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Menara Perkebunan
Published by Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit
ISSN : 01259318     EISSN : 18583768     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Menara Perkebunan as a communication medium for research in estate crops published articles covering original research result on the pre- and post-harvest biotechnology of estate crops. The contents of the articles should be directed for solving the problems of production and/or processing of estate crops of smallholder, private plantations and state-owned estates, based on the three dedications of plantation. Analyses of innovative research methods and techniques in biotechnology, which are important for advancing agricultural research. Critical scientific reviews of research result in agricultural and estate biotechnology.
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Articles 541 Documents
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Deteksi Ganoderma secara molekuler pada kebun kelapa sawit yang diberi perlakuan biofungisida Ganor (Molecular detection of Ganoderma on oil palm plantation treated with Ganor biofungicide) Hayati MINARSIH; Happy WIDIASTUTI; Djoko SANTOSO
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 86 No. 1 (2018): 86 (1), 2018
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v1i1.289

Abstract

AbstractGanor organic fungicide potentially reduces Ganoderma, a pathogenic fungus causing basal stem rot disease. Application of Ganor on oil palm trees in the plantation attacked Ganoderma, inhibits the growth of Ganoderma fruiting bodies, improves rooting and stimulates the opening of the spear leaf. This study aims to identify molecularly the presence of Ganoderma in oil palm trees that have been attacked by Ganoderma routinely treated with Ganor for three months. Molecular analysis was performed by PCR using Ganoderma specific primers. The analysis results of sample from trunks and roots of  oil palm, indicating that the Ganoderma infected oil palm which has been treated with Ganor, were relatively free (96.4%) of Ganoderma. Of the 28 samples examined of treated plants, 27 samples did not indicate the presence of Ganoderma specific DNA band. On the other hand, the untreated oil palm trees infected by Ganoderma were still detected by the appearence of  DNA bands specific to Ganoderma. The results of molecular analysis indicated that Ganor treatments can effectively reduce the attack rate of Ganoderma in oil palm trees in the plantation infected by Ganoderma. However, the use of the molecular technique for early detection needs to be further tested to evaluate its consistency prior to introduction to the commercial growers. The reproducibility can be confirmed by repeating the experiment using more samples. Ganor effectiveness in curing oil palm trees infected by Ganoderma, maybe indicated by the ability of the reproductive organs to develop, particularly female flowers. The sex ratio of Ganor treated oil palms was clearly higher than that of control palms in 10 to 12 weeks after the treatment.[Keywords: organic fungicides, stem rot, molecular analysis, Elais guinensis Jack.] AbstrakFungisida organik Ganor berpotensi mengurangi serangan Ganoderma, cendawan patogenik penyebab penyakit busuk pangkal batang. Aplikasi Ganor pada tanaman kelapa sawit di kebun yang terserang Ganoderma, menghambat pertumbuhan tubuh buah Ganoderma, memper-baiki perakaran dan merangsang pembukaan daun tombak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi secara molekuler adanya Ganoderma pada tanaman kelapa sawit terserang Ganoderma yang telah mendapat perlakuan Ganor secara rutin selama tiga bulan. Analisis molekuler dilakukan dengan teknik PCR menggunakan primer DNA spesifik Ganoderma. Hasil analisis sampel batang dan akar tanaman kelapa sawit, menunjukkan bahwa tanaman Perlakuan, yaitu kelapa sawit terserang Ganoderma yang telah mendapat perlakuan Ganor, 96,4% bebas Ganoderma. Dari 28 sampel tanaman Perlakuan yang diperiksa, 27 sampel tidak menunjukkan adanya pita DNA spesfik Ganoderma. Sementara itu pada tanaman Kontrol, yaitu tanaman kelapa sawit terserang Ganoderma dan tidak mendapat perlakuan Ganor, 100% masih terdeteksi adanya Ganoderma. Dari 7 sampel tanaman kontrol yang diperiksa semuanya menunjukkan adanya pita DNA spesifik Ganoderma. Hasil analisis molekuler ini mengindikasikan bahwa perlakuan Ganor efektif mengurangi tingkat serangan Ganoderma pada tanaman kelapa sawit di kebun yang terinfeksi Ganoderma. Namun demikian, untuk lebih meyakinkan praktisi perkebunan, penggunakan teknik molekuler ini masih perlu diuji lebih lanjut terkait konsistensinya. Reprodusibilitas dapat dikonfirmasi dengan mengulangi percobaan menggunakan lebih banyak sampel. Efektivitas Ganor dalam menyehatkan tanaman kelapa sawit terserang Ganoderma ini, terindikasi juga dari perkembangan organ reproduktifnya. Sex ratio meningkat dalam waktu 10 hingga 12 minggu setelah perlakuan.[Kata Kunci:  fungisida organik, busuk pangkal  batang, analisis molekuler, Elais guinensis Jack. ]
Effect of Tithonia diversifolia extract on the biodegradability of the bioplastics in plantation soil (Pengaruh ekstrak Tithonia diversifolia terhadap biodegradabilitas bioplastik di tanah perkebunan) . ISROI; Nendyo A WIBOWO; Evi SAVITRI; Deden D ERIS; Agus PURWANTARA
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 86 No. 2 (2018): 86 (2), 2018
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v86i2.293

Abstract

Effect of Tithonia diversifoliaextract on biodegradability of the bioplastic was evaluated using plantation soil as natural inoculum. The bioplastic was a composite of cellulose from cacao pod husk, starch and enriched by tithoniaextract. Biodegradation test wasereconducted in the glass jar for 60 days. The carbon dioxide generated from the biodegradation test titrated by 0.1 N sodium hydroxide solutions. The carbon dioxide was measured with 0.1 N HCl and using phenolphthalein followed by methyl orange as indicator. Carbon dioxide was detected in the bioplastic samples but not detected in the conventional plastic sample during the test. Biodegradation of the bioplastic enriched by tithoniaextract was higher than  that of the bioplastic without tithoniaextract. Biodegra-dation rate of the bioplastic samples in plantation soil were 0.068 mg CO2/day and 0.178 mg CO2/day for the bioplastic without and with tithoniaextract, respectively. Biodegradation of the bioplastic samples for 45 days were 12.44% and 28.07% for the bioplastic without and with tithoniaextract, respectively. Complete biodegradation of the bioplastic predicted in 244 days and 200 days for the bioplastic without and with tithoniaextract, respectively. [Kata kunci :Tithonia diversifolia, biodegrada-bility, bioplastic, plantation soil]. AbstrakPengaruh ekstrak Tithonia diversifoliaterhadap biodegradabilitas bioplastik dievaluasi dengan menggunakan tanah perkebunan sebagai inokulum alami. Bioplastik yang digunakan adalah komposit selulosa dari kulit buah kakao, pati dan diperkaya dengan ekstrak tithonia. Uji biodegra-dasi dilakukan di dalam botol selama 60 hari. Karbon dioksida yang dihasilkan dari uji biodegradasi diserap oleh larutan natrium hidroksida 0,1 N. Karbon dioksida dititrasi dengan HCl 0,1 N dan menggunakan fenolftalein diikuti dengan metil jingga sebagai indikator. Karbon dioksida terdeteksi pada sampel bioplastik namun tidak terdeteksi pada sampel plastik konvensional.Bioplastik yang diperkaya dengan ekstrak tithonia menghasilkan tingkat biodegradasi yang lebih tinggi dari pada bioplastik tanpa ekstrak tithonia. Tingkat biodegradasi sampel bioplastik di tanah perkebunan adalah 0,068 mg CO2/hari dan0,188 mg CO2/hari masing-masing untuk bioplastik tanpa dan dengan ekstrak tithonia. Biodegradasi sampel bioplastik selama 45 hari adalah 12,44% dan 28,07%berturut-turutuntuk bioplastik tanpa dan dengan ekstrak tithonia. Biodegradasi keseluruhan bioplastik diperkirakan membutuh-kan waktu 244 hari dan 200 harimasing-masinguntuk bioplastik tanpa dan dengan ekstrak tithonia.[Keywords:Tithonia diversifolia, biodegradaibi-litas, bioplastik, tanah perkebunan].
Emisi gas rumah kaca, cadangan karbon serta strategi adaptasi dan mitigasi pada perkebunan kopi rakyat di Nusa Tenggara Barat (Greenhouse gas emission, carbon stock, adaptation and mitigation strategies at smallholder coffee plantation in West Nusa Tenggara) Ali PRAMONO; . SADMAKA
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 86 No. 2 (2018): 86 (2), 2018
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v86i2.294

Abstract

Global warming and climate change are the world's major environmental, social and economic problems. The agricultural sector can act as an affected victim, greenhouse gas (GHG) contributor, and GHG absorber. Plantations have a very strategic role in the national action plan in GHG mitigation, because it has a great ability to absorb CO2. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the carbon stocks and GHG emissions from plantation management. The objectivesof the study wereto measure GHG emissions,to determine carbon stocks,and to define adaptation and mitigation strategies on climate change in existing coffee plantation systems. Gas samples were taken from 5 sampling points as replications by closedchamber method. Carbon stock estimation was done by destructive technique, including biomass of understorey and non-wood necromass. The results showed that the coffee plantations less than 10 years-oldat the study sites emitted 47 tons CO2-e/ha/year and stored carbon of 91.4 tons C/ha. Climate change adaptation strategies can be done by the application of good agricultural practices (GAP)andthe use of drought-tolerantclones, mulches,shade trees,multiple cropping systems, silt pitsand biophore techniques. The GHG mitigation can be done by the utilization of plantation waste as a source of organic fertilizer, biochar, animal feed, and bioenergy sources through the development of models of integration crop and livestock systems, as well as rejuvenation of plantation crops to increase carbon sinks and stocks.  [Keywords: climate change, carbon sequestration, coffee plantations] Abstrak Pemanasan global dan perubahan iklim menjadi masalah utama lingkungan, sosial dan ekonomi dunia hingga saat ini. Sektor pertanian dapat berperan sebagai korban terdampak, penyumbang Gas Rumah Kaca (GRK), dan penyerapGRK. Tanaman perkebunan mempunyai posisi sangat strategis dalam rencana aksi nasional di sektor pertanian, karena memiliki kemampuan besar dalam menyerap CO2. Oleh karena itu, pengukuran cadangan karbon dan emisi GRK dari pengelolaan perkebunan perlu dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengukur emisi GRK, menentukan cadangan karbon dan menetapkan strategi adaptasi dan mitigasi terhadap perubahan iklim pada sistem perkebunan kopi rakyat eksisting di Propinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat. Pengambilan contoh gas dilakukan di limatitik sampling dengan metode sungkup tertutup. Penghitungan cadangan karbon di atas permukaan tanah dilakukan dengan cara destruktifyang mencakup juga penetapan cadangan karbon biomassatanaman bawah dan biomassaserasah (ne-kromas non kayu). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perkebunan kopi rakyat yang berumur kurang dari 10 tahun di lokasi penelitianmeng-emisikan karbon sebesar 47 ton CO2-e/ha/tahundan menyimpan cadangankarbon sebesar 91,4ton C/ha. Strategi adaptasi terhadap perubahan iklim dapat dilakukan dengan penerapan praktik Pertanian yang baik/ Good Agricultural Practices(GAP), penggunaan klon tahan kekeringan, penggunaan mulsa organik, pemanfaatanpohon penaungdan sistem tumpang sari, pembuatan rorak dan biopori.Mitigasi GRK dapat dilakukan dengan pemanfaatan limbah tanaman perkebunan sebagai sumber pupukorganik, arang (biochar), pakan ternak, dan sumber bioenergimelalui pengem-bangan model sistem integrasi tanaman dan ternak,serta peremajaan tanaman perkebunan yang sudah menurun produktivitasnya untuk meningkatkan serapan dan cadangankarbon. [Kata kunci :perubahan iklim, sekuestrasi karbon, perkebunan kopi]
Peningkatan hasil panen kedelai (Glycine max L.) varietas Wilis dengan aplikasi biostimulan tanaman (Yield improvement of soybean (Glycine max L.) var. Wilis by the application of organic plant biostimulant) Dini Astika SARI; Irma KRESNAWATY; . PRIYONO; Asmini BUDIANI; Djoko SANTOSO
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 87 No. 1 (2019): 87 (1), 2019
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v87i1.295

Abstract

The Indonesian government program of achieving self-sufficiency of soybean by 2020 requires technological innovations for the farmers. The use of plant biostimulant is an innovative strategy and proven previouslyto increase the productivity of several otherfood crops. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of PPBBI biostimulant on the growth, productivity and quality of a Wilis variety of soybean under greenhouse conditions. PPBBI biostimulant at10 ppm and 20 ppm, was applied using foliar spray method with 20 mL volume to each plant. The applications were carried out 1 time, 2 times and 3 times. Six biostimulant treatments showed significant positive effects on the vegetative growth rate, generative organ development, and yield. The biostimulant accelerated vegetative growth to enter the generative phase earlier than that of in the control plants. The period of generative organs maturity required for treated plants was 7-14 d shorter than that of in the control plants so that the harvest period was 21 d shorter. Weight per 100 seeds of the P2-3 (application 3 times at 20 ppm); P2-2 (application 2 times at 20 ppm); P2-1 (application 1 time at 20 ppm) and P1-3 (application 3 times at 10 ppm) treatments were 20.16 g; 17.65 g; 18.89 g and 16.89 g respectively with no significant difference, while the control plants was only 11.60 g. Based on the results of all parameters e.g. average number of seeds, average weight per seed, and potential for yield improvement, the treatment of P1-3 (application 3 times at 10 ppm) was the best treatment with potential yield increase by 59.06% and oil content by 11.37%.[Key words: generative, organic biostimulant, productivity, vegetative]  AbstrakProgram pemerintah Indonesia dalam pencapaian swasembada kedelai pada tahun 2020 membutuhkan dukungan inovasi teknologi yang aplikatif untuk para petani. Biostimulan tanaman merupakan salah satu teknologi yang strategis dan terbukti dapat meningkatkan produktivitas beberapa tanaman pangan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melakukan analisis pengaruh aplikasi biostimulan PPBBI terhadap partum-buhan, produktivitas dan kualitas hasil panen kedelai varietas Wilis pada kondisi rumah kaca. Biostimulan PPBBI dengan variasi konsentrasi   10 ppm dan 20 ppm, diaplikasikan pada tanaman kedelai dengan metode penyemprotan lewat daundengan volume 20 mL per tanaman.Penyemprotan dilakukan sebanyak 1 kali; 2 kali dan 3 kali aplikasi. Enam perlakuan biostimulanyang diujikan menunjukkan pengaruh positif yang signifikan pada kecepatan pertumbuhan vegetatif, stimulasi perkembangan organ generatif dan peningkatan hasil panen. Biostimulan PPBBI mempercepat laju pertumbuhan vegetatif untuk memasuki fase generatif lebih awal dibandingkan tanaman kontrol. Masa perkembangan dan pemasakan organ generatif polong pada tanaman perlakuan menjadi lebih pendek 7-14 hari dibandingkan tanaman kontrol sehingga secara keseluruhan masa panen tanaman perlakuan lebih singkat 21 hari. Bobot per 100 biji tanaman kedelai perlakuan P2-3; P2-2; P2-1 dan P1-3 berturut-turut mencapai 20,16 g; 17,65 g; 18,89 g; dan 16,89 g dengan tidak adanya perbedaan signifikan, sedangkan tanaman kontrol hanya 11,60 g. Berdasarkan hasil analisis seluruh peubah yaitu rerata jumlah biji, rerata bobot per biji, dan potensi produksi, maka perlakuan P1-3 (aplikasi tiga kali dengan dosis 10 ppm) merupakan perlakuan terbaik dengan potensi kenaikan produksi mencapai 59,06% dan kadar lemak 13,7%.  [Kata kunci: biostimulan organik, generatif, produktivitas, vegetatif]
Isolasi dan karakterisasi gen dehydrin dari tebu (Saccharum officinarumL.) yang terlibat dalam respon toleransi cekaman kekeringan (Isolation and characterization of dehydrin gene from sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) involved in drought tolerance response) Hayati MINARSIH; . FANIAR; Tati KRISTANTI; Dian M AMANAH; . SUSTIPRIJATNO; Sony SUHANDONO
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 86 No. 2 (2018): 86 (2), 2018
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v86i2.300

Abstract

Nowadays,the development of molecular biology techniques has enabled to engineer drought tolerant sugarcane to accelerate thebreeding program. Dehydrin(DHN)that belong to the group II late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) family is known to havean important role in plant response and adaptation to abiotic stresses (drought, high salinity, cold, heat, etc.). Literature study and bioinformatics analysis reported that DHN1gene on sugarcane showed high homology sequences with sorghum DHN. The expression of DHN1gene on sugarcane var. PSJT 941 treated with various periodof drought stress had been conducted using semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR method. The results showed that the expressionlevel of DHN1 geneincreased along withthe increased period of the treatment. The highest expression level of DHN1 gene was resulted from plants that had been subjected to drought for 25 days. Amplification of DHN1gene  from plants withthe highest gene expression, resulted an amplicon  with a size of 465 bp which representsa full length coding sequence (CDS) of DHN1. Identification using Blast analysis showed that DHN1sequences  from sugarcane var. PSJT 941 shared high homology with DHN gene on sugarcane and sorghum. The alignment results also revealed a conserved motif that characterized DHN genes.[Key words: drought stress, dehydrin, DHN1gene, sugarcane]Abstrak Dengan berkembangnya teknik biologi molekuler saat ini, maka perakitan tanaman tebu yang toleran kekeringan lebih diarahkan melalui teknik rekayasa genetika untuk mempercepat program pemuliaan tanaman.  Protein dehydrin (DHN) yang termasuk ke dalam kelompok II  famili LEA (Late Embryogenesis Abundant)diketahui berperan penting dalam respon dan adaptasi tanaman terhadap cekaman abiotik (kekeringan, salinitas tinggi, suhu dingin, panas, dll). Studi literatur dan analisis bioinformatika menunjukkan bahwa gen DHN1pada tanaman tebu memiliki homologi yang tinggi dengan gen DHNpada sorghum. Analisis ekspresi gen DHN1pada tanaman  tebu varietasPSJT 941yang diberi cekaman kekeringan telah dilakukan menggunakan semi-kuantitatifreverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR dan terlihat bahwa ekspresi gen DHN1meningkat secara nyata sejalan dengan semakin lamanya waktu pemberian cekaman. Tingkat ekspresi gen DHN1paling tinggi diperoleh dari tanaman yang mengalami cekaman kekeringan selama 25 hari.  Amplifikasi gen DHN1pada tanaman dengan tingkat ekspresi yang paling tinggi menunjukkan pita dengan ukuran 465 bp yang merepresentasikan full coding sequence(CDS) gen DHN1. Identifikasi menggunakan analisis Blast menunjukkan bahwa sekuen gen DHN1dari tanaman tebu varietas PSJT 941yang diperoleh memiliki homologi yang tinggi dengan gen DHNpada tanaman tebu dan sorghum. Hasil penjajaran sekuen protein juga menunjukkan adanya motif lestari yang mencirikan gen DHN. [Kata kunci: cekaman kekeringan, dehydrin, gen DHN1, tebu]
Sintesis karboksimetil selulosa dari sisa baglog jamur tiram (Pleurotus ostreatus) (Synthesis of carboxymethyl cellulose from ex-baglog of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus)) Firda DIMAWARNITA; TRI - PANJI
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 86 No. 2 (2018): 86 (2), 2018
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v86i2.304

Abstract

Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) contain high organic materials that can be used as medium for growing white oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus).Cellulose content in the OPEFB is high (33%), enabling it to be converted to carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). This study determined the characteristics of the CMC produced from the waste of growth media of oyster mushrooms (baglog). The composition of the baglog consists of 70.3% OPEFB; 23.4% sawdust; 4.5% bran; 1.3% CaCO3; and 0.4% TSP. The CMC was prepared from the ex-baglog of the mushrooms including delignification, alkalization, carboxylation, and characterization of the product using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Difraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy Analysis (SEM). The results showed that the raw material after treatment contained 80.20% a cellulose, 12.32% hemicellulose, and no lignin was found. FTIR-based functional group analysis of the CMC and the commercial CMC was found to be present at 1091,37 cm-1and 1016,84 cm-1for the C-O bond. SEM analysis of the sample with no chemical bleaching for further delignification showed that small impurities were still present. The CMC treated with 10% sodium hydroxide exhibited 0.64 degree of substitution, 43 cP viscosity, and 73.40% purity. Based on these results, ex-baglog of white oyster mushroom can be extracted into CMC.[Keywords:OPEFB, CMC, delignification,  Pleurotus ostreatus, XRD, SEM]. Abstrak Tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) mengandung bahan organik tinggi yang bisa dijadikan sebagai media pertumbuhan jamur tiram putih (Pleurotus ostreatus). Kandungan selulosa dalam TKKS (33%) yang mungkin dikonversi menjadi karboksimetil selulosa (CMC). Penelitian ini bertujuan mencirikan CMC yang dihasilkan dari limbah media pertumbuhan jamur tiram (baglog). Komposisi baglog sebagai media pertumbuhan jamur tersebut terdiri atas TKKS 70,3%; serbuk gergaji 23,4%; dedak 4,5%; CaCO31,3%; dan TSP 0,4%. Penyiapan CMC dari ex-baglog jamur meliputi delignifikasi, alkalisasi, karboksilasi, dan karakterisasi produk CMC dengan analisis Fourier Transform Infrared Spetroscopy(FTIR), X-Ray Difraction(XRD) dan Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ex-baglog setelah perlakuan mengandung ɑ-selulosa sebanyak 80,20%, hemiselulosa 12,32%, lignin 0%, dan sisanya merupakan impurities(b/b). Gugus fungsi CMC dari TKKS dan CMC komersial memperlihatkan serapan inframerah pada 1091 cm-1dan 1017 cm-1untuk ikatan C-O. Analisis dengan mikroskop elektron menunjukkan bahwa tanpa delignifikasi lebih lanjut, masih ditemukan kotoran. Karakteristik CMC yang diolah dengan natrium hidroksida 10% memiliki derajat substitusi 0,64, viskositas 43 cP, dan kemurnian 73,40%. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa sisa baglog perumbuhan jamur tiram dapat diekstraksi menjadi CMC.  [Kata kunci:TKKS,  CMC,  delignifikasi,  Pleurotus ostreatus, XRD, SEM].
Physiological responses of bio-silica-treated oil palm seedlings to drought stress (Tanggap fisiologi bibit kelapa sawit yang diberi bio-silika terhadap cekaman kekeringan) Dian mutiara AMANAH; . NURHAIMI-HARIS; Laksmita Prima SANTI
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 87 No. 1 (2019): 87 (1), 2019
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v87i1.306

Abstract

Silica (Si) in the form of soluble silicic acid [H4SiO4] was an element that makes plants more resistant to drought stress through biochemical or molecular processes and contributing to growth stimulation under biotic and abiotic stress conditions. The objective of this study was to determine the response of oil palm seedlings to drought stress by the bio-Si application. The experiment was arranged in complete random design (CRD) with ten replicates.  Bio-Si was developed in solid and liquid forms with a dissolved Si content at least 10% (w/v). The eight combinations of solid bio-Si application per seedling were: (i) blank (without fertilizers), (ii) 5 g NPK 15-15-15, (iii) 5 g NPK 15-15-15 + 109cfu of Si-solubilizing microbes (SSM), (iv-viii) 5 g NPK 15-15-15 + 2.5; 5.0; 7.5; 10 g bio-Si; and 5 g Na2SiO3.  On the other hand, liquid bio-Si application per seedling were: (i) blank (without fertilizers), (ii) 5 g NPK 15-15-15, (iii) 5 g NPK 15-15-15 + 109cfu of SSM, (iv-viii) 5 g NPK 15-15-15 + 25 mL; 50 mL; 75 mL; 100 mL bio-Si; and 50 mL Na2SiO3. Drought stress tolerance was analyzed by using proline concentration, nitrate reductase activity (NRA), chlorophyll content, and stomatal closure in the leave of oil palm seedlings. Based on the physiological response, this research indicates that bio-Si application could induce seedling tolerance to drought stress. The bio-Si treatments gave a positive response of proline concentration, nitrate reductase activity (NRA), chlorophyll content, and stomatal closure. The doses of 5 g NPK 15-15-15 + 7.5 g solid bio-Si and 5 g NPK 15-15-15 + 75 mL liquid bio-Si per seedling were a recommended to increase oil palm seedlings tolerance to drought stress.[Key words: bio-Si, chlorophyll, nitrate reductase activity, Si-solubilizing microbes]. AbstrakSilika (Si) dalam bentuk terlarut asam silikat [H4SiO4]merupakan unsur yang dapat menyebabkan tanaman lebih tahan terhadap cekaman kekeringan melalui proses biokimia atau molekuler dan menstimulasi pertumbuhan dalam kondisi cekaman biotik dan abiotik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui respons fisiologi bibit kelapa sawit yang diberi bio-Si terhadap cekaman kekeringan. Penelitian didesain dengan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dan sepuluh ulangan. Bio-Si dikembangkan dalam bentuk padat dan cair dengan kadar Si terlarut minimal 10 % (b/v). Delapan aplikasi bio-Si padat per bibit adalah: (i) blanko (tanpa pupuk), (ii) 5 g NPK 15-15-15, (iii) 5 g NPK 15-15-15 + 109cfu mikrob pelarut silika, (iv-viii) 5 g NPK 15-15-15 + 2,5 g; 5,0 g; 7,5 g; 10 g bio-Si, dan 5 g Na2SiO3. Sementara untuk aplikasi bio-Si cair per bibit adalah: (i) blanko (tanpa pupuk), (ii) 5 g NPK 15-15-15, (iii) 5 g NPK  15-15-15 + 109cfu mikroorganisme pelarut silika (MPS), (iv-viii) 5 g NPK 15-15-15 + 25 ml; 50 ml; 75 ml; dan 100 mLbio-Si, dan 50 ml Na2SiO3. Pengamatan yang dilakukan meliputi analisis prolin, aktivitas nitrat reduktase (ANR), kandungan klorofil, serta morfologi stomata pada daun bibit kelapa sawit. Berdasarkan data fisiologi yang diperoleh dari kegiatan penelitian ini, aplikasi bio-Si dapat meningkatkan ketahanan bibit kelapa sawit terhadap cekaman kekeringan. Perlakuan bio-Si memberikan respon positif terhadap konsentrasi prolin,aktivitas nitrat reduktase (ANR), kandungan klorofil, serta morfologi stomata.Dosis 5 g NPK 15-15-15 + 7,5 g bio-Si padat dan 5 g NPK 15-15-15 + 75 mLbio-Si cair dapat direkomendasikan untuk meningkatkan ketahanan bibit kelapa sawit terhadap cekaman kekeringan.  [Kata kunci: bio-Si, klorofil, aktivitas nitrat reduktase, mikroorganisme pelarut silika].
Embriogenesis somatik dari pucuk tunas tanaman kurma (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Somatic embryogenesis from shoot tip of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.)) Rizka Tamania SAPTARI; . SUMARYONO
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 86 No. 2 (2018): 86 (2), 2018
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v86i2.313

Abstract

 Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is the most important crop in the dry areas of the Middle East and North Africa. This palm has been introduced to many countries but has not been grown commercially in Indonesia. Date palm propaga-tion by seeds is easy but its progenies are varied and a half of them are male trees that will not produce fruits. Meanwhile, the propagation by offshoots is impractical and technically difficult. Tissue culture makes it possible to massproduce of genetically identicalsuperior date palms. This research aimed to develop somatic embryogenesis (SE) of date palm using shoot tipand young leaves of date palm seedling as explants. Steps on somatic embryogenesis are explant sterilization, callus initiation and proliferation, somatic embryos induction and maturation, and plantlets matura-tion and rooting. Calli emerged from shoot tip explants after  9 weeks of culture in a modified MS medium supplemented with 10 mg/L 2,4-D, 1 mg/L or  3 mg/L 2-iP, and 1.5 g/L active charcoal. The callus was able to bear somatic embryo in the modified MS medium without hormones. Somatic embryos then developed into plantlets, and roots of plantlets were effectively initiated in the medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L NAA and 1 mg/L IBA.[Keywords:sterilization,  callogenesis, somatic embryo induction, plantlet rooting, clonal propagation]. Abstrak  Tanaman kurma (Phoenix dactyliferaL.) merupakan tanaman terpenting di wilayah kering Timur Tengah dan Afrika Utara. Palma ini telah menyebar ke banyak negara, namun belum ditanam secara komersial di Indonesia. Perbanyakan kurma dengan biji sangat mudah tetapi turunannya sangat beragam dan setengahnya merupakan tanaman jantan yang tidak berbuah. Perbanyakan dengan anakan (offshoots) secara komersial tidak praktis dan relatif sulit. Kultur jaringan memungkinkan untuk dihasilkan secara massal bibit tanaman kurma varietas unggul yang secara genetik seragam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan embriogenesis somatik menggunakan eksplan pucuk tunasdan daun muda dari bibit tanaman kurma. Pengembangan embriogenesis somatik terdiri dari tahap sterilisasi eksplan, inisiasi dan proliferasi kalus, induksi dan maturasi embrio somatik, serta pembesaran dan pembentukan akar planlet. Kalus terbentuk dari eksplan pucuk tunassetelah 9 minggu dikultur pada medium MS modifikasi yang ditambahkan 2,4-D 10 mg/L,  2-iP 1 mg/L atau 3 mg/L, dan arang aktif 1,5 g/L.Kalus berhasil diinduksi menghasilkanembrio somatik pada medium MS modifikasi tanpa penggunaan hormon. Embrio somatik kemudian berkembang hingga menjadi planlet, dan akar planlet secara efektif terinisiasipada medium yang ditambahkan NAA 0,5 mg/L dan IBA1 mg/L.  [Kata kunci :sterilisasi,  kalogenesis, induksi embrio somatik, pengakaran planlet, propagasi klonal].
Antagonisme beberapa bakteri endofit Arecaceae terhadap Curvularia sp. patogen penyebab bercak daun yang diisolasi dari tanaman kelapa kopyor (Antagonism of selected Arecaceae endophytic bacteria against Curvularia sp. leaf spot pathogen isolated from coconut kopyor) Deden Dewantara ERIS; Agus PURWANTARA; Abdul MUNIF; Bonny Poernomo Wahyu SOEKARNO
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 86 No. 2 (2018): 86 (2), 2018
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v86i2.318

Abstract

Coconut kopyor is one of the most important commodities. One of the problems in coconut kopyor cultivation is grey leaf spot disease caused by Curvularia sp. Using endophytic bacteria is one of the control technique that is environmentally friendly. A total of 40 selected endophytic Arecaceaebacteria isolated from coconut kopyor, palm oil, aren, nibung and pejibaye were tested for their inhibitory ability to Curvularia sp.through antibiotic and volatile organic compound (VOC)test.The antibiotic test showed that thirty three  endophytic bacteria isolates have inhibitory capacity againstCurvularia sp. in a range of inhibition from 4.4% to 86.6%. Isolates with the highest inhibition were EAKSS 502, EAKSS 520 and EAKSS 507. VOC test showed that EAPJN 216, EAKSS 532, EAAPN 225, EAAPN 506, EAAPN 507 and EAAPN 557 were produced VOC that suppressed the growth of Curvulariasp fungal colonies in a range from 92.27% to 97.21%. Based on the best combination of antibiotic and production of volatile organic compound test, there were four potential isolates to inhibit the growth of Curvulariasp. in vitro i.e. EAKSS 502, EAKSS 507, EAKPN 201 and EAPJN 216. Those isolates were molecularly identified as Serratia marcescensstrain PIGB81, Burkholderiasp. DOP Ma316, S. marcescensstrain RY21 and S. marcescensstrain LB21.The four isolates were isolated from different plants such oil palm, coconut kopyor and pejibaye.[Keywords: antibiotics,Burkholderia,malforma-tion, Serratia,suppression, volatile compound]AbstrakKelapa kopyor saat ini menjadi salah satu komoditas perkebunan yang penting. Salah satu masalah dalam pembudidayaan kelapa kopyor adalah serangan penyakit bercak kelabu yang disebabkan oleh cendawan Curvulariasp. Penggunaan bakteri endofit merupakan salah satu cara control yang ramah lingkungan.Sebanyak 40 isolat bakteri endofit asal tanaman Arecaceaediisolasi dari tanaman kelapa kopyor, kelapa sawit, aren, nibung dan pejibaye diujikan kemampuan penghambatannya terhadap Curvulariasp. melalui uji antibiosis dan uji produksi senyawa organik volatil (VOC). Uji antibiosis menunjukkan se-banyak 33 isolat bakteri endofit menunjukkan daya penghambatan terhadap cendawan Curvulariasp. dengan kisaran 4,4%-86,6%. Penghambatan terbesar yakni isolat EAKSS 502, EAKSS 520 dan isolat EAKSS 507. Pengujian produksi senyawa organik volatil menunjukkan EAPJN 216, EAKSS 532, EAAPN 225, EAAPN 506, EAAPN 507 dan EAAPN 557 menghasilkan komponen volatil organik yang menekan pertumbuhan koloni cendawan Curvulariasp. pada kisaran 92,27%- 97,21%. Berdasarkan kombinasi data pengujian antibioisis dan produksi senyawa organik volatilterdapat 4 isolat bakteri endofit yang berpotensi menghambat perkembangan Curvulariasp. yaitu  isolat EAKSS 502, EAKSS 507, EAKPN 201 dan EAPJN 216.Hasil identifikasi secara molekuler ke empat isolat tersebut berturut-turut adalah Serratia marcescens strain PIGB81,Burkholderia sp.  DOP Ma316,S. marcescens strain RY21danS. marcescens strain LB21. Keempat isolat tersebut diisolasi daritanaman yang berbeda yakni kelapa sawit, kelapa kopyor dan pejibaye.[Kata kunci: antibiotik, Burkholderia,malformasi, penghambatan, Serratia,komponen volatil].
Front matter 2018 no 2 Masna Maya Sinta
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 86 No. 2 (2018): 86 (2), 2018
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v86i2.319

Abstract

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