada tanamankelapa sawit di rumahkaca memperlihatkan bahwa bio-regulator tersebut menginduksi pertumbuhan vegetatifnyasecara signifikan, lebih baik daripada kontrol dengan atautanpa pupuk kimia. Intercropping tanaman kelapa sawitTBM dengan tanaman pangan seperti padi gogo ataujagung, diharapkan lebih menguntungkan bagi usahaperkebunan.AbstractBeing a tropical archipelago, Indonesia is rich withnatural resources enabling more production for food.Millions hectares of Indonesian lands is now planted withestate crops, perennial crops with relatively lengthenjuvenile phase mainly oil palm and rubber. Meanwhile,attempts to increase national food production have beenlimited by availability of fertile lands. Our researchexploring natural bioregulator capable of improving cropproductivity, found that Sargasum sp., a wild sea weedgrown mostly along the coast line in Indonesia, indicated itsability to improve the growth and productivity of crops likerice, maize, tomato and oil palm even though with nochemical fertilizers added. The experiment on upland rice oflocal variety Batutegi planted in greenhouse, demonstratedthe natural bioregulator has increased the rice productivityby at least 50% over the control. The experiment usingmaize var. Arjuna, the bioregulator treated plants has madetwo to three corncobs instead of only one corncob on thecontrol plants. The experiment on the oil palm grown in thenursery showed that the bioregulator has significantlyinduced vegetative growth better than the control with orwithout chemical fertilizers. Intercropping the food crops,rice or maize in the juvenile phase of the oil palmplantations, should be beneficial to the productivity of theplantation.
Pengaruh jenis penutup botol kultur terhadap pertumbuhan planlet kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Effect of different culture vessel closures on the growth of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) plantlets Masna Maya SINTA; Imron RIYADI; . UMARYONO
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 79 No. 1: 79 (1), 2011
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v79i1.68

Abstract

AbstractMicroenvironment inside the culture vessel such astemperature, light intensity, relative humidity, and aerationaffect growth and development of plantlets. This experimentwas conducted to determine the effect of different culturevessel closures on microenvironmental conditions inside thevessel and on growth of plantlets of oil palm. Shoots of oilpalm derived from somatic embryos were cultured on DFmedium for eight weeks in transparent culture bottlescovered with five different vessel closures e.i. screw cap withplastic wrap, screw cap, plastic wrap, aluminum foil, andautoclavable plastic. The culture vessels were placed in theculture room with light intensity 20 µmol/m 2 /sec for 12 hoursphotoperiod, at room temperature 26°C. Parametersobserved on plantlet growth were shoot height, biomass freshweight, leaf number, and leaf color grade, while onmicroenvironment were temperature and light intensity. Atthe end of experiment, the volume and fresh weight of theremaining medium were measured to determine evaporationrate of each treatment. Results show that the use of differentculture vessel closures affected the microenvironment insidethe vessel, the volume of the remaining medium, and thegrowth of the plantlets. The closure increased thetemperature by 1.6 – 2.6°C and decreased the light intensityby 1.7 – 8.7 µmol/m 2 /sec inside the culture vessels dependson the culture vessel closures. Culture vessels with aluminumfoil closure had the lowest temperature (28.9°C) and thelowest light intensity (10.8 µmol/m 2 /sec) gave the best resultin the growth of the plantlets. Better plantlets growth wasalso observed in the culture vessel with autoclavable plasticclosure that less expensive, therefore it can be used as analternative vessel closure for the growth of oil palm plantlets.AbstrakLingkungan mikro di dalam botol kultur seperti suhu,intensitas cahaya, kelembaban nisbi dan aerasi mem-pengaruhi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan planlet.Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruhpenggunaan penutup botol kultur yang berbeda terhadapkondisi lingkungan mikro di dalam botol kultur danpertumbuhan planlet kelapa sawit. Planlet kelapa sawit asalembrio somatik dikulturkan dalam botol kultur bening berisimedium DF selama delapan minggu dan ditutup mengguna-kan lima jenis penutup botol yang berbeda yaitu tutup ulirdengan plastik wrap, tutup ulir, plastik wrap, aluminium foildan plastik tahan diautoklaf. Kultur diletakkan dalam ruangkultur, di bawah lampu TL dengan intensitas cahaya20 µmol/m 2 /detik dan suhu ruang 26 o C. Parameterpertumbuhan planlet yang diamati adalah tinggi planlet,bobot basah, jumlah daun dan kelas warna daun, sedangkanlingkungan mikro adalah suhu dan intensitas cahaya. Padaakhir eksperimen, volume dan bobot basah medium yangtersisa diukur untuk mengetahui tingkat penguapan padasetiap perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwapenggunaan penutup botol yang berbeda berpengaruhterhadap lingkungan mikro, volume medium tersisa dalambotol kultur dan pertumbuhan planlet. Penutup botolmeningkatkan suhu 1,6 – 2,6 o C dan menurunkan intensitascahaya 1,7 – 8,7 µmol/m 2 /detik di dalam botol tergantungpada jenis penutup botol yang digunakan. Botol kulturdengan penutup berbahan aluminium foil mempunyaiintensitas cahaya terendah (10,8 µmol/m 2 /detik) dan suhuterendah (28,9 o C) memberikan hasil terbaik pada pembesaranplanlet kelapa sawit. Pertumbuhan planlet yang baik jugaterdapat pada botol kultur dengan penutup plastik tahandiautoklaf yang lebih murah, sehingga penutup ini dapatdigunakan sebagai pilihan untuk pembesaran planlet kelapasawit.
Optimasi produksi diasilgliserol dari crude palm oil menggunakan lipase spesifik 1,3-gliserida dari Rhizopus oryzae TP-2 Optimation of diacylglycerol production from crude palm oil using specific lipase of 1,3-glyceride from Rhizopus oryzae TP-2 . SUHARYANTO; . TRI-PANJI; Urip PERWITASARI
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 79 No. 1: 79 (1), 2011
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v79i1.69

Abstract

AbstractModern lifestyle caused the increasing prevalence ofobesity that precedes degenerative disease such as coronarycardiovascular disease, hypercholesterolemia, stroke, anddiabetes mellitus. Use of healthy oil in the daily food diet couldreduce the risk of the disease. One of healthy oils that proved tobe useful for human health is diacylglycerol (DAG).Unfortunately, production of DAG in Indonesia is hampered bythe relatively high price of the lipase enzyme. To overcome theprovision of costly imported lipase in producing DAG, aresearch was conducted by employing crude extract of lipaseenzyme from an indigenous mold namely Rhizopus oryzaeTP-2. Crude extract of lipase enzyme from mycelium culturefiltrate was freeze dryed and used for crude palm oil (CPO)bioconversion through glycerolysis at various processcondition. The objective of this research was to determineoptimum variable of temperature, incubation time, amount ofsubstrate and pH in producing DAG from CPO using lipase ofR. oryzae TP-2. The reseach result showed that lipase fromR. oryzae TP-2 was proved to be specific at position of 1,3-glyceride as indicated by glycerolysis products i.e DAG/TAGratio 0.48 higher than that of FFA/TAG ratio 0.06. Optimumconditions for glycerolysis were at temperature 37 o C, pH 7,3 g of CPO substrate, and 18 hours of incubation time. DAGyield by this optimum condition reach as much as 20.76 % w/w.The lipase derived from this experiment produced DAG betterthan that of using imported commercially lipase enzyme ofRhizomucor meihei.AbstrakGaya hidup modern telah menyebabkan meningkatnyakasus kegemukan yang berdampak timbulnya berbagaipenyakit degeneratif seperti jantung koroner, hiper-kolesterolemia, stroke dan diabetes mellitus. Penggunaanminyak sehat (healthy oil) sebagai menu diet sehari-hari dapatmengurangi faktor risiko penyakit tersebut. Salah satu jenisminyak sehat yang terbukti berdampak positif pada kesehatanmanusia adalah diasilgliserol (DAG). Sayangnya, produksiDAG di Indonesia terkendala oleh mahalnya enzim lipasespesifik 1,3-gliserida yang masih harus diimpor. Untukmengatasi mahalnya enzim lipase impor dalam produksi DAGdari CPO, penelitian penggunaan ekstrak kasar lipase darikapang lokal Rhizopus oryzae TP-2 telah dilakukan. Ekstrakkasar lipase dari filtrat kultur miselium R. oryzae TP-2dikeringbekukan dan digunakan untuk biokonversi CPOmelalui proses gliserolisis pada berbagai kondisi reaksi.Penelitian bertujuan menetapkan peubah suhu, waktu, jumlahsubstrat dan pH optimum dalam produksi DAG menggunakanlipase dari R. oryzae TP-2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkanbahwa enzim lipase R. oryzae TP-2 bersifat spesifik1,3-gliserida yang ditunjukkan oleh nisbah DAG/TAG, yaitu0,48 lebih besar dari nisbah ALB/TAG yaitu sebesar 0,06.Kondisi optimum untuk gliserolisis CPO adalah waktu inkubasiselama 18 jam, suhu reaksi 37°C, jumlah substrat CPO 3 g, danpH reaksi 7. Hasil DAG pada kondisi optimum gliserolisisadalah 20,76 %. (b/b). Lipase R. oryzae TP-2 yang digunakandalam penelitian ini menghasilkan DAG lebih tinggi dari padalipase impor asal Rhizomucor meihei.
Pemurnian diasilgliserol dari produk gliserolisis minyak sawit mentah dengan kromatografi kolom Purification of diacylglycerol from glycerolysis products of crude palm oil using column chromatography . TRI-PANJI; . SUHARYANTO; Urip PERWITASAR
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 79 No. 1: 79 (1), 2011
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v79i1.71

Abstract

AbstractVegetable oil enriched with diacylglycerol (DAG) isknown as healthy oil. This oil is much more expensive thancooking oil. Production of DAG could be performed byglycerolysis process of CPO using specific lipase of 1,3-glyceride from Rhizopus oryzae mold. Product derived fromglycerolysis process of CPO is a mixture of DAG, mono-acylglycerol (MAG), free fatty acid (FFA) and residual ofunglycerolysed triacylglyserol (TAG). Therefore the DAGproduct has to be isolated from other components in order toget high purity of DAG. The objective of the research was topurify and to find out optimal concentration of DAG derivedfrom a mixture product of CPO glycerolysis at laboratoryscale experiment (total reactant for glycerolysis was93.8 mL) and semipilot scale experiment (10 times oflaboratory scale) using column chromatography with silicagel as stationary phase. The research showed that thehighest DAG content could be collected at fraction of 26 th i.e65%, while at semipilot scale experiment the highest contentof DAG (97%) was achieved at 64 to 66th fraction.Reglycerolysis of residual CPO only yielded 8.24%glycerolysis product which was much lower than that of thefirst glycerolysis reaching 46.67%. The highest DAG derivedfrom the second reglycerolysis product was achieved at 24 thfraction reaching 35.71 % .AbstrakMinyak nabati kaya kandungan diasilgliserol (DAG)dikenal sebagai minyak sehat (healthy oil). Minyak ini jauhlebih mahal dari minyak makan biasa. Produksi DAG dapatdilakukan dengan proses gliserolisis CPO menggunakanenzim lipase spesifik 1,3-gliserida dari kapang Rhizopusoryzae. Produk gliserolisis CPO triasilgliserol adalahcampuran DAG, monoasilgliserol (MAG) dan asam lemakbebas (ALB) serta residu triasilgliserol (TAG) yang tidaktergliserolisis. Oleh karena itu DAG yang terbentuk harusdipisahkan dari komponen lainnya agar diperoleh fraksi DAGdengan kemurnian tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmemurnikan dan menetapkan konsentrasi DAG yang dapatdiperoleh dari gliserolisis CPO skala lab (total reaktan93,8 mL) dan skala semipilot (10 kali skala laboratorium)dengan kromatografi kolom menggunakan fase padat silikagel. Residu TAG dari gliserolisis pertama digunakan untukgliserolisis kedua atau gliserolisis ulang. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa fraksi DAG dengan konsentrasitertinggi diperoleh pada fraksi ke-26 yaitu sebesar 65%,sedangkan pada percobaan dengan skala semipilot (10 kaliskala laboratorium) diketahui bahwa konsentrasi DAGtertinggi (97%) diperoleh pada fraksi ke-64 sampai denganke-66. Gliserolisis kedua dari residu CPO hanya mampumenghidrolisis TAG menjadi campuran DAG, MAG danALB sekitar 8,24%, lebih kecil dari reaksi gliserolisispertama yaitu sebesar 46,67%. DAG tertinggi yang berhasildikumpulkan dari produk gliserolisis kedua adalah padafraksi ke-24 yaitu sebesar 35,71% .
Analisis keragaman genetik Ganoderma spp. yang berasosiasi dengan tanaman kakao dan tanaman pelindungnya menggunakan Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Genetic diversity analysis of Ganoderma spp. associated with cocoa and its shade trees using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Hayati MINARSIH; Dyah LINGGA NP; TW DARMONO DARMONO; Elis Nina HERLIYANA
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 79 No. 1: 79 (1), 2011
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v79i1.72

Abstract

AbstractInformation on genetic diversity of Ganoderma spp.causing root rot disease in crops is important to developa proper strategy for the control of Ganoderma disease. Theobjectives of this research were to study the genetic diversityof Ganoderma spp. associated with cacao and its shade trees(Albazia faltacaria, Swietenia mahogani, Adenatheramicrosperma and Leucaena leucocephala) by randomamplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Fourty fivesamples of Ganoderma spp. were used in this research. Theresults showed that DNA amplification using 10 arbitraryoligonucleotide primers produced 220 DNA fragmentsshowing polymorphisms. The cluster analysis showed that 45number of Ganoderma samples had a high variability with thecoefficient value ranged from 0.71 to 0.91. Further analysisusing Winboot software showed that three groups ofGanoderma spp. had a high degree of confidence (>50 %),which were Ganoderma samples from sengon (Paraserianthessp.) of Tasikmalaya, sengon (Paraserianthes sp.) ofPalembang, and mahogany of Jember; whereas the othergroups of samples had a low degree of confidence (<50%).AbstrakInformasi tentang keragaman genetik Ganoderma spp.sebagai penyebab penyakit busuk akar pada tanamanperkebunan sangat diperlukan untuk menerapkan strategiyang tepat dalam upaya perlindungan tanaman perkebunan.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman genetikGanoderma spp. yang berasosiasi dengan tanaman kakao dantanaman pelindungnya (sengon, mahoni, saga dan lamtoro)dari berbagai wilayah di Indonesia menggunakan penandamolekuler random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD).Sebanyak 45 sampel Ganoderma spp digunakan dalampenelitian ini. Amplifikasi DNA dengan 10 primer terpilihmenghasilkan 220 fragmen DNA yang menunjukkan adanyapolimorfisme. Hasil analisis menunjukkan adanya keragamanyang cukup tinggi di antara sampel Ganoderma spp. daripohon inang dan wilayah yang berbeda, dengan nilaikoefisien 0,71-0,91. Berdasarkan analisis bootstrapdiketahui bahwa tiga kelompok sampel Ganoderma spp.memiliki tingkat kepercayaan yang tinggi (>50 %) yaitukelompok Ganoderma spp. yang berasosiasi dengan pohonsengon asal Tasikmalaya, sengon Palembang, dan mahoniJember; sedangkan pengelompokan lainnya menunjukkmenunjukkan tingkat kepercayaan yang rendah (<50 %).
Sekuen Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) DNA ribosomal Oncobasidium theobromae dan jamur sekerabat pembanding Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) sequences of ribosomal DNA Oncobasidium theobromae and other related fungi as comparison Agustin Sri MULYATNI; Achmadi PRIYATMOJO; Agus PURWANTARA
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 79 No. 1: 79 (1), 2011
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v79i1.75

Abstract

AbstractThe objective of this research was to sequence ITSregion from ribosomal DNA of Oncobasidium theobromae,and to compare the sequences to the isolates from Vietnamand Malaysia, and also to identify other related fungi speciesbased on the homology of the ITS region. O. theobromae wasisolated from three cocoa plantations in Indonesia that wereJember, Kendari, and Makasar. DNA was isolated from thefungal mycelia, and then amplified using ITS-4 and ITS-5primers, resulted in DNA fragments of 600 bp and 700 bpfor the isolate from Jember, 600 bp for the isolate fromKendari, and 700 bp for the isolate from Makasar. All of thefragments were successfully sequenced, except for 600 bpfragment of the isolate from Jember. The homology analysisusing BLAST was confirmed that ITS sequencesO. theobromae from Jember was homolog with Rhizoctoniasp. and Ceratobasidium sp., whereas isolate from Kendariwas homolog with Botryosphaeria sp. and isolate fromMakasar was homolog with Mycorrhizal basidiomycetes. Thesequences were then compared to the sequences ofO. theobromae from Vietnam and Malaysia. Phylogeneticanalyses using Clustal W program indicated thatO. theobrome from Indonesia which is represented byisolates from Jember showed higher degree of similarity toisolates from Vietnam. On the contrary, isolates fromIndonesia showed lower degree of similarity to isolates fromMalaysia.AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sekuen daerahITS dari DNA ribosomal jamur Oncobasidium theobromae,dan membandingkannya dengan sekuen jamur O. theobromaeyang berasal dari Malaysia dan Vietnam, serta untukmengidentifikasi spesies lain yang merupakan kerabat dekatO. theobromae dengan berdasarkan kemiripan sekuenITSnya. Isolat jamur O. theobromae diisolasi dari tiga lokasiperkebunan kakao di Indonesia yaitu Jember, Kendari danMakasar. DNA diisolasi dari miselium jamur. Amplifikasidaerah ITS menggunakan primer ITS-4 dan ITS-5menghasilkan fragmen 600 bp dan 700 bp untuk isolatJember, 600 bp untuk isolat Kendari dan 700 bp untuk isolatMakasar. Semua fragmen berhasil disekuensing kecualifragmen Jember 600 bp. Analisis homologi menggunakanBLAST menunjukkan fragmen isolat Jember 700 bpmemiliki homologi tertinggi dengan Rhizoctonia sp. danCeratobasidium sp., isolat Kendari 600 bp homolog denganBotryosphaeria sp., dan isolat Makasar homolog denganMycorrhizal basidiomycetes. Hasil sekuen tersebut kemudiandibandingkan dengan sekuen daerah ITS O.theobromae dariMalaysia dan Vietnam untuk mengetahui hubungankekerabatannya. Analisis kekerabatan menggunakan programClustal W menunjukkan O. theobromae dari Indonesia yangdiwakili oleh isolat Jember berkerabat dekat dengan isolatVietnam, akan tetapi tidak dengan isolat Malaysia.
Identification of volatile organic compound of oil palm plants infected with Ganoderma sp. Irma Kresnawaty; Agustin Sri Mulyatni; Deden Dewantara Eris; Tri Panji; Happy Widiastuti; Kuwat Triyana
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 92 No. 1 (2024): 92(1), 2024
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v92i1.534

Abstract

The success of controlling basal stem rot (BSR) disease caused by Ganoderma sp. is mostly determined by the early detection of the fungi. Hence, when the signs of infection begin to appear, plants are generally difficult to rescue since the pathogen infection has spread widely to all parts of the plant. Therefore, early detection through the application of biosensors for Ganoderma sp. infection is absolutely necessary. This study aim was to identify biomarker compounds of Ganoderma sp. infection in oil palm plants with GC-MS for volatile compounds, and LC-MS for non-volatile compounds. The results showed that Ganoderma sp. mycelium produced pyrimidinamine compounds. Meanwhile in early infected nursery plants, were found benzo[h]quinoline, hexaoxa-7,9,11-trisilaheptad, tris-(trimethyl-silyl ester and methyl-tris(trimethyl-siloxy)-silane). Whereas in Bekri, Rejosari, and Adolina plantation, the compound methyl-tris(trimethyl-siloxy)-silane was also found in healthy mature plants. GC-MS test results showed that for early, moderate and severe plants produced several benzene derivative compounds such as ethylbenzene, xylene, and benzaldehyde. These compounds were assumed to be resulted from the breakdown of the lignin structure which build plant cell walls, and have potency to be used as marker compounds for early infected Ganoderma sp. detection. The result of the produced gas quantification concluded that in the produced oil palm plants released less CO2 compared to healthy plants. On the other hand, the NH3 produced was higher than the healthy plants. Meanwhile, two non-volatile compounds were found  that  they  were  only  produced  by  infected trunk and root tissue, namely pseudobrucine and picrasidine.
The effect of chitin on the effectiveness of Beauveria bassiana formulation product to control cocoa pod borer in vitro Eka Nurhangga; Winda Nawfetrias; Nailulkamal Djamas; Akhmad Jufri
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 92 No. 1 (2024): 92(1), 2024
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v92i1.550

Abstract

Fungal entomopathogens are suggested to be used as a bioinsecticide due to their biological persistence and ecological friendliness. Beauveria bassiana is an entomopathogenic fungus that can effectively control insect pests, including cocoa pod borer. This study aims to determine the level of effectivity of the B. bassiana (Bb) formulation product from Palu against cocoa pod borer pupae in vitro . This research used a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of two factors: conidia concentrations and chitin treatments, which were repeated thrice. The conidia concentrations consisted of two levels, that were 106 and 107 conidia/mL. The chitin treatment included seven treatments: isolate from Kediri without formulation with chitin (Bb-K), isolate from Palu without formulation with chitin (Bb-P0), four formulations of isolates from Palu with the addition of chitin to various growth media (Bb-P1, Bb-P2, Bb-P3, and Bb-P4), and control (without Bb suspension). Bb-P0 and Bb-P2 treatments at a concentration of 107conidia/mL began to colonize CPB on the third day after the treatment application, while the other formulations started on the fifth day. However, Bb-P0 showed the lowest infection rate at the end of the observation. Contrarily, the data on the pupa-infected ratio showed that the Bb-P2 treatment was the highest compared to other treatments. It conformed to the adult emergence ratio that Bb-P2 exhibited the lowest, which means Bb-P2 has the most virulence of other formula. The result showed that PDA and PDB media-supplemented chitin was the most effective for culturing B. bassiana origin Palu before mass production.
Freeze drying technology and its impact on the characteristics of kopyor coconut flesh Faleh Setia Budi; Alyssa Nesiananda; Azis Boing Sitanggang
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 92 No. 1 (2024): 92(1), 2024
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v92i1.555

Abstract

Kopyor coconut is one of Indonesia's origin germplasms that has a high economic value. Theflesh of the kopyor coconuts is quickly damaged characterized by rancidity due to the presence of microorganisms. This study aimed to investigate the effect of blanching and freeze-drying processes, considering the factors of drying duration and pressure, on the quality of kopyor coconut Flesh. The kopyor coconuts used in this studywere obtained from Ciomas Plantation IOPRI Bogor Unit, Bogor, West Java. The kopyor coconut flesh was grouped into two categories: one treated with steam blanching at 100 °C for 10 min and the other without blanching treatment. Freeze-drying processes were carried out for 12, 24, 48, and 72 h and at absolute pressures of 0.01 and 0.05 mbar. The characteristics observed were the moisture content, pH, whiteness index,and free fatty acids content (FFA).The combining of steam blanching and freeze-drying process for 48 h and a pressure of 0.01 mbar was the best treatment. The dried product had uniform texture with moisture content of 5.31%, whiteness index of 89.67%, pH of 7,04 and free fatty acid of 0,51%. These values indicated that the quality of dried fruit complied with the Indonesian standard of dried fruit quality (SNI 3710:2018).
In silico phylogenetic, physicochemical, and structural characteristics of phytase enzyme from ten Aspergillus species Ridwan Putra Firmansyah; Shobiroh Nuur Alimah; I Made Artika; Popi Asri Kurniatin
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 92 No. 1 (2024): 92(1), 2024
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v92i1.559

Abstract

Phytic acid is a chemical compound consisting of inositol and phosphoric acid and is an antinutrient compound found in monogastric poultry feed ingredients made from cereal crops. Phytase hydrolyzes phosphoester bonds in phytic acid, releasing inorganic phosphate and phosphate esters. Aspergillus is a genus of molds that produce phytase and has been widely used in phytase production because they are easy to culture. This study aims to compare the structures, physicochemical characteristics, and phylogenetic relationships of phytases from several species of Aspergillus in silico as an initial screening step in obtaining the most suitable phytase to be used in poultry feed. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using MEGA 11 and physicochemical characteristics were analyzed using ProtParam. Protein structures were modeled with AlphaFold. The phytase structures were then docked with phytic acid using the YASARA Structure. The results showed that phytase 1QFX from Aspergillus niger, P34755 from A. awamori, and D5HQ11 from A. ficuum have very high similarity in terms of phylogenetics, sequences, physicochemical characteristics, and protein structures. The docking results from the three phytase structures showed that phytase 1QFX has the most negative ΔG value and the lowest Kd, which indicated the highest affinity to the phytic acid substrate. This research concludes that among the three phytase structures that have been compared and docked with phytic acid, phytase 1QFX from A. niger is the most suitable to be applied to poultry feed.

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