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Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University Jalan Veteran (Kampus Sumbersari) Malang 65145 Tel. (0341) 569117ext 156, 173 ; Fax. (0341) 564755 Website : http://www.pji.ub.ac.id Email :pji@ub.ac.id
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INDONESIA
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia
Published by Universitas Brawijaya
ISSN : 2461114X     EISSN : 2461114X     DOI : https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.pji
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia (PJI) is an online journal which is published twice a year by Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University. The articles published in PJI cover the themes of Clinical and Community Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Technology, and Natural Product Pharmacy/Chemistry.
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Lain-Lain)
Articles 10 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 7 No. 2 (2022)" : 10 Documents clear
Pengaruh Kombinasi Polimer PVP:EC dan HPMC:EC Terhadap Sediaan Transdermal Pada Karakteristik Patch yang Baik : Review Fuziyanti, Nova
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pji.2022.007.02.10

Abstract

Transdermal is a drug delivery system that is placed through the surface of the skin to release the active substance in a certain dose into the bloodstream. The main constituent component in the transdermal drug delivery system which has an effect on characteristics is polymer. One of the developments in the transdermal route is the manufacture of patch preparations. Physically, a good patch must be flexible, thin, smooth, homogeneous, have drying shrinkage and low moisture absorption. So the aim of this review article was to determine the effect of polymer combinations on transdermal preparations on good patch characteristics. The method used in this review article is a literature review of various journals published online, with the category of national and international journals. The results obtained 2 primary journals related to polymer combinations to transdermal preparations, namely the combination of PVP: EC and HPMC: EC. The results of the review show that the polymer combination can have an influence on the characteristics of the patch, including the fold resistance test, weight uniformity test, thickness test, drying shrinkage test and moisture absorption test.
Formulasi Sabun Cair Antibakteri Dari Kombinasi Ekstrak Daun Sirih Merah Dan Ekstrak Kulit Lidah Buaya Indrawati, Teti; Muhammad, Alfianur Azmi
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pji.2022.007.02.4

Abstract

Daun sirih merah (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav.) dan kulit lidah buaya (Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f.) mempunyai manfaat sebagai antibakteri. Tujuan dari penelitan ini adalah optimasi formula sabun cair kombinasi ekstrak daun sirih merah dan ekstrak kulit lidah buaya sebagai antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus aureus. Penelitian ini dibuat dengan cara ekstrak daun sirih merah dan kulit lidah buaya dimaserasi dengan etanol 96% dan dipekatkan dengan rotary evaporator pada suhu 50°C. Pengujian antibakteri dilakukan terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus menggunakan metode difusi sumuran. Kombinasi ekstrak daun sirih merah dan kulit lidah buaya dibuat dalam 3 perbandingan yaitu 2,5% : 7,5%, 10% : 0%, 0% : 10%. Pembuatan sabun cair antibakteri dibuat dengan metode saponifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kombinasi optimum ekstrak daun sirih merah dan kulit lidah buaya dihasilkan pada perbandingan 2,5% : 7,5% dengan aktivitas antibakteri kategori kuat sebesar 19,23 mm. Kombinasi optimum ekstrak daun sirih merah dan kulit lidah buaya 2,5% : 7,5% dapat dibuat sediaan sabun cair antibakteri yang berwarna hijau kecoklatan, pH 8, kadar alkali bebas 0,13%, bobot jenis 1,09 g/mL, stabilitas busa 87%, viskositas 160 cP, rheologi termasuk pseudoplastis tiksotropi, dan memiliki aktivitas antibakteri yang optimum dengan kategori sangat kuat sebesar 26,6 mm
Pengaruh Kombinasi Matriks terhadap Karakter Tablet Metformin HCl Lepas Lambat Sistem Floating Effervescent Hati, Melati Permata
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pji.2022.007.02.3

Abstract

The research aimed to prepare and evaluate of sustained release metformin HCl tablet with floating system. The tablets were prepared by wet granulation using HPMC K4M and chitosan as matrixes with proportions (w/w) 17.78%:4.44%; 14.44%:7.78%; 11.11%:11.11% ;7.78%;14.44%; 4.44%:17.78%. The tablets were evaluated of weight variation, drug content, hardness, friability, and in vitro floating and drug release studies. The dissolution study had been carried out for 6 hours using USP dissolution apparatus II (paddle) in 900 ml HCl pH 3.0 media at 37±0.50C. All tablet formulas showed closed similarity with the requirement physical tablet of United State Pharmacopea (USP) and Farmakope Indonesia reference. The matrixes containing higher HPMC K4M, and lower chitosan showed floating lag time decreased and duration time increased. Meanwhile, tablet disintegration was the lowest. The release test showed that all formulas did not meet the requirements dissolution metformin HCl sustained release tablet. The result of this study is sustained release tablet metformin HCl with matrixes HPMC K4M and chitosan able to float, but it did not form sustained release.
Efektivitas Dan Keamanan Terapi dengan Rejimen Bedaquiline dalam Terapi Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (TB-MDR): Kajian Sistematis Yana, I Gusti Agung Ari Kusuma
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pji.2022.007.02.8

Abstract

MDR-TB is a tuberculosis disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis which is resistant to isoniazid and rifampin with or without resistance to other first-line drugs. The development of drug-resistant tuberculosis is causing worldwide concern. Globally in 2019, almost half a million TB sufferers of which 78% had MDR-TB. In recent years, MDR-TB patients increased by 10% from 186,883 patients in 2018 to 206,030 in 2019. Bedaquiline has been recommended by WHO guidelines. Studies related to the effectiveness and safety of Bedaquiline are still few so that there is a need for qualified information to prepare a country, especially Indonesia, for the use of Bedaquiline therapy, especially since Indonesia is ranked second out of two-thirds of the total global TB. Objective: to describe the effectiveness and safety of Bedaquiline in combination therapy for the treatment of MDR-TB. Methods: The literature search was carried out independently by researchers using the online databases of Science Direct, Pubmed, and Cochrane without restrictions on the type of research and year of publication. The keywords used in this study were combined with Boolean operators, namely “bedaquiline” AND “tuberculosis” AND “multi-drug resistant”. Results: Seven studies met the inclusion criteria, the intervention of giving Bedaquiline for 24 weeks can reduce the average time of culture conversion by about 60-85 days. The percentage of culture conversion rate was higher with Bedaquiline (range 70-85%) than placebo (58%). The most common side effects are nausea and hyperuricemia. The majority of studies report a prolongation of the QT interval in patients treated with Bedaquiline. Conclusion: This systematic review showed that Bedaquiline is effective and safe to use in the treatment of MDR-TB. However, serious side effects of QT prolongation occurred in some respondents treated with Bedaquiline. Further studies need to be conducted to monitor the side effects of QT prolongation associated with the administration of Bedaquiline in the treatment of MDR-TB.
Potensi Senyawa Turunan Xanton dari Kulit Buah Manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.) Sebagai Inhibitor Protein Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Studi In Silico Maftucha, Nissa; Manalu, RosarioTrijuliamus; Amelia, Rika; Cordia, Petra; Bupu, Regina
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pji.2022.007.02.7

Abstract

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection that attacks the lungs. Tuberculosis is a dangerous disease that can cause death. In overcoming it, a safe and effective treatment is needed so that this disease can be cured. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential activity of the active compounds derived from xanthones contained in the mangosteen rind as an inhibitor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein with the comparison compound Isoniazid. The active compounds used in this study were α-mangostin, β-mangostin, γ-mangostin, garsinon, gartanin, and 8-deoxygartanin. This research uses the molecular docking method with Yasara, MarvinSketch, PubChem, PDB, and Plants 1.1 software. The results showed that the Gibss energy produced by each test ligand had a difference value, either lower or higher than the native ligand protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Lipinski screening was done to make it easier to determine a molecule or compound based on its permeability and absorption properties. The results showed that gartanin and 8-deoxygartanin complied with Lipinski's rules. Prediction of pharmacokinetic properties and toxicity was carried out using the pkCSM website and can be concluded that gartanin and 8-deoxygartanin compounds have good pharmacokinetic properties and low toxicity.
Evaluasi Parameter Mutu Ekstrak Air Daun Tahongai (Kleinhovia hospita Linn) kuncoro, Hadi; Nur Sopiati, Mutia; Rashif Rijai, Hifdzur; Agustina, Risna
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pji.2022.007.02.6

Abstract

Tahongai (Kleinhovia hospita Linn) is a medicinal plant that has various properties. This study aims to determine standardization parameters the tahongai aqueous extract. The research method was carried out by macroscopic and microscopic observations on Tahongai powder, then extracted by infusion method. The aqueous extract was then subjected to organoleptic determination, identification of secondary metabolites, determination of water soluble content and determination of water content, heavy metal contamination determination, and microbial contamination test. The result for determination of standardization parameter were: yield of the infusion was 10.38961%. Organoleptic test showed solid form, medium characteristic odor, black color and bitter taste. Identification of secondary metabolites showed a group of secondary metabolites of saponins and triterpenoids. Determination of the water soluble extract content 11.648% and the water content 10.328%. Heavy metal contamination Hg, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb and As respectively were <0.0001; <0.0001; 0.9167; 49.2815; <0.0001 and 44.1774 mg/Kg. Then on microbial contamination, the result was 8.8 x 103 colonies/g. Based on PERKABPOM No. 12 of 2014, the water extract of tahongai meets the minimum quality requirements for heavy metal content and microbial contamination.
Insurance, Policy, Knowledge Level and Epidemiology As Factors Affecting Demand And Supply of Pharmaceutical Product Cahaya, Noor; Pramestutie, Hananditia Rachma; Hati, Anita Kumala; Untari, Eka Kartika; Utami, Pinasti
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pji.2022.007.02.2

Abstract

Fulfillment of drug availability is always a challenge from year to year and is determined by supply and demand issues for pharmaceutical drugs. Good management of drugs and pharmaceutical supplies is important in health services. This is related to the quality of health services and the efficiency and effectiveness of the budget. This review study aims to examine the factors that influence drug supply and demand simultaneously with a different perspective from other studies, namely, the focus is to simultaneously discuss the effects of health insurance financing schemes, registration regulations for pharmaceutical products and imports of pharmaceutical products, the level of pharmacist knowledge, changes in disease patterns, disasters, and wars on drug supply and demand. The research design that was used in this study is a narrative review. The data sources that were used are PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The inclusion criteria in this study are all research related to the demand for pharmaceutical supplies and drugsthat will be reviewed in the study, either in the form of original research, reviews, or reports. The results obtained articles consisting of 8 articles related to health insurance financing, 6 articles related to registration regulation of pharmaceutical products and import of pharmaceutical products, 5 articles related to pharmacist knowledge level, 3 articles related to changes in disease patterns, and 3 articles related to disasters and wars. Based on the 25 articles that were used as data in this study, it was found that the factors that influence the supply and demand of pharmaceutical supplies are health insurance financing, regulation of registration drug processes and imports of pharmaceutical products, level of knowledge of pharmacists as pharmaceutical service providers, changes in disease patterns, disasters, politics, and war.
The Sensitivity of Amphotericin B, Fluconazole, and Flusitosin to Fungal Pathogens Isolated from Wounds of Diabetic Ulcer Patients Sari, Rafika
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pji.2022.007.02.1

Abstract

A diabetic ulcer is a wound caused by infection, ulceration or destruction in people with diabetes mellitus. Mostly, diabetic ulcer found in foot. The purpose of this study was to identify pathogenic fungi in diabetic ulcers and their sensitivity to fungal drugs. The morphological determination of fungal isolates was stained with Lactophenol Cotton Blue. Determination of sensitivity using diffusion discs Kirby Bauer which are classified based on Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) with Amphotericin B, Fluconazole, and Flusitosin. Based on the results of the study found 8 types of pathogenic fungi namely Candida albicans (38.78%), Candida guilliermondii (4.08%), Candida kefyr 10.20%), Candida parapsilosis (10.20%), Fusarium solani (14.29) %), Microsporum audouinii (14.29%), Penicillium sp(2.04%), Trichophyton mentagrophytes (4.08%), and Trichophyton equinum (2.04%). The fungus was identified using Gideon software and the book Description of Medical Fungi. The results of the antifungal sensitivity test showed the results were sensitive to fluconazole. Amphotericin B is intermediate to Candida albicans, Candida guilliermondii, Penicillium sp. and Trichophyton sp. and is resistant to Candida kefyr and Candida parapsilosis. Flusitosin is only an intermediate against Penicillium sp. while other fungal species are immune. The conclusion of this study. The results of diabetic ulcer swabs III and IV indicate the presence of fungal colonies with species of 9 species namely Candida albicans, Candida guilliermondii, Candida kefyr, Candida Parapsilosis, Fusarium solani, Microsporum Audouinii, Penicillium sp., Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Trichophyton equinum. Antifungal sensitivity tests on all pathogenic fungi showed sensitivity to fluconazole. Amphotericin Bintermediatrics against Candida albicans, Candida guilliermondii, Penicillium sp. and Trichophyton sp. while resistant to Candida kefyrand Candida parapsilosis. Flusitosin is only an intermediate against Penicillium sp. while other fungal species are resistant.
Efektivitas SNEDDS Kombinasi Fraksi Etil Asetat Daun Cengkodok (Melasthoma malabathricum)-Antibiotik terhadap Bakteri Hasil Isolat dari Pasien Ulkus Diabetik Sari, Rafika; Apridamayanti, Pratiwi; Pratiwi, Liza
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pji.2022.007.02.5

Abstract

Diabetic ulcer is a condition where there are neurological abnormalities and peripheral arterial vascular disease that causes infection, ulceration, and/or damage to the deepest skin tissue on the feet of people with diabetes mellitus (DM). The long duration of wound healing is due to the wrong use of antibiotics for a long time, and bacteria tend to become resistant to antibiotics. Antimicrobial compound fraction of cengkodok combined with gentamicin and ciprofloxacin antibiotics for prevention and reduction of antibiotic resistance in the cause of diabetic ulcers. The drug preparation is in the form of self nanoemulsifiying drug delivery system (SNEDDS), which is the optimum combination of cengkodok leaf fraction with gentamicin and ciprofloxacin antibiotics. The use of SNEDDS in this study is because the SNEDDS made from nanoemulsion formulations has small particle size, large surface absorption, and good dispersion, so that it can be evenly dispersed on the skin and penetrates the skin layer. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the formulation cengkodok leaf fraction with gentamicin and ciprofloxacin antibiotics against B. cereus and S. aureususing the SNEDDS drug delivery system. The test uses the spotless diffusion method without using paper discs. The results showed that the combination of cengkodok leaf fraction with gentamicin and ciprofloxacin antibiotics had better activity against B. cereus and S. aureus than cengkodok leaf fraction, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin only.
Analisis Kinerja Instalasi Farmasi RSU Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang dengan Pendekatan Balanced Scorecard Hidayati, Ika Ratna
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pji.2022.007.02.9

Abstract

The Pharmacy Installation of the University of Muhammadiyah Malang Hospital has never conducted a performance measurement so it is not known how far the management has succeeded in achieving the organization's vision and goals. In addition, performance measurement is also needed to support the hospital accreditation process. This study was conducted to analyze the performance of the Pharmacy Installation of the University of Muhammadiyah Malang Hospital with a balanced scorecard approach from growth and learning perspective, internal business perspective and costumer perspective. This research was conducted in a non-experimental descriptive for growth and learning perspectives with research variables employee satisfaction, work spirit, and retention rate of IFRSU UMM employees. In the internal business perspective, the research was conducted observationally and analyzed descriptively with the research variables, dispensing time, level of drug availability, and drug information services. From the customer perspective was conducted in a non-experimental, quantitative analytical descriptive with research variables customer satisfaction and customer growth. The data was collected with retrospective and prospective methods. This research used both qualitative and quantitative data. Qualitative data was obtained by interview. Quantitative data was obtained by questionnaires and direct observation. The results of performance research on the growth and learning perspective of employee satisfaction indicators are satisfaction with a total value of 2,724, the indicator of work spirit is high with an average total score of 3.14 and the indicator of the retention rate of IFRSU UMM employees is at a normal value with an average turnover percentage of 7.88%. The results of the performance study on the internal business perspective showed that the dispensing time indicators for regular prescriptions is 22 minutes and 32 minutes for compound prescriptions. Percentage of drug availability is 100% and the results of the evaluation study of drug information services indicators have been implemented 100%, but there are information components that are not conveyed such as dosage, side effects, duration of use, and drug storage methods. The performance customer perspective of customer satisfaction indicators with the Servqual method obtained a negative gap value indicating customers are not satisfied. Analysis using the IPA method obtained the average percentage level of conformity showed was 93,00% where the results were in accordance with the Decree of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 129 of 2008 concerning Hospital MSS. Analysis of customer growth indicators showed that the percentage results in 2019 were 101,39% and in 2020 it was 100,35%, exceeding the range of good criteria. It can be concluded the performance of the Pharmacy Installation of the University of Muhammadiyah Malang Hospital is quite good, but it is necessary to optimize and improvement.

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