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Menara Perkebunan

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Published by Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit

ISSN : 01259318 EISSN : 18583768 DOI : -

Core Subject : Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry

Menara Perkebunan as a communication medium for research in estate crops published articles covering original research result on the pre- and post-harvest biotechnology of estate crops. The contents of the articles should be directed for solving the problems of production and/or processing of estate crops of smallholder, private plantations and state-owned estates, based on the three dedications of plantation. Analyses of innovative research methods and techniques in biotechnology, which are important for advancing agricultural research. Critical scientific reviews of research result in agricultural and estate biotechnology.

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 541 Documents

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Respons awal pemberian biostimulan Orgamin pada kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) di Kebun Marjandi PTPN IV Early response of Orgamin biostimulan application in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) at PTPN IV Marjandi plantation Soekarno Mismana PUTRA; Djoko SANTOSO; Happy WIDIASTUTI; A. H. SARAGIH SARAGIH; M. A. GHONI GHONI; B. MARAHIMIN MARAHIMIN; K. PANJAITAN PANJAITAN
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 81, No 1: Juni 2013
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

AbstractEffort to increase the production of oil palm can beconducted through application of plant growth regulator(PGR). Orgamin biostimulan is a natural PGR formulathat has been tested to improve the vegetative growths ofcorn and oil palm in the glass house. Assessment ofOrgamin and Orgamin plus (Orgamin + micro nutrient)applications at commercial scale was carried out inMarjandi oil palm plantation of PTPN IV usingrandomized block design with three treatments, i.e. K =100% recommended dose of inorganic fertilizer(control), O= Orgamin (1.5 kg/tree) + 50% dose ofinorganic fertilizer, OP = Orgamin plus (1.5 kg/tree)without inorganic fertilizer. The parameters ofobservation at 2.5 months after the treatments were soiland leaf nutrient contents (N, P, K, Mg), percentage offemale flower, mesocarp oil content, and harvested freshfruit bunches (FFB). The observation showed that therewas an increased in oil yield, weight of FFB and leafnutrient content, while the percentage of female flowerand nutrient content of soil were not significantlydifferent compared to the control.AbstrakUpaya untuk meningkatkan produksi kelapa sawitdapat dilakukan antara lain melalui pemberian zatpengatur tumbuh (ZPT). Biostimulan Orgamin merupa-kan formula ZPT alami yang telah diuji di rumah kacapada tanaman jagung dan bibit kelapa sawit. Uji cobaaplikasi Orgamin dan Orgamin plus (Orgamin yangdiperkaya hara mikro) pada skala lapang dilakukan dikebun kelapa sawit Marjandi PTPN IV denganmenggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) untukmenguji tiga perlakuan, yaitu 1) K (kontrol) = 100%dosis anjuran pupuk kimia (APK = kontrol), 2) O = 50%dosis APK + Orgamin (1,5 kg/pohon), 3) OP = Orgaminplus (1,5 kg/pohon) tanpa pupuk kimia. Peubah yangdiamati pada 2,5 bulan setelah perlakuan adalah kan-dungan hara tanah dan daun (N, P, K, Mg), persentasebunga betina, rendemen minyak mesokarp, dan produksitandan buah segar (TBS). Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan terdapat peningkatan rendemen minyak, bobotTBS dan kandungan hara daun, sedangkan persentasebunga betina dan kandungan hara tanah tidak menunjuk-kan perbedaan yang nyata antara perlakuan dan kontrol.

Direct somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in tea by temporary liquid immersion Embriogenesis somatik langsung dan regenerasi tanaman teh melalui perendaman sesaat J S TAHARDI; Tatik RAISAWATI; Imron RIYADI; W A DODD
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 68, No 1: Juni 2000
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Ringkasan Perbanyakan tanaman teh [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] melalui stek tunas berdaun tunggal hanya dapat menghasilkan klon unggul dalam jumlah terbatas. Oleh sebab itu diperlukan metode alternatif dengan teknik kultur sel dan jaringan untuk perbanyakan klonal secara cepat. Dalam penelitian ini dikembangkan metode yang lebih efektif untuk regenerasi tanaman teh melalui embriogenesis somatik langsung. Massa proembriogenik dari eksplan kotiledon dihasilkan dengan frekuensi 56,7% dalam media MS padat setengah konsentrasi yang mengandung BAP 2 mg1L. Proliferasi, perkembangan, pendewasaan dan perkecambahan embrio somatik diperoleh dengan sistem perendaman sesaat (SPS) yang menggunakan media MS cair setengah konsentrasi, yang diperkaya dengan zat pengatur tumbuh dengan berbagai konsentrasi. Proliferasi embrio meningkat 4,3 kali dalam media yang diberi BAP 2 mglL; perkembangan dan pendewasaannya meningkat dengan penambahan kinetin dan ABA masing-masing pada konsentrasi 0,1 mg1L yang 30% diantaranya berkecambah dan membentuk planlet tanpa penambahan zat pengatur tumbuh. Protokol SPS tersebut merupakan sistem in vitro yang berpotensi bagi proliferasi dan perkembangan embrio somatik tanaman teh yang cepat dan sinkron dari kultur kotiledon, serta regenerasinya menjadi planlet tanpa melalui fase kalus.Summary Tea propagation by single-leaf bud cuttings has limited applications for rapid dissemination of planting materials from new elite clones. An alternative method for rapid cloning by cell and tissue culture technique is necessary. In this study we have established an improved method for tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] plant regeneration via direct somatic embryogenesis. Clumps of proembryogenic masses were initiated at a frequency of 56.7% from cotyledonary slices cultured on a half-strength MS agar-gelled medium supplemented with 2 mg/L BAP. Proliferation, development, maturation and germination of somatic embryos were achieved using the temporary immersion system (TIS) provided with halfstrength MS liquid media supplemented with varying concentrations of growth regulators. Embryo proliferation increased by 4.3-fold in medium provided with 2 mg/L BAP; their development and maturation were enhanced by the presence of both kinetin and ABA at 0.1 mg/L each. Germination and plant recovery were achieved at a frequency of about 30% without the use of growth regulators. The TIS protocol described above represents an in vitro system potential for rapid proliferation and synchronized development of tea somatic embryos from cotyledon cultures, and their regeneration into plantlets without an intervening callus phase.

Immuno-chemiluminescense detection of allergenic proteins from rubber gloves and natural rubber latex Deteksi protein allergen secara imunokimia dari sarung tangan dan lateks karet alam . Siswanto
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 83, No 1: Juni 2015
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

AbstrakLateks alam maupun produk jadi yang berasal dari karet alam diketahui mengandung protein alergen. Namun demikian identifikasi jenis protein allergen belum banyak dilaporkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeteksi protein alergen dari sarung tangan dan lateks karet alam menggunakan metode immuno-chemiluminescense. Protein di-ekstrak dari tiga fraksi sentrifugasi lateks (serum B, serum C dan partikel karet) serta tujuh jenis sarung tangan komersial, kemudian dipisahkan berdasarkan berat molekulnya melalui Gel elektroforesis 1-D (SDS PAGE) dan 2-D. Selanjutnya untuk deteksi protein allergen secara immuno-chemiluminescense dilaku-kan imunobloting menggunakan serum Ig_E tiga pasien yang terbukti positif alergi terhadap protein asal sarung tangan lateks, kemudian diwarnai dengan Sypro Ruby protein blot fluorescence. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan hasil analisis Western blot one-DE sampel protein lateks menggunakan serum tiga orang tenaga medis yang terbukti positif alergi terhadap protein lateks, maka dapat diidentifikasi 14 jenis protein alergen pada sarung tangan lateks, empat diantaranya merupakan pita major yaitu Berat Molekul (BM) 35, 38, 46 dan 56 kDa. Protein allergen pada sarung tangan tersebut kemungkinan berasal dari bagian C-serum terutama protein BM 46 dan 56 kDa ataupun campuran antara C-serum dan B-serum dari lateks karet alam. Hal ini dibuktikan bahwa dari sampel C-serum lateks dapat teridentifikasi 12 protein alergen, empat diantaranya merupakan pita major yaitu BM 42, 46, 51 dan 56 kDa. Sedangkan dari sampel B-serum teridenti-fikasi tiga pita major dengan BM 14, 16 and 51 kDa. Hasil analisis Western blot 2-DE ekstrak protein sarung tangan menggunakan serum tiga orang tenaga medis yang terbukti positif alergi terhadap protein lateks, maka dapat diidentifikasi 12 - 13 spot protein alergen dengan pI at 4.0 to 7.0 dan yang paling dominan adalah dengan BM 23, 35, 38, 42, 45, 46 kDa.Abstract Natural rubber latex and finished products derived from natural rubber is known to contain allergenic proteins. Nevertheless identification of allergenic protein has not been widely reported. This study aims to detect the protein allergens from the glove of hands and natural rubber latex using immuno-chemiluminescense. Proteins extracted from the latex centrifugation three fractions (serum B, serum C and rubber particles) as well as seven types of commercial gloves, then separated by molecular weight through 1-D gel electrophoresis (SDS PAGE) and 2-D. Furthermore, for the detection of allergen proteins in immuno-chemiluminescense performed immunoblotting using the serum IgE three patients who tested positive for allergy to latex gloves native protein, and then stained with fluorescence Sypro Ruby protein blot. The results showed that based on the results of Western blot analysis of one-DE latex proteins using serum samples three medical personnels who tested positive for allergy to latex proteins, we can identify 14 types of protein allergens in latex gloves, four of which are major bands that having Molecular Weight (MW) 35, 38, 46 and 56 kDa. Protein allergen on the gloves are likely to come from the C-serum protein mainly MW 46 and 56 kDa, or a mixture of C-serum and B-serum of natural rubber latex. It was proved that from C-serum samples could be identified as many as 12 protein latex allergens, four of which were major bands that MW 42, 46, 51 and 56 kDa. While the B-serum samples identified three major bands with MW 14, 16 and 51 kDa. Results of Western blot analysis of 2-DE protein extracts glove using the serum three medical personnel who tested positive for allergy to latex proteins, it could be identified 12-13 allergen protein spot with pI at 4.0 to 7.0 and most dominant is the MW 23, 35, 38, 42, 45, 46kDa.

Pemurnian diasilgliserol dari produk gliserolisis minyak sawit mentah dengan kromatografi kolom Purification of diacylglycerol from glycerolysis products of crude palm oil using column chromatography . TRI-PANJI; . SUHARYANTO; Urip PERWITASAR
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 79, No 1: Juni 2011
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

AbstractVegetable oil enriched with diacylglycerol (DAG) isknown as healthy oil. This oil is much more expensive thancooking oil. Production of DAG could be performed byglycerolysis process of CPO using specific lipase of 1,3-glyceride from Rhizopus oryzae mold. Product derived fromglycerolysis process of CPO is a mixture of DAG, mono-acylglycerol (MAG), free fatty acid (FFA) and residual ofunglycerolysed triacylglyserol (TAG). Therefore the DAGproduct has to be isolated from other components in order toget high purity of DAG. The objective of the research was topurify and to find out optimal concentration of DAG derivedfrom a mixture product of CPO glycerolysis at laboratoryscale experiment (total reactant for glycerolysis was93.8 mL) and semipilot scale experiment (10 times oflaboratory scale) using column chromatography with silicagel as stationary phase. The research showed that thehighest DAG content could be collected at fraction of 26 th i.e65%, while at semipilot scale experiment the highest contentof DAG (97%) was achieved at 64 to 66th fraction.Reglycerolysis of residual CPO only yielded 8.24%glycerolysis product which was much lower than that of thefirst glycerolysis reaching 46.67%. The highest DAG derivedfrom the second reglycerolysis product was achieved at 24 thfraction reaching 35.71 % .AbstrakMinyak nabati kaya kandungan diasilgliserol (DAG)dikenal sebagai minyak sehat (healthy oil). Minyak ini jauhlebih mahal dari minyak makan biasa. Produksi DAG dapatdilakukan dengan proses gliserolisis CPO menggunakanenzim lipase spesifik 1,3-gliserida dari kapang Rhizopusoryzae. Produk gliserolisis CPO triasilgliserol adalahcampuran DAG, monoasilgliserol (MAG) dan asam lemakbebas (ALB) serta residu triasilgliserol (TAG) yang tidaktergliserolisis. Oleh karena itu DAG yang terbentuk harusdipisahkan dari komponen lainnya agar diperoleh fraksi DAGdengan kemurnian tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmemurnikan dan menetapkan konsentrasi DAG yang dapatdiperoleh dari gliserolisis CPO skala lab (total reaktan93,8 mL) dan skala semipilot (10 kali skala laboratorium)dengan kromatografi kolom menggunakan fase padat silikagel. Residu TAG dari gliserolisis pertama digunakan untukgliserolisis kedua atau gliserolisis ulang. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa fraksi DAG dengan konsentrasitertinggi diperoleh pada fraksi ke-26 yaitu sebesar 65%,sedangkan pada percobaan dengan skala semipilot (10 kaliskala laboratorium) diketahui bahwa konsentrasi DAGtertinggi (97%) diperoleh pada fraksi ke-64 sampai denganke-66. Gliserolisis kedua dari residu CPO hanya mampumenghidrolisis TAG menjadi campuran DAG, MAG danALB sekitar 8,24%, lebih kecil dari reaksi gliserolisispertama yaitu sebesar 46,67%. DAG tertinggi yang berhasildikumpulkan dari produk gliserolisis kedua adalah padafraksi ke-24 yaitu sebesar 35,71% .

Kultur akar rambut in vitro serta pemanfaatan kultur ganda untuk pertumbuhan dan perkembangan endomikoriza (Gigaspora sp. dan Acaulospora sp.) Hairy root culture in vitro and the application of dual culture for growth and development of endomycorrhiza ( Gigaspora sp. and Acaulospora sp.) Nurita TORUAN-MATHIUS; . SITI-CHALIMAH; . MUHADIONO; Latifah AZNAM; Said HARAN
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 75, No 1: Juni 2007
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

SummaryArbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi areecologically important for most vascular plantsfor their growth and survival. AM fungi areobligate symbions, and conventionally propa-gated by pot culture with a certain host plants.This papers describes the establishment ofmonoxenic cultures of Gigaspora sp. andAcaulospora sp in association with excised RiT-DNA transformed carrot roots and tomatoin vitro plants. Spores of Gigaspora sp. andAcaulospora sp. was cultured in monoxenictomato, carrot and hairy root of carrot in vitrocultures. The objectives of these studies were toobtained dual culture ( axenic and hairy root)for germination, sporulation, and infection ofGigaspora sp. and Acaulospora sp. Theresearch consisted of (i) host plant selectionwith high compatibility for hairy rootformation, (ii) media selection for potato andcarrot hairy root culture, (iii) hairy root ofGranola potato and carrot in dual culture, and(iv) germination, sporulation, and infection ofGigaspora sp. and Acaulospora sp. in vitroculture. The results showed that hairy rootsinduction were obtained from Granola,Atlantik potato and carrot in MS, B5 andWhite media. Granola, Atlantik potato andcarrot hairy root grow well in MS and Whitemedium, respectively. In dual culture media(MM media) hairy root of carrot grow well, buthairy root of Granola potato were inhibited.Germination, sporulation of Gigaspora sp.and Acaulospora sp. and root infection byboth CMA could be maintained in dual culturewith host carrot, tomato plants and carrothairy root culture in MM mediaRingkasanCendawan Arbuskular Mikoriza (CMA)secara ekologi berperan penting untuk ke-langsungan hidup tanaman. CMA adalahsimbion obligat, dan secara konvensional di-perbanyak dengan kultur pot menggunakantanaman inang tertentu. Tulisan ini menjelas-kan kultur monoksenik Gigaspora sp. danAcaulospora sp. berasosiasi dengan kultur akarrambut tanaman wortel dan tomat yangdiinokulasi dengan Ri T-DNA. Spora dariGigaspora sp. dan Acaulospora sp. dikultur-kan secara monoksenik in vitro dengantanaman tomat, wortel dan kultur akar rambutwortel. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untukmendapatkan kultur ganda (aksenik dan akarrambut) untuk perkecambahan, sporulasi, daninfeksi Gigaspora sp. dan Acaulospora sp.Penelitian terdiri atas (i) seleksi tanaman inangdengan tingkat kompatibilitas tinggi untukpembentukan akar rambut, (ii) seleksi mediumuntuk kultur akar rambut wortel, (iii) akarrambut kentang Granola dan kultur gandawortel, dan (iv) perkecambahan, sporulasi,serta infeksi Gigaspora sp. dan Acaulosporasp. dalam kultur in vitro. Hasil yang diperolehmenunjukkan bahwa induksi kultur akarrambut diperoleh dari kentang Granola,Atlantik dan wortel dalam medium MS, B5 danWhite. Akar rambut kentang Granola, Atlantikdan wortel tumbuh baik dalam medium MSdan White. Akar rambut kentang dapat tumbuhbaik dalam medium kultur ganda, yaitumedium MM. Sebaliknya pertumbuhan kulturakar rambut kentang dalam medium yang samamengalami hambatan. Perkecambahan, sporu-lasi Gigaspora sp. maupun Acaulospora sp..serta infeksi akar oleh kedua jenis CMA dapatdilakukan dalam kultur ganda dengan tanamaninang wortel, tanaman kentang serta dengankultur akar rambut wortel dalam medium MM.

Keefektifan Agrobacterium mentransfer gen P5CS ke dalam kalus tebu klon PS 851 Effectiveness of Agrobacterium to transfer P5CS gene into sugarcane callus PS 851 clone Niyyah FITRANTY; F NURILMALA; Djoko SANTOSO; Hayati MINARSIH
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 71, No 1: Juni 2003
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Summary Transformation of a P5CS gene construct into plant cells coupled with regeneration for transgenic plantlets should develop sugarcane tolerant to drought stress. The purpose of the research is to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of Agrobacterium transferring the gene into sugarcane callus. In this method, recombinant plasmid of pBI-P5CS could be transferred into host cells of Agrobacterium LBA4404 through triparental mating with pRK2013 helper. The parameters were tested to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of Agrobacterium transferring the gene into sugarcane callus were the addition of antioxidant and 1.0% glucose, callus age (2, 3, and 4 weeks), medium pH (4.5; 5.0; and 5.6), treated with air dry for 30 minutes, wetting agent of silwet with and without short vacuum treatment, and acetosyringone consentration (100, 500, and 1000 mg/L). Identification of the transgene in sugarcane was conducted by PCR using spesific primers, and the expression was tested by measuring of the proline content. The result showed that addition of acetosyringone 100 ppm or more, P5CS transfer into the sugarcane explants by Agrobacterium was effective. The genetic transformation could be optimized by selecting proper age of calli, which was four weeks after sub-culture. The effectiveness could be maintained and slightly improved by inoculation at pH 4.5, addition 1.0% glucose, wetting agent of silwet with short vacuum treatment, or treated with air drying for 30 minutes. In vitro cultures for transgenic regeneration required addition of antioxidant to prevent browning in the culture media. The amplified DNA fragment demonstrated that the gene was transferred into sugarcane plantlets, and P5CS gene expression showed increasing proline content in transgenic sugarcane plantlets.Ringkasan Transformasi transgen P5CS yang diikuti dengan regenerasi tanaman transgeniknya diper-kirakan mampu menghasilkan tanaman tebu transgenik yang toleran terhadap cekaman kekeringan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk me-ningkatkan efektivitas dan efisiensi Agro-bacterium mentransfer gen P5CS ke dalam kalus tebu. Dalam metode ini, plasmid rekombinan pBI-P5CS berhasil dengan baik ditransformasi-kan ke dalam sel. Agrobacterium LBA4404 dengan pendekatan triparental mating meng-gunakan helper pRK2013. Parameter yang diuji untuk meningkatkan kondisi efektif dan efisien dalam transfer gen P5CSke dalam kalus tebu adalah penambahan antioksidan dan glukosa 1,0%, umur kalus (2, 3, dan 4 minggu), pH medium (4,5; 5,0; dan 5,6), pengeringan kalus 30 menit, bahan pembasah silwet tanpa dan dengan pemakuman, dan konsentrasi aseto-siringon (100, 500, dan 1000 mg/L). Pengujian keberadaan transgen P5CS dilakukan dengan PCR menggunakan primer spesifik, sedangkan ekspresinya diuji dengan mengukur kandungan prolin dari tanaman tebu. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa dengan penambahan asetosiringon 100 ppm atau lebih, penggunaan Agrobacterium terbukti efektif dan efisien dalam transfer konstruk transgen P5CS ke dalam eksplan kalus tebu. Transformasi dapat dioptimalkan dengan memilih eksplan kalus tebu yang baik, yaitu yang umur subkulturnya empat minggu. Efektivitasnya juga dapat dijaga atau sedikit ditingkatkan dengan inokulasi pH 4,5, penambahan glukosa 1,0%, bahan pembasah silwet dengan pemakuman, ataupun pemberian perlakuan pengeringan udara selama 30 menit. Kultur kalus transgenik memerlukan penambahan antioksidan untuk mencegah terjadinya pen-cokelatan. Adanya fragmen DNA hasil amplifikasi dengan primer spesifik P5CS menunjukkan pada tanaman tebu telah terdapat gen P5CS. Demikian pula dengan ekspresi gen P5CS, menunjukkan adanya peningkatan kandungan prolin pada tanaman tebu transgenik.

Kloning dan karakterisasi gen penyandi inhibitor proteinase dari kulit buah kakao Cloning and characterization of gene encoding proteinase inhibitor of cacao pod wall Mayta Novaliza ISDA; Musliar KASIM; . MANSYURDIN; Tetty CHAIDAMSARI; Djoko SANTOSO
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 76, No 2: Desember 2008
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Summary Attempts to increase cocoa production in Indonesia have been hinderred by attack of CPB (Conopomorpha cramerella). There has been no effective measures to control this pest leading to development of cacao planting materials which resistant to the pod borer. One of genes functioning in plant defense system against insect pests such as catepilar is Proteinase Inhibitor (PIN). This research aimed to isolate and characterize TcPIN gene of cacao pod wall. A clone of TcPIN was isolated with RT-PCR technique using total RNA of cacao pod wall and DNA primer designed based on the sequence Trypsin Inhibitor of cocoa bean accessible online. BlastX analysis of the sequence of the cDNA clone demonstrated that the ± 600 bp gene cloned with pGEM-T was PIN gene as indicated by highly homologous to Trypsin Inhibitor of Theobroma microcarpum resulted in 248 Score bits and E value 1 e-64. Two sequence alligment with the putative 21 kDa PIN of cacao seed indicated a moderately high homology. Contrasting these two sequences however found some non identical amino acids implying some variations. Ringkasan Usaha peningkatan produksi kakao di Indonesia terkendala antara lain oleh adanya serangan hama PBK (Conopomorpha cramerella). Untuk menanggulangi serangan PBK tersebut perlu adanya satu cara pengendalian yang efektif dan efisien, sehingga dapat mendorong usaha pengembangan bahan tanam yang tahan PBK. Salah satu gen membawa sifat ketahanan tanaman terhadap hama ulat adalah Proteinase Inhibitor (PIN). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi dan mengkarakterisasi gen TcPIN dari kulit buah kakao. Klon cDNA TcPIN diisolasi dari kulit buah kakao dengan teknik RT-PCR meng-gunakan RNA total kulit buah kakao dan primer DNA yang dirancang atas dasar sekuen Inhibitor Tripsin biji kakao yang diakses lewat internet. Hasil analisis BlastX dari sekuen klon cDNA menunjukkan bahwa gen berukuran ± 600 pb yang telah diklon dengan pGEM-T tersebut adalah PIN karena memiliki homologi yang tinggi terhadap 21 kDa trypsin inhibitor dari Theobroma microcarpum yang meng-hasilkan Skor 248 bits dengan Nilai E 1e-64. Penjajaran dua sekuen dengan PIN putatif 21 kDa yang berasal dari biji kakao menunjuk-kan tingkat homologi yang tinggi, dengan perbedaan nyata sehingga dapat terlihat bahwa keduanya tidak identik.

Aktivitas fosfatase dan produksi asam organik di rhizosfer dan hifosfer bibit kelapa sawit bermikoriza *) Phosphatase activity and organic acid production in rhizosphere and hyphosphere of mycorrhizal oil palm seedling Happy WIDIASTUTI; Nampiah SUKARNO; Latifah Kosim DARUSMAN; Didiek Hadjar GOENADI; Sally SMITH; Edi GUHARDJA
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 71, No 2: Desember 2003
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

SummaryStudies on the mechanism of the higher Puptake of oil palm seedling colonized witharbuscular mycorrhizal fungi throughsolubilizing of fixed P by organic acid orhydrolysis of organic P by phosphatase activityhave not been reported yet. This experiment wasaimed to examine the phosphatase activity andproduction of organic acids in rhizosphere andhyphosphere, mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizaloil palm seedling. Oil palm seedling were grownfor 26 weeks in sterilized Cikopomayak acid soilin 20.5 cm diameter pots with three compart-ments, a central one for root growth(rhizosphere) and two adjacent on both side nextto the root compartment for hyphal growth(hyphosphere). Compartmentation was accom-plished by a 0.25 mm stainless steel filter. Allcompartment received a uniform concentration ofphosphorus (300 P mg kg -1 soil) either in organic(Na-phytate) or inorganic NH 4 HPO 4 form.Acaulospora tuberculata inoculum was establish-ed in pot culture using Pueraria phaseoloides as ahost, while Gigaspora margarita was propagatedusing maize as a host. AM fungal inoculumapplied as mixed propagules in optimum dosage.The experiment was conducted to asses ninetreatments combination between AM inoculation(without, A. tuberculata, and G. margarita) andsources of P (without P, inorganic P NH 4 HPO 4 ,and organic P Na phytate). Factorial in completerandomized design with two factors and threereplications was used in this research. In thehyphal compartment acid phosphatase activitywas much higher than alkaline phosphataseactivity, while in the rhizosphere alkalinephosphatase activity was higher compared toacid phosphatase activity. Acid phosphataseactivity in rhizosphere of oil palm seedlingsinoculated with A. tuberculata was significantlyhigher compared to uninoculated seedlings.However, both acid phosphatase activity andalkaline phosphatase activity were slightlyenhanced by mycorrhizal inoculation. In contrast,organic acid production between inoculatedseedling and uninoculated seedling was notsignificantly different. It seems that AM fungalsymbiosis with oil palm enhance mineralizationof organic P in spite of solubilization ofinorganic P.RingkasanMekanisme peningkatan pertumbuhankelapa sawit bermikoriza khususnya yangdisebabkan aktivitas pelarutan P anorganik yangterfiksasi melalui pelarutan oleh asam organikatau hidrolisis P organik oleh aktivitas fosfataseelum dilaporkan. Percobaan ini bertujuanmenetapkan aktivitas fosfatase dan produksi asamorganik di rhizosfer dan hifosfer, bibit kelapasawit bermikoriza dan tidak bermikoriza. Kelapasawit ditumbuhkan selama 26 minggu pada tanahmasam Cikopomnayak steril pada pot ber-diameter 20,5 cm yang terbagi atas tiga daerah,ruang tengah untuk pertumbuhan akar (rhizosfer)dan dua daerah di sebelahnya untuk pertumbuhanhifa (hifosfer). Penyekatan pot menggunakanfilter stainless steel berukuran lubang 0,25 mm.Semua daerah dipupuk P pada konsentrasi300 P mg kg -1 tanah baik dalam bentuk organik(Na-phytate) maupun anorganik (NH 4 HPO 4 )Inokulum CMA merupakan hasil perbanyakandengan sistem kultur pot menggunakan inangPueraria phaseoloides untuk Acaulosporatuberculata sedangkan untuk Gigasporamargarita menggunakan inang jagung. InokulumCMA berupa propagul campuran pada dosisoptimum. Percobaan dilakukan untuk mengujisembilan perlakuan yang merupakan kombinasiantara inokulasi CMA (tanpa, A. tuberculata,dan G. margarita) dan sumber P (tanpa P,anorganik P NH 4 HPO 4 , dan organik P Naphytate). Rancangan percobaan ialah rancanganacak lengkap faktorial dengan tiga ulangan untukmasing-masing perlakuan. Di hifosfer aktivitasfosfatase asam lebih tinggi daripada fosfatasealkalin, sedangkan di rhizosfer aktivitas fosfatasealkalin lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan aktivitasfosfatase asam. Aktivitas fosfatase asam dirhizosfer bibit kelapa sawit yang diinokulasi A.tuberculata nyata lebih tinggi dibandingkandengan bibit yang tidak diinokulasi. Aktivitasfosfatase asam dan fosfatase alkalin sedikit lebihtinggi dengan inokulasi CMA. Sebaliknya,produksi asam organik antara bibit yangdiinokulasi dan bibit yang tidak diinokulasi tidakberbeda nyata. Tampak bahwa simbiosis CMAdengan kelapa sawit lebih meningkatkanmineralisasi P organik dan kurang meningkatkanpelarutan P anorganik.

Sintesis silika tersulfonasi dari waterglass dengan templat PEG sebagai katalis asam padat dalam pembuatan pelumas dari minyak nabati Synthesis of sulfonated silica from waterglass with PEG template as solid acid catalyst in the production of lubricant from vegetable oil Sri WAHYUNI; Heru SETYAWA
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 81, No 2: Desember 2013
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

AbstractThe use of a catalyst in the manufacture of lubricantscome through many developments, from a homogeneousbase catalysts, homogeneous acid catalyst to hetero-geneous solid catalyst system (heterogenous catalyst). Oneexample of heterogeneous catalyst base material is silica.The purpose of this research was to study the graftingmethod of sulfonic group on silica from waterglass withPEG (polyethylene glycol) template as solid acid catalystand to analyze the effect of PEG concentration on ioniccapacity. Silica sol was produced by addition of PEG andHCl into waterglass. The PEG template was separated bytwo different methods; solvothermal extraction andcalcinations process. The following step was graftingprocess of the sulfonate into the silica powder, and dryingthe silica sulfonate in certain temperature. The driedsulfonated silica particles were characterized for theirpore size by BET method, the functional group by FTIR(Fourier Transform Infra Red) test, and the ionic capacityby titrimetry analysis. The result showed that the separatedPEG template process with calcinations method gave abetter result than the solvothermal extraction methodbased on the amount of PEG that disappear. While fromBET result showed that the calcinations process producedsmaller surface area pore than the extraction solvothermalprocess. The effect of the concentration of PEG template,showed that the surface area mostly decreased with theaddition of the PEG template concentration and increasedagain at 0.0178 g/mL. The biggest ionic capacity at 12,603mmol eq/g silica was obtained from solvothermal method.AbstrakPenggunaan katalis dalam pembuatan pelumas me-ngalami banyak perkembangan, dari katalis homogenbasa, katalis homogen asam hingga dikembangkanpenggunaan katalis padat sistem heterogen (heterogenouscatalyst). Salah satu contoh bahan dasar dari katalisheterogen ini adalah silika. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmempelajari teknik pencangkokan gugus sulfonat pada silika dari waterglass dengan templat PEG (polyethyleneglycol) sebagai katalis asam padat dan menganalisapengaruh konsentrasi templat terhadap kapasitas ion. Solsilika dibuat dengan menambahkan PEG dan HCl kedalam waterglass. Templat PEG dihilangkan dengan duacara yang berbeda yaitu ekstraksi solvothermal dankalsinasi. Proses selanjutnya adalah pencangkokansulfonat pada serbuk silica dan silika tersulfonasi padasuhu tertentu. Partikel silika tersulfonasi yang telah keringdikarakterisasi ukuran porinya dengan metode BET,gugus fungsi dengan uji FTIR (Fourier Transform InfraRed), dan kapasitas ionik dengan analisis titrimetri. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode kalsinasi ternyatadapat menghilangkan senyawa PEG lebih baik di-bandingkan dengan metode ekstraksi solvothermal, tetapiberdasarkan hasil BET, penghilangan templat melaluiproses kalsinasi menghasilkan luas permukaan yang lebihkecil jika dibandingkan dengan kondisi sebelum templatdihilangkan, sedangkan ekstraksi solvothermal meng-hasilkan luas permukaan silika yang lebih besar. Untukpengaruh konsentrasi templat PEG, didapatkan hasilbahwa luas permukaan partikel silika cenderung turundengan penambahan templat dan naik kembali padakonsentrasi 0,0178 g/mL. Kapasitas ionik terbesar di-dapat pada silika dengan metode solvothermal yaitusebesar 12,603 mmol/g silika.

Deteksi Ganoderma secara molekuler pada kebun kelapa sawit yang diberi perlakuan biofungisida Ganor (Molecular detection of Ganoderma on oil palm plantation treated with Ganor biofungicide) Hayati MINARSIH; Happy WIDIASTUTI; Djoko SANTOSO
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 86, No 1 (2018): April, 2018
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

AbstractGanor organic fungicide potentially reduces Ganoderma, a pathogenic fungus causing basal stem rot disease. Application of Ganor on oil palm trees in the plantation attacked Ganoderma, inhibits the growth of Ganoderma fruiting bodies, improves rooting and stimulates the opening of the spear leaf. This study aims to identify molecularly the presence of Ganoderma in oil palm trees that have been attacked by Ganoderma routinely treated with Ganor for three months. Molecular analysis was performed by PCR using Ganoderma specific primers. The analysis results of sample from trunks and roots of oil palm, indicating that the Ganoderma infected oil palm which has been treated with Ganor, were relatively free (96.4%) of Ganoderma. Of the 28 samples examined of treated plants, 27 samples did not indicate the presence of Ganoderma specific DNA band. On the other hand, the untreated oil palm trees infected by Ganoderma were still detected by the appearence of DNA bands specific to Ganoderma. The results of molecular analysis indicated that Ganor treatments can effectively reduce the attack rate of Ganoderma in oil palm trees in the plantation infected by Ganoderma. However, the use of the molecular technique for early detection needs to be further tested to evaluate its consistency prior to introduction to the commercial growers. The reproducibility can be confirmed by repeating the experiment using more samples. Ganor effectiveness in curing oil palm trees infected by Ganoderma, maybe indicated by the ability of the reproductive organs to develop, particularly female flowers. The sex ratio of Ganor treated oil palms was clearly higher than that of control palms in 10 to 12 weeks after the treatment.[Keywords: organic fungicides, stem rot, molecular analysis, Elais guinensis Jack.] AbstrakFungisida organik Ganor berpotensi mengurangi serangan Ganoderma, cendawan patogenik penyebab penyakit busuk pangkal batang. Aplikasi Ganor pada tanaman kelapa sawit di kebun yang terserang Ganoderma, menghambat pertumbuhan tubuh buah Ganoderma, memper-baiki perakaran dan merangsang pembukaan daun tombak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi secara molekuler adanya Ganoderma pada tanaman kelapa sawit terserang Ganoderma yang telah mendapat perlakuan Ganor secara rutin selama tiga bulan. Analisis molekuler dilakukan dengan teknik PCR menggunakan primer DNA spesifik Ganoderma. Hasil analisis sampel batang dan akar tanaman kelapa sawit, menunjukkan bahwa tanaman Perlakuan, yaitu kelapa sawit terserang Ganoderma yang telah mendapat perlakuan Ganor, 96,4% bebas Ganoderma. Dari 28 sampel tanaman Perlakuan yang diperiksa, 27 sampel tidak menunjukkan adanya pita DNA spesfik Ganoderma. Sementara itu pada tanaman Kontrol, yaitu tanaman kelapa sawit terserang Ganoderma dan tidak mendapat perlakuan Ganor, 100% masih terdeteksi adanya Ganoderma. Dari 7 sampel tanaman kontrol yang diperiksa semuanya menunjukkan adanya pita DNA spesifik Ganoderma. Hasil analisis molekuler ini mengindikasikan bahwa perlakuan Ganor efektif mengurangi tingkat serangan Ganoderma pada tanaman kelapa sawit di kebun yang terinfeksi Ganoderma. Namun demikian, untuk lebih meyakinkan praktisi perkebunan, penggunakan teknik molekuler ini masih perlu diuji lebih lanjut terkait konsistensinya. Reprodusibilitas dapat dikonfirmasi dengan mengulangi percobaan menggunakan lebih banyak sampel. Efektivitas Ganor dalam menyehatkan tanaman kelapa sawit terserang Ganoderma ini, terindikasi juga dari perkembangan organ reproduktifnya. Sex ratio meningkat dalam waktu 10 hingga 12 minggu setelah perlakuan.[Kata Kunci: fungisida organik, busuk pangkal batang, analisis molekuler, Elais guinensis Jack. ]

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Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

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Contact Name Hayati Minarsih

Contact Email menaraperkebunanppbbi@gmail.org

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Journal Mail Official menaraperkebunan@iribb.org

Editorial Address Jalan Taman Kencana No.1 Bogor 16128, Jawa Barat

Location Kab. bogor, Jawa barat INDONESIA

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Contact Name
Hayati Minarsih

Contact Email
menaraperkebunanppbbi@gmail.org

Phone
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Journal Mail Official
menaraperkebunan@iribb.org

Editorial Address
Jalan Taman Kencana No.1 Bogor 16128, Jawa Barat

Location
Kab. bogor,

Jawa barat

INDONESIA