International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES)
The centre of gravity of the computer industry is now moving from personal computing into embedded computing with the advent of VLSI system level integration and reconfigurable core in system-on-chip (SoC). Reconfigurable and Embedded systems are increasingly becoming a key technological component of all kinds of complex technical systems, ranging from audio-video-equipment, telephones, vehicles, toys, aircraft, medical diagnostics, pacemakers, climate control systems, manufacturing systems, intelligent power systems, security systems, to weapons etc. The aim of IJRES is to provide a vehicle for academics, industrial professionals, educators and policy makers working in the field to contribute and disseminate innovative and important new work on reconfigurable and embedded systems. The scope of the IJRES addresses the state of the art of all aspects of reconfigurable and embedded computing systems with emphasis on algorithms, circuits, systems, models, compilers, architectures, tools, design methodologies, test and applications.
Articles
456 Documents
<![CDATA[Emotion classification for musical data using deep learning techniques ]]>
<![CDATA[Gaurav Agarwal]]>;
<![CDATA[Sachi Gupta]]>;
<![CDATA[Shivani Agarwal]]>;
<![CDATA[Atul Kumar Rai]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES) Vol 12, No 2: July 2023 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/ijres.v12.i2.pp240-247
<![CDATA[This research is done based on the identification and thorough analyzing musical data that is extracted by the various method. This extracted information can be utilized in the deep learning algorithm to identify the emotion, based on the hidden features of the dataset. Deep learning-based convolutional neural network (CNN) and long short-term memory-gated recurrent unit (LSTM-GRU) models were developed to predict the information from the musical information. The musical dataset is extracted using the fast Fourier transform (FFT) models. The three deep learning models were developed in this work the first model was based on the information of extracted information such as zero-crossing rate, and spectral roll-off. Another model was developed on the information of Mel frequencybased cepstral coefficient (MFCC) features, the deep and wide CNN algorithm with LSTM-GRU bidirectional model was developed. The third model was developed on the extracted information from Mel-spectrographs and untied these graphs based on two-dimensional (2D) data information to the 2D CNN model alongside LSTM models. Proposed model performance on the information from Mel-spectrographs is compared on the F1 score, precision, and classification report of the models. Which shows better accuracy with improved F1 and recall values as compared with existing approaches.]]>
<![CDATA[Security of software defined networks: evolution and challenges ]]>
<![CDATA[Siham Aouad]]>;
<![CDATA[Issam El Meghrouni]]>;
<![CDATA[Yassine Sabri]]>;
<![CDATA[Adil Hilmani]]>;
<![CDATA[Abderrahim Maizate]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES) Vol 12, No 3: November 2023 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/ijres.v12.i3.pp384-391
<![CDATA[In software-defined networking (SDN), network traffic is managed by software controllers or application programming interfaces (APIs) rather than hardware components. It differs from traditional networks, which use switches and routers to control traffic. Using SDN, you can create and control virtual networks or traditional hardware networks. Furthermore, OpenFlow allows network administrators to control exact network behavior through centralized control of packet forwarding. For these reasons, SDN has advantages over certain security issues, unlike traditional networks. However, most of the existing vulnerabilities and security threats in the traditional network also impact the SDN network. This document presents the attacks targeting the SDN network and the solutions that protect against these attacks. In addition, we introduce a variety of SDN security controls, such as intrusion detection systems (IDS)/intrusion prevention system (IPS), and firewalls. Towards the end, we outline a conclusion and perspectives.]]>
<![CDATA[Route optimization via improved ant colony algorithm with graph network ]]>
<![CDATA[Patil N. Siddalingappa]]>;
<![CDATA[Poornima Basavaraj]]>;
<![CDATA[Preethi Basavaraj]]>;
<![CDATA[Premasudha B. Gowramma]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES) Vol 12, No 3: November 2023 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/ijres.v12.i3.pp403-413
<![CDATA[Route optimization problem using vehicle routing problem (VRP) and time window constraint is explained as finding paths for a finite count of vehicles to provide service to a huge number of customers and hence, optimizing the path in a given duration of the time window. The vehicles in the loop have restricted intake of capacity. This path initiates from the depot, delivers the goods, and stops at the depot. Each customer is to serve exactly once. If the arrival of the vehicle is before the time window “opens†or when the time window “closes,†there will be waiting for cost and late cost. The challenge involved over here is to scheduling visits to customers who are only available during specific time windows. Ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm is a meta-heuristic algorithm stimulated by the growing behaviour of real ants. In this paper, we combine the ACO algorithm with graph network henceforth increasing the number of vehicles in a particular depot for increasing the efficiency for timely delivery of the goods in a particular time width. This problem is solved by, an efficient technique known as the ACO+graph algorithm.]]>
<![CDATA[Comparative study of single precision floating point division using different computational algorithms ]]>
<![CDATA[Naginder Singh]]>;
<![CDATA[Kapil Parihar]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES) Vol 12, No 3: November 2023 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/ijres.v12.i3.pp336-344
<![CDATA[This paper presents different computational algorithms to implement single precision floating point division on field programmable gate arrays (FPGA). Fast division computation algorithms can apply to all division cases by which an efficient result will be obtained in terms of delay time and power consumption. 24-bit Vedic multiplication (Urdhva-Triyakbhyam-sutra) technique enhances the computational speed of the mantissa module and this module is used to design a 32-bit floating point multiplier which is the crucial feature of this proposed design, which yields a higher computational speed and reduced delay time. The proposed design of floating-point divider using fast computational algorithms synthesized using Verilog hardware description language has a 32-bit floating point multiplier module unit and a 32-bit floating point subtractor module unit. Xilinx Spartan 6 SP605 evaluation platform is used to verify this proposed design on FPGA. Synthesis results provide the device utilization and propagation delay parameters for the proposed design and a comparative study is done with previous work. Input to the divider is provided in IEEE 754 32-bit formats.]]>
<![CDATA[Gym training muscle fatigue monitoring using EMG myoware and arduino with envelope and sliding window methods ]]>
<![CDATA[Sena Sukmananda Suprapto]]>;
<![CDATA[Vicky Andria Kusuma]]>;
<![CDATA[Mifta Nur Farid]]>;
<![CDATA[Muhammad Agung Nursyeha]]>;
<![CDATA[Kharis Sugiarto]]>;
<![CDATA[Aji Akbar Firdaus]]>;
<![CDATA[Dimas Fajar Uman Putra]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES) Vol 12, No 3: November 2023 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/ijres.v12.i3.pp345-350
<![CDATA[Muscles are an important organ in the movement of the body's skeleton to carry out sports activities. Measurement of muscle activity during the exercise process can be done using electromyography (EMG). This research uses Myoware muscle sensor (AT-04-001) which is integrated with Arduino Uno and Xbee to monitor biceps brachii muscle fatigue wirelessly. Fatigue data processing is carried out objectively using the envelope and sliding window method and subjectively verbally from the respondents. From this study, it was found that muscle fatigue can be measured using the method objectively when there is an increase in EMG amplitude with a window size of 5 s. The indication of biceps brachii muscle fatigue for the right arm is stronger to withstand the load during exercise with the average duration of the measurement of the right arm is 41.87 s from 69.67 s; 53.53 s from 98.90 s and 76.87 s from 98.80 s with the ratio of the left arm tending to fatigue more quickly is 23.53 s from 42.13 s; 41.87 s from 51.60 s and 23.53 s from 44.73 s.]]>
<![CDATA[Experimental study on the effects of injection timing using reuse of waste energy as a fuel on a diesel engine ]]>
<![CDATA[Dvsrbm Subrahmanyam]]>;
<![CDATA[Manikandan Jegathesan]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES) Vol 12, No 3: November 2023 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/ijres.v12.i3.pp414-422
<![CDATA[In the course of this study, an eco-friendly alternative fuel was manufactured by transesterifying waste oils with the help of alcohol and a catalyst. As required by the American society for testing and materials (ASTM) requirements, we conducted an analysis on the acquired waste cooking oil biofuel (WOB) to determine its most important properties. We were successful in producing three separate fuel mixes, which we will refer to as BF100WOB0 (100% diesel), BF80WOB20 (80% diesel and 20% biofuel), and BF0WOB100 (100% biofuel) respectively. This research used a diesel engine with direct injection; the engine had a single cylinder, and the computer that operated it was located in the cabin. The results showed that the BF80WOB20 had a 3.8% increase in fuel consumption and a 1.4% loss in thermal efficiency while it was at a temperature of 26.5° b top dead center (TDC) conditions with low injection time led to decreased levels of both nitrogen oxides (NOx) and hartridge smoke level (HSL) emissions. The addition of 20% WOB to the fundamental fuel improved the engine combustion characteristics at 26.5° b TDC. This improvement occurred at the same time.]]>
<![CDATA[An effective gossip routing based wireless sensor network framework for forest fire detection ]]>
<![CDATA[Manjunathan Alagarsamy]]>;
<![CDATA[Sathya Selvaraj Sinnasamy]]>;
<![CDATA[Indhumathi Gopal]]>;
<![CDATA[Radhika Kuppusamy]]>;
<![CDATA[Anwar Basha Haffishthullah]]>;
<![CDATA[Kannadhasan Suriyan]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES) Vol 12, No 3: November 2023 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/ijres.v12.i3.pp392-402
<![CDATA[This research looks about a counsel structure that uses degree-supervised snitch to consider allocated sensor networks. Level managed snitch is a proposed process that combines evening out and invading together. This strategy reduces the number of possible messages by delivering them via the base station mechanism, hence increasing the sensor neighborhood’s presence time. The sensor district, which contains numerous sensor centers, is dynamically assigned into phases of extended clear by the use of various energy ranges at the base station. The game design divides the entire sensor neighborhood into distinct concentric zones based on distance from the base station, with the group being routed from high-capacity center to center locations within the lower-capacity zone. The transmission of information proximity of the forest fire to the base station will increase the opportunity. The primary benefit of the display is that it sends a basic event with a higher probability while also conserving the presence time of the neighborhood destiny noticing.]]>
<![CDATA[Design and development frequency reconfigurable microwave filter for wireless application ]]>
<![CDATA[Khyati Chavda]]>;
<![CDATA[Ashish Sarvaiya]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES) Vol 12, No 3: November 2023 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/ijres.v12.i3.pp496-502
<![CDATA[This paper presents a novel reconfigurable bandpass filter with three reconfigurable states used for C band wireless applications. The frequency reconfigurable is achieved using the combination of a different microstrip coupled resonator structure and switching device as PIN diodes. The open-loop filter structure provides three narrow band states at 5.1, 5.2, and 5.8 GHz. The frequency reconfiguration is obtained without compromising performances. The compact size of the proposed designed along with the targeted frequency bands at lower wireless local area network (WLAN) (5.1, 5.2 GHz), and worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) (5.8 GHz) applications. The prototype is constructed on an RT duroid 5880 substrate and tested for validation in vector network analyzer (VNA). The designed filter provides excellent selectivity and good rejection at desired resonant frequencies.]]>
<![CDATA[Self-balancing robot: modeling and comparative analysis between PID and linear quadratic regulator ]]>
<![CDATA[Lu Bin Lau]]>;
<![CDATA[Nur Syazreen Ahmad]]>;
<![CDATA[Patrick Goh]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES) Vol 12, No 3: November 2023 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/ijres.v12.i3.pp351-359
<![CDATA[A two-wheeled self-balancing robot (TWSBR) is an underactuated system that is inherently nonlinear and unstable. While many control methods have been introduced to enhance the performance, there is no unique solution when it comes to hardware implementation as the robot’s stability is highly dependent on accuracy of sensors and robustness of the electronic control systems. In this study, a TWSBR that is controlled by an embedded NI myRIO-1900 board with LabVIEW-based control scheme is developed. We compare the performance between proportional-integral-derivative (PID) and linear quadratic regulator (LQR) schemes which are designed based on the TWSBR’s model that is constructed from Newtonian principles. A hybrid PID-LQR scheme is then proposed to compensate for the individual components’ limitations. Experimental results demonstrate the PID is more effective at regulating the tilt angle of the robot in the presence of external disturbances, but it necessitates a higher velocity to sustain its equilibrium. The LQR on the other hand outperforms PID in terms of maximum initial tilt angle. By combining both schemes, significant improvements can be observed, such as an increase in maximum initial tilt angle and a reduction in settling time.]]>
<![CDATA[Design of ant lion optimization-based PEGASIS routing protocol for energy efficiency in networks ]]>
<![CDATA[Kandrakunta Chinnaiah]]>;
<![CDATA[Kunjam Nageswara Rao]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES) Vol 12, No 3: November 2023 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/ijres.v12.i3.pp478-487
<![CDATA[In sensor networks the main problem facing by many researchers is regarding the energy efficiency. Different protocols are evaluated for communicating between the sensor nodes. The routing protocol when combined with evolutionary algorithms gives best optimal solution for the problem incurred in wireless sensor networks. In this paper, ant lion energy efficient-power efficient gathering in sensor information systems (ALEEPEGASIS) is used to develop the chain. This technique can achieve a global optimization solution by finding the best cluster head or the leader node for data communication. The techniques help in distributing the paths equally while the transmission of data process is performed. By performing this process, the power consumption near the sensor nodes can be reduced. The proposed technique is compared with other techniques like energy efficient PEGASIS and swarm energy efficient PEGASIS. The parameters used to compare are number of alive nodes, number of dead nodes and residual energy. The performance is observed using MATLAB simulation results.]]>
