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INDONESIA
JFIOnline
Published by Ikatan Apoteker Indonesia
ISSN : 14121107     EISSN : 2355696X     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology
Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia yang diterbitkan oleh Pengurus Pusat Ikatan Apoteker Indonesia. Isi website memuat seluruh jurnal yang telah diterbitkan mencakup semua aspek dalam ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi kefarmasian antara lain farmakologi, farmakognosi, fitokimia,farmasetika, kimia farmasi, biologi molekuler, bioteknologi, farmasi klinik,farmasi komunitas, farmasi pendidikan, dan lain-lain.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 443 Documents
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Karakterisasi Kompleks Inklusi Simvastatin – β-Siklodekstrin yang Dibuat dengan Metoda Kneading Octavia, Maria Dona; Zaini, Erizal; Halim, Auzal
JFIOnline | Print ISSN 1412-1107 | e-ISSN 2355-696X Vol 7, No 3 (2015)
Publisher : Indonesian Research Gateway

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ABSTRACT : Characterization of Inclusion Complex Simvastatin - β - cyclodextrin prepared by Kneading Method" has been done . This study aims to improve the dissolution rate and characterize inclusion complexes simvastatin - β - cyclodextrin developed into 3 formula , the ratio between the simvastatin and β - cyclodextrin following formula I ( 1 : 1 ), the formula II ( 1 : 2 ), and the formula III ( 2 : 1 ). Inclusion complex prepared by adding water solvent to form a paste and then dried at room temperature. The results of the inclusion complexes were characterized by analysis Differential Thermal Analysis ( DTA ), X-ray diffraction, IR spectrophotometry, Scanning Electron Microscopy ( SEM ), and dissolution rate . The results of this analysis indicate that the inclusion complex formed, characterization and dissolution profiles better than the pure simvastatin and mixed physics simvastatin and β - cyclodextrin.   Key words : Inclusion complex, Simvastatin, β-Cyclodextrin, Kneading Methods   ABSTRAK : Telah dilakukan penelitian dengan judul "Karakterisasi Kompleks Inklusi Simvastatin - β-Siklodekstrin yang dibuat dengan Metoda Kneading". Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan laju disolusi serta mengkarakterisasi kompleks inklusi Simvastatin - β-Siklodekstrin yang dikembangkan menjadi 3 formula, dengan perbandingan antara simvastatin dan β - siklodekstrin sebagai berikut formula I (1 : 1), formula II (1 : 2), dan formula III (2 : 1). Komplek inklusi dibuat dengan cara menambahkan pelarut air hingga terbentuk masa seperti pasta dan kemudian dikeringkan pada suhu kamar. Hasil komplek inklusi ini dikarakterisasi dengan analisa Differensial Thermal Analysis (DTA), Difraksi Sinar X, Spektrofotometri Infra Red, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), dan disolusi. Hasil analisa tersebut menunjukkan bahwa kompleks inklusi yang terbentuk memberikan karakterisasi dan profil disolusi yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan simvastatin murni dan campuran fisika simvastatin dan β-siklodekstrin yang dibuat dengan penggerusan biasa. Kata Kunci : Kompleks inklusi, Simvastatin, β-Siklodekstrin, Metoda Kneading
Enkapsulasi Ekstrak Daun Murbei untuk Peningkatan Absorpsi In-vitro Kandungan Rutin Aminah, Siti
JFIOnline | Print ISSN 1412-1107 | e-ISSN 2355-696X Vol 7, No 2 (2014)
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The extract is a preparation that widely used of  medicinal purposed plants. Rutin is an  ingredient contained in the extract of mulberry leaves (Morus alba L.)   and has very low solubility in water. Drugs with a low solubili ty will have dif????iculty in the process of absorption.  In this study, chitosan is used for encapsulation formation of mulberry extract; furthermore, the encapsulated extract was then   investigated the in- vitro absorption of the rutin.  The extract was made using 95% ethanol by remaceration method. The encapsulation formulas consist of 0.25 % w/v mulberry extract, chitosan TPP mass ratio of 0.5:1 and of 1:1.  The content of rutin in the extract was determined by using HPLC.   Characterization was done on the particle size, zeta potential, encapsu-lation ef????iciency and FTIR. In-vitro absorptions of rutin in the  mulberry leaves extract and of rutin in the encapsulated extract were carried out by Everted Small Intestine Sac Technique. The results showed that mulberry extract contains rutin as much as 0.879 ± 0.138 mg/g.  Formulation with chitosan-TPP mass ratio of  0.5:1 and 1:1 formed par-ticles with sizes of  99.23±16.74 nm and 420.13± 30.52 nm, zeta potentials of 47.94±6.28 mV and -8.78± -1.36 mV, encapsulation ef????iciency of  76.14 ± 2.29 %  and 59.06 ± 12.24 % respectively. Rutin  absorption of the formulation with chitosan-TPP increased sig-ni????icantly (p< 0.05) as shown by increased their permeabilities. The absorption rate of rutin in the extract increased by encapsulation (p< 0.05).
Efek Antimikroba dari Kapang Endofit Ranting Tanaman Biduri Kumala, Shirly
JFIOnline | Print ISSN 1412-1107 | e-ISSN 2355-696X Vol 7, No 2 (2014)
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ABSTRACT:Didymella bryniae strain MA71 endophytic fungus was isolatedfrom twigs of Biduri plant (Calotropis gigantea L.Dryand). It has anti yeastactivity and anti bacterial activity against gram positive and negative bacteria.Secondary metabolites were isolated via fermentation process using PDYmedia for 12 hr. Anti microbial activity of these fermentation product was assessedvia agar diffusion method using disk paper. Test result demonstratedthat extracellular secondary metabolites which was extracted using EtOAcwere active towards Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coliATCC 25922 and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633. On the other hand, these EtOACextracted metabolites were also active against Candida albicans ATCC 10231.Its inhibitory zone were 17.3 mm, 17.2 mm, 17.41 mm and 11.6 mm respectively.Chloramphenicol was used as positive control for bacteria and nystatinfor yeast. Overall, the se condary metabolites produced by fermentation of endophyticfungi Didymella bryniae strain MA71 have broad spectrum of antibacterial and yeast activity.Keywords: endophytic Fungus, shaked fermentation, secondary metabolites,antimicrobials, and Calotropis gigantea L. Dryand  
Instant Powder Formulation for Anti Anemia and Optimization Exctraction Condition of Moringa pterygosperma Gaertn Leaves Using MAE Anggraeni, Yosita; Jufri, Mahdi Jufri; Munim, Abdul
JFIOnline | Print ISSN 1412-1107 | e-ISSN 2355-696X Vol 7, No 3 (2015)
Publisher : Indonesian Research Gateway

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Iron supplement containing ferrous sulfate is commonly used for anaemia. Unfortunately, it has bad taste, can cause nausea, and made adverse effects if taken in large doses for long periods. It is necessary to ????ind an alternative source of raw materials, including those from plants. Moringa pterigospera Gaertn leaves was selected because it contains iron and other nutritions. The purpose of this work was to make instant powder formula for anti anaemia using Moringa leaves extract as an alternative for ferous suphate iron suplementation. The extraction was performed by Microwave Assisted Extraction method. Optimization of extraction condition was performed by creating some variations in solvent composition (0- 70% ethanol), microwave power (450 to 900 watts) and extraction time (3 to10 min). Iron content was determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer at wave length of 248 nm. Instant powder formula was made in 3 concentrations of sodium CMC as suspending agent. Results of the study showed that the most optimal extraction condition which resulted the highest iron content (2.4 mg/g extracts) achieved with 900 watts microwave power, 10 min extraction time and aqua demineralisata. According to 30 panelists of hedonic test, formula which used 5% w/w of sodium CMC got the highest scores. Its powder form had 2.31% of loss on drying and 7.74 g/sec of ????low rate for powder form and pH of 5.78, viscosity of 15.98 cps for reconstituted form.
Kepatuhan Penderita Diabetes Mellitus di Apotik Ubaya Berdasarkan Tinkgkat Kepatuhan dan Motivasi Kristianto, Franciscus Cahyo; Susilo, Astrid Pratidina
JFIOnline | Print ISSN 1412-1107 | e-ISSN 2355-696X Vol 7, No 3 (2015)
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Adherence is one of the important things for diabetic patients to control their blood glucose level and preventing for complications in the future. There are two major factors that influence the adherence, patient’s knowledge and motivation. Design of this study was sequential mixed method. Thirty type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were recruited based on patient medication record prepared by the community pharmacist. At the first stage, subjects were asked to answer four validated questionnaires that related with level of knowledge (health literacy and medication knowledge) and motivation (readiness to change and social support). At the second stage, they were interviewed based on their response to readiness to change questionnaire. All data collected were then analysed descriptively and qualitatively. From knowledge aspects, there were 93% of patients has high level of health literacy and 87% has high medication knowledge. From motivation aspects, there were 70% has changed and maintained their adherence, 20% were still prepare to change (preparation) and 10% were not ready to change (contemplation). Need for social supports were very high (97%) within the diabetic patients. Most of the subjects (80%) have high level of knowledge and motivation. There were 17% who has variable knowledge and motivation and only 3% who has low level of knowledge and motivation.
Studi Interaksi Senyawa Turunan 1,3-Dibenzoiltiourea sebagai Ribonukleotida Reduktase Inhibitor Lestari, Tresna
JFIOnline | Print ISSN 1412-1107 | e-ISSN 2355-696X Vol 7, No 3 (2015)
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In this research, docking process was carried out from 1,3-dibenzoylthio- urea derivates compound to ribonucleotide reductase receptor. The receptor used was 2EUD with ligand GCQ (Gemsitabine Diphosphate) obtained from the website of protein data bank (PDB). The purpose of this research was to ????ind out the inter- action and toxicity of 1,3-dibenzoylthiourea derivates compound to ribonucleotide reductase receptor. All compounds was docked using ArgusLab 4.0.1 applications. The docking process performed by the method of ArgusDock. The validation of dock- ing used RMSD value gained < 2 that is 1, 704524 on calculate size X=16.5, Y=17.25 and Z=16.75. The analysis of docking result showed that 1,3-bis[(3-methylphenyl) carbonyl]thiourea compound can be predicted to have lowest free binding energy (ΔG) than comparative ligand and parent compound. From this research result can conclude that 1,3-bis[(3-methylphenyl)carbonyl]thiourea to inhibitor activity of ri- bonucleotide reductase receptor. Toxicity test accomplished using ToxTree applica- tion, with parameter such as Cramer Rules, Benigni / Bossa rulebase and Kroes TTC decision tree.  Key word: Docking, 1,3-dibenzoylthiourea, ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor, toxicity
Identifikasi Interaksi Padat Campuran Parasetamol dan Ibuprofen dengan Metode Thermal Noviza, Deni; Zaini, Erizal
JFIOnline | Print ISSN 1412-1107 | e-ISSN 2355-696X Vol 7, No 3 (2015)
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Solid-state interaction between parasetamol and ibuprofen was studied using thermal and spectroscopic techniques. Parasetamol-Ibuprofen binary mixtures were prepared by rotary ball mill grinding method. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to investigate the stoichiometry and thermal properties of the complex between parasetamol and ibuprofen. Powder X-ray diffraction were used to investigate the type of interaction between the two components. Two endothermic peaks in a binary mixture of paracetamol and ibuprofen was observed in DSC thermograph. X-ray powder diffractogram do not shows shift and formation of new peaks and the position of each peak is a super-imposition of each component without dominates. It can be concluded that the solid interaction between paracetamol and ibuprofen for grinding effect is the formation of mixed crystal system.
INSTANT POWDER FORMULATION FOR ANTI ANEMIA AND OPTIMATION EXCTRACTION CONDITION OF Moringa pterigosperma Gaertn LEAVES USING MAE Anggraeni, Yosita -; Munim, Abdul -
JFIOnline | Print ISSN 1412-1107 | e-ISSN 2355-696X Vol 7, No 3 (2015)
Publisher : Indonesian Research Gateway

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Abstract

Iron supplement contains ferrous sulfate is commonly used for  anemia. Unfortunately, it has bad taste, can cause nausea, and made adverse effects if taken in large doses for long periods. It is necessary to find an alternative source of raw materials, including those from plants. Moringa pterigospera Gaertn leaves was selected because it contains iron and other nutritions. The purpose of this work was to make instant powder formula for anti anemia using Moringa leaves extract as an alternative for ferous suphate iron suplementation. The extraction was performed by Microwave Assisted Extraction method. Optimation of extraction condition was performed by creating some variations in solvent composition (0-70% ethanol), microwave power (450 to 900 watts) and extraction time (3 to10 min). Iron content was determined  by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer at wavelength of 248 nm. Instant powder formula was made in 3 concentrations of sodium CMC as suspending agent. Results of the study showed that the most optimal extraction condition which resulted the highest iron content (2.4 mg/g extracts) achieved with 900 watts microwave power, 10 min extraction time and aquademineralisata. According to 30 panelists of hedonic test, formula which used 5% w/w of sodium CMC got the highest scores. Its powder form had 2.31% of loss on drying and 7.74 g/sec of flow rate for powder form and pH of 5.78, viscosity of 15.98 cps for reconstituted form.
Uji In Vitro dan In Vivo Gel Kombinasi Ekstrak Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata, L) dan Ekstrak Daun Jambu Biji (Psidium guajava, L) Sebagai Obat Anti Jerawat Yulianti, Rika
JFIOnline | Print ISSN 1412-1107 | e-ISSN 2355-696X Vol 7, No 3 (2015)
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ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui formulasi dan uji aktivitas anti jerawat kombinasi gel ekstrak etanol daun sirsak (Annona muricata L.) dan daun jambu biji (Psidium guajava L.) secara in vitro maupun in vivo. Daun sirsak secara tradisional digunakan untuk mengobati jerawat. Diketahui bahwa daun sirsak mengandung senyawa asetogenin, tanin, fitosterol, kalsium oksalat, alkaloid murisin, flavonoida dan steroida. Penelitian mengenai aktivitas anti jerawat ekstrak daun jambu biji telah dilakukan oleh Qa’dan et al pada tahun 2005. Sampel diperoleh dari kombinasi ekstrak daun sirsak (Annona muricata L.) dan daun jambu biji (Psidium guajava L.) menggunakan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 96 %. Sediaan diformulasi dalam bentuk gel dan diuji konsentrasi hambat minimum  dan aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Propionibacterium acne dengan menggunakan gel Cindala® sebagai pembanding. Studi in vivo dilakukan menggunakan tikus (Rattus novergicus) galus Wistar sebagai hewan uji dengan pemberian suspensi koloni Propionibacterium acne sebagai penginduksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gel kombinasi ekstrak daun sirsak dan ekstrak daun jambu biji memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Propionibacterium acne dengan formulasi gel menggunakan karbomer sebagai basis. Pengujian secara in vivo menunjukkan hasil bahwa gel tersebut memiliki aktivitas antijerawat dan berbeda secara signifikan secara statistik terhadap kontrol negatif. Kata kunci : jerawat, ekstrak, gel
Pengembangan, Evaluasi, dan Uji Aktivitas Antiinflamasi Akut Sediaan Nanoemulsi Spontan Minyak Jintan Hitam Olii, Audia Triani; Pamudji, Jessie Sofia; Mudhakir, Diky; Iwo, Maria Immaculata
JFIOnline | Print ISSN 1412-1107 | e-ISSN 2355-696X Vol 7, No 2 (2014)
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Nigela sativa is the plant in which the seeds have a strong anti inflammatory effect. The compound that responsible to perform anti inflammation effect is thimoquinon, that contained in volatile constituents of Nigella sativa oil. Later it was found that even the fixed oil of Nigella sativa has greater anti inflammation ef-fect than thimoquinon. Limited usage of oil or powder have a problems in bioavailability. To overcome this problem, the self nanoemulsion formula development is done to enhance the bioavailability. Nanoemulsion contain 200μL Nigella sativa oil per 1 g mixture of oil phase made by VCO, Cremophor RH40,  polietilen glikol 400 rasio 1:7:2. Disper sibility test showed that SNEDDS is rapidly form a transparent mixture within 9,17 ± 0,015 minutes in HCl 0,1 N, the rate of stirage at 50 rpm, mean globules diameter of 57,6 ± 13.04 nm, polydispersity index of 0,288 ± 0,033, and zeta potential of 0,243 ± 0,136 mV. Stability test of centrifuge test showed that SNEDDS is stable, although at the third cycle of freeze thaw cycle showing a significant difference in polydispersity index and zeta potensial with the previous cycle. Result of anti inflammation acute activity test of Nigella sativa oil which is incorporate in SNEDDS of VCO has no antiinflammation. Keywords:  Nigella sativa oil, Self Nanoemulsion, anti inϔlammation   Nigella sativa, tanaman dengan biji yang memiliki efek antiinflamsi yang cukup kuat. Senyawa yang bertanggung jawab memberikan  efek antiinflamasi adalah thimokuinon, senyawa yang terkandung dalam minyak  menguap dari minyak jintan hitam. Namun ditemukan bahwa  bahkan minyak lemak jintan hitam memiliki aktivitas antiinflamasi yang lebih besar dari thimokuinon. Penggunaan yang terbatas pada minyak atau serbuk jintan hitam mempunyai  masalah dalam bioavailabilitas. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini, maka dilakukan pengembangan formula sediaan nanoemulsi  spontan (SNES) dalam usaha meningkatkan bioavailabilitas minyak jintan hitam. Nanoemulsi yang mengandung 200 μL minyak jintan hitam per 1 g fase minyak dibuat dengan menggunakan VCO, Cremophor RH 40 dan polietilen glikol 400 dengan perbandingan 1:7:2. Hasil uji dispersibilitas menunjukkan sediaan teremulsi dengan cepat membentuk campuran transparan dalam waktu 9,17 ± 0,015 menit dalam medium HCl 0,1 N dengan kecepatan pengadukan 50 rpm, dengan ukuran diameter globul 57,6 ± 13.04 nm, indeks polidispersitas  0,288 ± 0,033,  dan zeta potensial 0,243 ± 0,136 mV. Hasil uji stabilitas pada uji sentrifugasi menunjukkan SNES minyak jintan hitam stabil secara fisik, walaupun pada siklus ketiga freeze thaw menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan dengan siklus sebelumnya pada indeks polidispersi dan zeta potensial. Hasil uji aktivitas antiinflamasi akut minyak jintan hitam yang diinkorporasikan dalam SNES VCO tidak memberikan efek antiinflamasi.Kata kunci: minyak jintan hitam, nanoemulsi spontan, antiinϐlamasi akut  

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