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Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya

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Published by Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia

ISSN : 14104830 EISSN : 25021966 DOI : -

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Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya (JMB) or Journal of Society and Culture is a peer-reviewed journal that aims to be an authoritative academic source on the study of society and culture. We publish original research papers, review articles, case studies, and book reviews focusing on Indonesian society, cultural phenomena, and other related topics. A manuscript describing society and culture outside Indonesia is expected to be analyzed comparatively with the issues and context in Indonesia. All papers will be reviewed rigorously at least by two referees. JMB is published three times a year, in April, August , and December.

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Articles 869 Documents

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ANTARA ISLAM DAN BARAT : PANDANGAN MOHAMMED ARKOUN MENGENAI KEMODERNAN Tambunan, Sihol Farida
Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya Vol 5, No 2 (2003)
Publisher : P2KK LIPI

Mohammed Arkoun is an Algerian thinker who was educated at the University of Sorbonne, French and acquired French citizenship. He combined Western methodology to interprete the Islamic Script. In politics, he was against the concept of the Islamic state because its undemocratic character. He proposed the Islamic thinkers not to be afraid of modernity that comes from the Western world. He even suggested the Islamic thinkers to interprete Al Qur’an by using the modern sociology method that comes from the West instead of traditional methods. So, that modern method would enrich the interpretation.

ANOMIE DI TENGAH PERUBAHAN SOSIAL Syahra, Rusyi
Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya Vol 3, No.1 (2000)
Publisher : P2KK LIPI

It has become an awareness to many that in addition the visible economic and monetm~y crisis on the surface, Indonesia is currently undergoing a multidimensional crisis that has resulted in social discontent and intergroup conflicts in various parts oft he country. It is widely held that the main cause of all the crises is the disruption of moral authority on the part of government officials and the military due to the widespread mismanagement of the past government. This article is devoted to explain the current multidimensional crisis and its destabilizing impact on the society fi'om the sociological concept of anomie. The concept, first introduced in the turn of the I 9th century by Emile Durkheim, a grand theorist of sociology, seeks to explain the nature of normlessless or anomie on the part of individuals and the whole society as the result of a tremendous and sudden social change. Further, a brief account is provided 011 how the concept has heen developed and used until recentlv by a number of social scientists in explaining the impacts of political turmoil and profound economic changes on national security and societal living condition of many countries oft he world. The article finally suggests a method that could be developed to detect and prevent social conflicts and unrests that may take place in the future.

NGOS, POST-TSUNAMI SOCIAL RECONSTRUCTION AND TWO EXAMPLES FROM BANDA ACEH AND MEULABOH, ACEH Tirtosudarmo, Riwanto
Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya Vol 12, No 3 (2010)
Publisher : P2KK LIPI

Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat (LSM/NGO) memegang peranan yang penting dalam rekonstruksi dan pemulihan kembali masyarakat Aceh pasca-Tsunami 2004. Studi ini merupakan upaya untuk mengungkap dinamika peranan LSM di Aceh melalui dua LSM (Uplink di Banda Aceh, dan Yayasan Pengembangan Kawasan – YPK di Meulaboh). Dua LSM ini terpilih karena dianggap mewakili dua model LSM yang berbeda, baik dalam pendekatan dan strategi pelayanan dan program ke masyarakat maupun dalam berhadapan dan relasinya dengan otoritas kekuasaan di Aceh. Untuk memahami peranan LSM pasca-Tsunami di Aceh, sejarah perkembangan LSM dan masyarakat sipil di Indonesia maupun latar belakang gerakan sosial di Aceh, khususnya setelah turunnya Suharto, diungkapkan secara agak mendalam dalam studi ini. Dalam kesimpulannya, studi ini menunjukkan kegagalan maupun keberhasilan dalam berbagai program rekonstruksi masyarakat Aceh dari kedua LSM dan menunjukkan “lesson learned” apa yang dapat dipetik dari studi ini, serta tidak kalah pentingnya hal-hal apa yang perlu diteliti selanjutnya. Kata Kunci: Aceh, NGOs, tsunami, rekonstruksi sosial.

CYBER-URBAN SPACE CONNECTIONS ON THE RISE OF LABOUR ACTIVISM: A CASE STUDY OF INDONESIAN METAL WORKERS’ FEDERATION KETERHUBUNGAN RUANG PERKOTAAN-MAYA DALAM AKTIVISME BURUH: STUDI KASUS FEDERASI SERIKAT PEKERJA METAL DI INDONESIA Hadi, Aulia
Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya Vol 17, No 3 (2015)
Publisher : P2KK LIPI

Abstract This paper argues that both urban and cyber activisms play significant roles in the labour movements in Indonesia after the reformation 1998. Exploring Federasi Serikat Pekerja Metal Indonesia (FSPMI)-Indonesian Metalworkers’ Federation, this paper is aimed at a better understanding of the interdependencies between the urban and cyber spaces for labour movements. More specific, how do labours engage in cyber-urban activism to establish their movements in order to gain their political leverages? Results highlight four issues: (a) the growing of militant labour movement in the recent urban space; (b) the emergence of urban industrial working class; (c) cyber-urban space is a political terrain for the state, the corporate, and the labours; and (d) one side of cyber-urban connection can generate, strengthen, weaken, or even kill the other side. Keywords: FSPMI, labour, movement, cyber, urban, activism Abstrak Tulisan ini berpendapat bahwa aktivisme perkotaan maupun maya sama-sama memiliki peran penting dalam gerakan buruh di Indonesia setelah reformasi 1998. Dengan mengeksplorasi Federasi Serikat Pekerja Metal Indonesia (FSPMI), tulisan ini bertujuan untuk lebih memahami saling ketergantungan antara ruang perkotaan dan ruang maya untuk gerakan buruh. Lebih spesifik, bagaimana buruh terlibat dalam aktivisme ‘perkotaan-maya’ untuk membangun gerakan mereka dalam memperjuangkan pengaruh politiknya? Hasil penelitian menggarisbawahi empat isu, yaitu: (a) tumbuhnya gerakan buruh militan di ruang kota masa kini; (b) munculnya kelas pekerja industri perkotaan; (c) ruang ‘perkotaan-maya’ adalah medan politik untuk negara, perusahaan, dan buruh; serta (d) satu sisi dari keterhubungan ruang ‘perkotaan-maya’ dapat menghasilkan, memperkuat, melemahkan, atau bahkan membunuh sisi lain. Kata kunci: FSPMI, buruh, gerakan, maya, perkotaan, aktivisme

Konsep Privacy Menurut Orang Jawa, Sebagaimana Terlihat dari Tata Ruang Rumah Tradisional Jawa Wahyono, Ary
Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya Vol 2, No.1 (1998)
Publisher : P2KK LIPI

This writer examines the relationship between privacy and space system in the traditional houses of Javanese. This concept as reflected by building of houses is much related with their world view or cosmology.

MEMAKNAI KEMISKINAN: PERAN KELEMBAGAAN DALAM MENANGGULANGI LINGKARAN SETAN KEMISKINAN Rajab, Budi
Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya Vol 8, No 2 (2006)
Publisher : P2KK LIPI

Initially, the cause of poverty has something to do with the lack of control of economic resources. This then brings about the so-called the “culture of poverty” and lack of capabilities, that is indicated, among other, by dependent and fatalistic attitudes, which in the end tend to reinforce and perpetuate the initial condition, i.e., the lack of control of economic resources. Thus, it is not surprising, then, that the causes and effects of poverty seem to be a vicious circle. Poverty alleviation strategies and programs aim at raising people capabilities and changing the culture of poverty, as implemented by the former New Order regime, have resulted in far below the expectation, only a few of poor people have alleviated from their unfortunate condition. Moreover, as the effect of these strategies and programs, it creates the so-called “relative poverty” which refers to the widening gap and inequality in income distribution and control over (economic) resources among the population. Given these complexities, the structural approach proposes to develop a special institutional arrangement—a body that will tackle the poverty alleviation work—whose strategy is to give the poor a direct access and control over the economic resources. This body shall be made available down to the local level, i.e. municipality and district levels. To get the strategies and programs effective in eradicating poverty, effort to change of the culture of poverty and to raise people capabilities are that of important and, consequently, still have to undertake. Kata kunci: kemiskinan, budaya kemiskinan, lingkaran setan kemiskinan, kelemahan strategi penanggulangan kemiskinan, dan pembangunan kelembagaan penanggulangan kemiskinan

PENGANGKATAN PUTRI MAHKOTA DAN INDIKASI PERGESERAN KONSEP KUASA JAWA: ANALISIS PENDAHULUAN Dewi, Kurniawati Hastuti
Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya Vol 19, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : P2KK LIPI

This paper analyses the awarding title to GKR Pembayun as GKR Mangkubumi, daughter of Sultan HB X of Yogyakarta Court, which indicates her promotion as Crown Princess; the next successor of Yogyakarta Court. Formerly, various socio-political analyses have been raised to understand it. This paper believed that previous analyses are not comprehensive enough, because it did not address power relations of men and women as crucial element of the Javanese concept of power. Therefore, by using gender perspectives, this paper seeks to provide a new understanding of the event, in relations to the role and position of women in Javanese concept of power. Literatur review is the primary method used in this paper. Interview method could not use as the key person recultance to be interviewed due to sensitivity of the issue. This paper reveals that the awarding title of GKR Pembayun as GKR Mangkubumi as Crown Princess indicates changes of Javanese concept of power especialy in relations to women’s role and position. In the past, according to the Javanese concept of power, men are perceived as the most suitable and appropriate figure to posess power, now women also perceived as having the same potential as men to posess power. While in past, women are in peripheral position merely due to pro-creation (reproductive) function to give borth for boys as the next successor. Now, women are believed to be able possess power and be a leader in Javanese cosmology. This all happened because the growth of Yogyakarta Court has been surrounding by the current context and challenges of globalization, social Islamisation, democratization, and gender equality. Tulisan ini menganalisis pemberian gelar baru oleh Sultan HB X kepada GKR Pembayun sebagai GKR Mangkubumi yang menandai pengangkatannya sebagai putri mahkota Keraton Yogyakarta dan dipercaya akan menjadi penerus tahta. Beragam analisis sosial dan politik telah dikemukakan mengenai makna pemberian gelar tersebut. Tulisan ini berpendapat bahwa berbagai analisis terdahulu belum sepenuhnya lengkap karena tidak mampu menyajikan analisis yang menyentuh persoalan relasi dan posisi perempuan dan laki-laki sebagai elemen penting dalam konsep kuasa Jawa. Oleh karena itu, dengan menggunakan perspektif gender, tulisan ini memberikan pemahaman baru mengenai makna pemberian gelar baru tersebut dikaitkan dengan peran dan posisi perempuan dalam konsep kuasa Jawa masa kini. Metode penarikan data adalah studi literatur karena permintaan wawancara dengan narasumber kunci tidak dapat dilakukan oleh karena sensitifitas persoalan ini. Tulisan ini menemukan bahwa pemberian gelar baru kepada GKR Pembayun sebagai GKR Mangkubumi mengindikasikan adanya pergeseran konsep kuasa Jawa khususnya terkait peran dan posisi perempuan. Jika pada masa lalu konsep kuasa Jawa mempersepsikan laki-laki sebagai yang paling mampu memiliki potensi kuasa, saat ini perempuan juga telah diposisikan sebagai pihak yang memiliki potensi kuasa sejajar dengan laki-laki. Perempuan yang dahulu berada pada posisi pinggiran dan hanya dibutuhkan karena fungsi prokreasi (reproduksi) untuk melahirkan keturunan laki-laki, kini dipercaya mampu memegang kuasa dan menjadi pemimpin dalam kosmologi Jawa. Pergeseran konsep kuasa Jawa demikian terjadi karena Keraton Yogyakarta tumbuh berkembang dalam konteks kekinian berupa globalisasi, Islamisasi sosial, demokratisasi, dan kesetaraan gender.

DIMENSI ETNO-POLITIK PEMEKARAN WILAYAH DAN PILKADA Beberapa Catatan dan Pemikiran Tirtosudarmo, Riwanto
Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya Vol 7, No 1 (2005)
Publisher : P2KK LIPI

The events surrounding Suharto’s resignation in May 1998 and its aftermath pararelly followed by the occurrences of communal conflicts in several places such as Maluku, Central Sulawesi and Kalimantan. Interestingly these communal conflicts also occurred at the same time with the process of splitting of the district territories (pemekaran) that were accelerating under the implementation of the new law of decentralization and regional autonomy in 2001. This paper utilizing the political demography perspective is a preliminary attempt to look at the possible linkages between ethnodemographic configuration and the communal conflict within particular geographic administrative boundaries and its repercussions on the process of pemekaran. As the implementation of the direct election of the local governmental head (Pilkada) is currently underway the paper also provides some notes on the ethno-political dynamics of this regional version of people’s direct election. The paper argues that ethnicity is mattered in the process of pemekaran and could be manipulated by the local elites in their attempt to obtain mass support during the Pilkada. More systematic research however is needed to better understand the complex nexus between ethnicity and local politics in Indonesia.

TULUDE: ANTARA MODERNITAS DAN TRADISI MASYARAKAT PULAU MARORE Ekawati, Esty
Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya Vol 19, No 3 (2017)
Publisher : P2KK LIPI

Pulau-pulau kecil terluar di Indonesia merupakan wilayah yang rentan dalam menghadapi hambatan dan tantangan yang berasal dari internal maupun eksternal. Perlu perlakuan khusus bagi wilayah tersebut terutama yang berbatasan dengan negara lain. Pulau Marore menjadi salah satu Pulau kecil terluar di sisi Utara Indonesia yang berbatasan langsung dengan Filipina. Sebagai pintu gerbang aktivitas tradisional dan internasional, Pulau Marore tak luput dari terpaan arus globalisasi. Tulisan ini mengkaji mengenai ketahanan sosial budaya masyarakat perbatasan di Pulau Marore yang dilihat dari kemampuan masyarakat menghadapi hambatan/tantangan secara internal dan eksternal. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan studi lapangan dan wawancara dengan masyarakat Marore. Temuan lapangan menunjukkan bahwa ketahanan sosial masyarakat Marore terbilang rentan karena memiliki keterbatasan dalam penguasaan modal alam, infrastruktur, sumber daya manusia dan perekonomian. Akan tetapi, ketahanan budaya masyarakat Marore tetap terjaga melalui suatu tradisi leluhur yang hingga kini masih dipegang teguh oleh masyarakat Sangir yakni tradisi tulude. The outermost small islands in Indonesia face an internal or external obstacles and challenges. Special treatment is needed for the islands bordering with other country. Marore Island became one of the outermost small island in the North side of Indonesia, which is directly adjacent to the Philippines. As the gates of traditional and international activities, Marore Island did not escape the onslaught of globalization. This article examines the social and cultural resilience in the border of Marore Island, seen from the ability of people facing barriers/challenges internally and externally. Data was conducted with field observation and in-depth interviews. The result show that despite Marore society has limitations in infrastructure, socio-economic, and human resources, Marore's cultural resilience is maintained through an ancestral tradition which is still firmly held by the Sangir community, namely “Tulude” tradition.

STRATEGI MITIGASI DAN ADAPTASI TERHADAP PERUBAHAN IKLIM: STUDI KASUS KOMUNITAS NAPU DI CAGAR BIOSFER LORE LINDU Purwanto, Y.; Suryanto, J.
Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya Vol 14, No 3 (2012)
Publisher : P2KK LIPI

Global climate change influences poverty phenomena and will be a challenge to community because its impact in the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem degradation. Ecosystem degradation that is brought about by climate change will affect the communities that depend on biodiversity for their livelihoods. The objective of this study are to gather knowledge and Napu community capabilities regarding to develop adaptation strategy in order to manage their biological resources. The study conducted in 2012 in Napu valley area, in the buffer zone and transition area of Lore Lindu Biosphere Reserve shows that communities have good knowledge about biodiversity and ecosystem types and spatial arrangement. Napu community knows and beliefs that climate change is the indicator of unpredictable temperature, dry season, rain season, and quantity of precipitation. Based on those conditions Napu community develops adaptation strategy with cultivation development, mixed cropping, changed in the varieties of crops, and other technique. Keywords: adaptation strategy, natural and biological resources management, climate change, Napu community Lore Lindu biosphere reserve

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