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Acta Chimica Asiana
Published by Universitas Mataram
ISSN : 2550049x     EISSN : 25500503     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Chemistry
Acta Chimica Asiana (online ISSN 2550-0503, print ISSN 2550-049x) is a peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes high-quality original research articles as well as review articles in all areas of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering. Significant finding that is insufficient to be presented as comprehensive paper but needs to reach the reader immediately may also be submitted as a short communication. The editors welcome original contributions that have not been published and are not under consideration elsewhere. This journal published by the Indonesian Chemical Society, Chapter Nusa Tenggara and the University of Mataram. All papers published free of charge. Upon request, language assistance may also be provided to ensure valuable works in chemistry meet their readers. Acta Chimica Asiana is a peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, as well as short communication in all areas of chemistry, including applied chemistry, and chemical engineering. Subject areas include (but are by no means limited to): 1. Analytical chemistry, including new techniques and instrumentation 2. Biochemistry and medicinal chemistry 3. Inorganic chemistry, including main group, transition metal, and f-block compounds, as well as coordination, organometallic, and solid state chemistry 4. Materials chemistry of hard and soft matter, from the nanoscale upwards 5. Nuclear chemistry and radioactivity 6. Organic chemistry, including synthesis, characterization, and properties of organic compounds, as well as study of organic reactions and their mechanisms 7. Physical chemistry and chemical physics 8. Sustainable, green, and environmental chemistry 9. Theoretical and computational chemistry
Arjuna Subject : Kimia(semua kategori) - Kimia (Lain-Lain)
Articles 128 Documents
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Photoprotective efficacy and safety evaluation of Syzygium aqueum leaf extract in topical sunscreen formulations Nurul Indriani; Lina Yunita
Acta Chimica Asiana Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : The Indonesian Chemical Society, Chapter Nusa Tenggara and The University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/aca.v9i1.258

Abstract

Abstract:  Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a major environmental hazard linked to erythema, photoaging, and skin cancers. While synthetic UV filters such as oxybenzone and octinoxate are widely used in commercial sunscreens, their potential for irritation, allergic reactions, and hormonal disruption raises safety concerns. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a sunscreen formulation using Syzygium aqueum (water apple) leaf extract, a plant rich in flavonoids, tannins, and phenolic compounds with antioxidant and UV-absorbing activity. The extract was obtained via maceration with 96% ethanol and incorporated into four cream formulations: a control without extract (F0) and three with 1%, 3%, and 5% concentrations (F1–F3). Physicochemical properties, pH, sun protection factor (SPF), and irritation potential were assessed. All formulations showed uniform consistency without phase separation, with pH values ranging from 6.3 to 6.6, which are suitable for topical application. SPF analysis revealed a concentration-dependent increase, from 7.0 in F0 to 18.0 ± 1.2 in F3, indicating enhanced photoprotective capacity. Irritation testing on  rabbits showed no erythema or edema across all samples, confirming dermatological safety. Overall, the incorporation of S. aqueum extract significantly improved UV-protective activity while maintaining skin compatibility. These findings highlight the potential of S. aqueum as a safe and effective natural sunscreen ingredient and support its application in the development of botanical-based cosmetic products.
Tinjauan Pustaka: Analisis Komposisi Rasa dalam Cairan Elektronik Menggunakan GC-MS dan Potensi Dampaknya terhadap Kesehatan Pernapasan Shalsa Septia Zulni; Mochammad Yuwono; Rury Eryna Putri; Aghnia Nabila; Rachmadi Azhar Fathoni
Acta Chimica Asiana Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : The Indonesian Chemical Society, Chapter Nusa Tenggara and The University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/aca.v9i1.260

Abstract

The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has increased substantially in recent years as an alternative to conventional tobacco smoking. E-liquids, the core component of these devices, are formulated with various flavoring chemicals to enhance user experience. However, these flavoring agents may pose potential health risks when inhaled. This study aims to systematically review the chemical constituents of e-liquid flavorings identified using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). A comprehensive literature search was conducted through PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect databases, focusing on articles published within the past ten years. The analysis concentrated on identifying chemical compounds present in a range of e-liquid flavors, including vanilla, bubble gum, coffee, tobacco, strawberry, lemon, and cannabis. The findings indicate that e-liquids commonly contain compounds such as vanillin, ethyl maltol, cinnamaldehyde, benzaldehyde, and limonene. While these substances are generally recognized for their aromatic and flavor-enhancing properties, several have been associated with adverse respiratory effects. Upon heating, these flavoring compounds undergo thermal degradation, producing harmful carbonyl derivatives such as formaldehyde and acetaldehyde. Both compounds are classified as human carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Nicotine, frequently present in e-liquids, contributes to addictive behavior and is associated with increased risks of psychological disorders. Additionally, certain studies have reported the presence of diethyl phthalate, likely introduced through contamination from packaging materials. This review highlights the critical need for stricter regulation of flavoring agents in e-liquids to mitigate their potential toxicological impact. Standardized testing and safety evaluations should be mandated prior to product approval. Furthermore, more rigorous scientific investigations are required to assess the long-term health effects of chronic exposure to inhaled flavoring chemicals. The study also underscores the importance of raising public awareness regarding the potential dangers of vaping and supports the development of comprehensive policies to control the chemical composition of e-cigarette products.
Pengaruh Perbedaan Metode Ekstraksi Terhadap Aktivitas Antibakteri (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) pada Daun Teh Hijau (Camellia sinensis L.) Baiq Rani Salsabiella; Lina Permatasari; Neneng Rachmalia Izzatul Mukhlishah; Metta Octora
Acta Chimica Asiana Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : The Indonesian Chemical Society, Chapter Nusa Tenggara and The University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/aca.v9i1.261

Abstract

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic gram-negative bacterium and is often the most common cause in people with immunocompromised problems. Infections by this bacterium, especially in patients with impaired immunity, are difficult to treat due to a number of antibiotic resistance mechanisms. The polyphenol compound Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) contained in Camellia sinensis L. is known to have antibacterial activity against several bacteria so that it has the potential as an antibiotic to overcome the problem of antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. To obtain this compound, extraction with the right method is needed. In addition, the EGCG was dominant extracted at the ethyl acetate fraction. This study aims to analyze the effect of extraction methods on EGCG content and antibacterial activity (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) of ethyl acetate fractions of green tea leaves (EAFGL). The research design is an experimental laboratory using a true experimental posttest only control group design. Green tea leaf powder was extracted with 96% ethanol using the sonication and maceration methods, then fractionated evenly with n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate solvents. The EGCG content of EAFGL was determined using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Antibacterial activity of EAFGL at the concentration 12.5; 50; 100; and 200 mg/mL were carried out using the disc diffusion method. Positive and negative control groups used Aztreonam and 10% DMSO, respectively. The antibacterial activity of EAFGL was analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney test. The results showed that EAFGL extracted using maceration revealed significantly higher EGCG content (170,97 ±17,51 µg EGCG/mg fraction). The EAFGL at a concentration of 200 mg/mL, obtained through maceration, exhibited the significantly (p<0.05) highest antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa with the inhibition zone of 16.7 mm. Therefore, maceration is an appropriate method for extracting green tea leaves, as it can produce optimal EGCG content and antibacterial activity.
Penentuan Kadar Flavonoid Total dalam Ekstrak Etanol Buah Renggak (Amomum dealbatum Roxb.) Menggunakan Spektrofotometri UV–Vis Lalu Ardian Hadi; Rizqa Fersiyana Deccati; Handa Muliasari; Nisa Isneni Hanifa
Acta Chimica Asiana Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : The Indonesian Chemical Society, Chapter Nusa Tenggara and The University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/aca.v9i1.278

Abstract

The local plant, Amomum dealbatum Roxb. (A. dealbatum), is native to Lombok Island. This plant is a member of the Zingiberaceae family, which is recognised to have antifungal and antibacterial properties due to the presence of secondary metabolites, particularly flavonoids. Nevertheless, there is still little information and few reports regarding the overall flavonoid content of A. dealbatum fruit. As a chemical marker to support an extract’s quality control and pharmacological effects, Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) determination is crucial. The purpose of this work was to use UV-Vis spectrophotometry to measure the TFC in the ethanol extract of A. dealbatum fruit. Using a 1:10 solvent: simplicia ratio and maceration with 96% ethanol, the extraction procedure was completed. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and the Wilstatter test were then used to identify the extracted material qualitatively. Using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer and a colourimetric approach, TFC was measured. The ethanol extract of A. dealbatum fruit contained flavonoids, as indicated by the qualitative analysis. The TFC values were 3.0833 ± 0.1439 mg rutin equivalent (RE)/g extract and 0.4858 ± 0.0014 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/g extract. These findings suggest that the ethanol extract of A. dealbatum contains more flavonoid glycosides than flavonoid aglycones. This finding shows potential for further development. As this study is still limited to TFC at the extract level, further research on TFC at the fraction, sub-fraction, and isolate levels is needed to obtain more specific information about the active compounds contributing to its biological activities. In addition, further pharmacological testing is required to confirm the therapeutic potential of A. dealbatum and support its development as a candidate raw material for traditional medicine industries.
In silico comparative study of substituted xanthone derivatives with hydrazone, ester, and ether groups as antituberculosis agents M. Ibnu Sabil; Anggi Wilian Namira; Naufalika Dzahabiyyaa; Diah Miftahul Aini; Emmy Yuanita
Acta Chimica Asiana Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : The Indonesian Chemical Society, Chapter Nusa Tenggara and The University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/aca.v9i1.281

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health challenge, particularly due to the increasing emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The discovery of novel antituberculosis agents with new mechanisms of action is therefore urgently needed. Xanthone derivatives have attracted considerable attention due to their broad range of biological activities, including antibacterial and antituberculosis effects. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of xanthone derivatives as inhibitors of serine/threonine protein kinase (PknG) of M. tuberculosis through an in silico molecular docking approach. The crystal structure of the target protein (PDB ID: 4Y0X) was obtained from the Protein Data Bank and prepared using Chimera and Discovery Studio. Ligand structures were designed and optimized using ChemDraw, HyperChem, and GaussView, and molecular docking was performed using AutoDock Vina. The binding interactions were analyzed using LigPlot+ to identify key amino acid residues involved in ligand–protein interactions. The docking results showed that Hydrazone-Xhantone exhibited the highest binding affinity toward PknG as a value of –8.9 kcal/mol, which was slightly better than native ligand (–8.8 kcal/mol). Hydrazone-Xhantone formed stable hydrogen bonds with key active site residues, including SER106, GLY131, and ASP191, with bond lengths ranging from 2.06 to 2.16 Å. Other candidates showed lower binding affinities and fewer stabilizing interactions. The results indicate that Hydrazone-Xhantone has promising potential as a PknG inhibitor and may serve as a lead compound for further antituberculosis drug development. This study highlights the usefulness of molecular docking as a preliminary screening tool in the rational design of new antituberculosis agents.
Systematic literature review on slow/ controlled release fertilizers (SCRF) material: fabrication methods, characteristics, nutrient release, and crop yield effects Suci Setia Crise Manullang; Fitri Khoerunnisa
Acta Chimica Asiana Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : The Indonesian Chemical Society, Chapter Nusa Tenggara and The University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/aca.v9i1.283

Abstract

Slow/controlled-release fertilizers (SCRF) are increasingly adopted to improve nutrient-use efficiency and reduce environmental losses amid fertilizer price volatility and sustainability demands. This systematic literature review synthesizes recent SCRF evidence by linking fabrication methods, material characteristics, nutrient release behavior, and agronomic outcomes. A structured search was conducted in ScienceDirect for open-access English research articles published between 2021–2025, focusing on urea-based SCRF that reported material composition/characterization, nutrient release profiles, soil indicators, and/or crop productivity. Thirty-eight studies met the inclusion criteria. The SCRFs were grouped into five material classes: synthetic polymers, natural/biobased polymers, biochar-based composites, inorganic minerals, and inhibitor/multifunctional systems. Fabrication was dominated by coating/encapsulation and blending to form core–shell granules (common in synthetic polymers), while polymerization, cross-linking, and casting frequently produced hydrogels or porous 3D networks (typical of biopolymers). Across studies, surface chemistry (hydrophobic versus hydrophilic functional groups) and coating integrity governed water ingress and release mechanisms (diffusion-barrier release versus swelling/degradation-assisted release), yet mechanical and swelling reporting remained inconsistent. Overall, SCRF improved crop yields relative to conventional fertilizers, with reported gains ranging from 1.47% to over 100% depending on material type, crop, and trial conditions. Key trade-offs persist between long-duration release precision, cost, and biodegradability, and cross-study comparison is limited by non-uniform biodegradation tests. Several papers assessed nitrogen-use efficiency and soil indicators (e.g., leaching or gaseous losses), but protocols and reporting units varied. Incorporating inhibitors or mineral fillers can further extend release, yet may increase persistence risks and complicate environmental fate assessment. Future work should standardize performance metrics and develop hybrid designs that balance release control, durability, and environmental fate.
The larvicidal activity of auraptene: oxygeranylated coumarin from Limonia acidissima L. Siti Mariyatul Ulfah; Tjitjik Srie Tjahjandarie; Mulyadi Tanjung; Ratih Dewi Saputri; Eva Marliana
Acta Chimica Asiana Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : The Indonesian Chemical Society, Chapter Nusa Tenggara and The University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/aca.v9i1.288

Abstract

Limonia acidissima  L. (Rutaceae) is a plant rich in coumarin compounds and has been used in traditional medicine. One of the main coumarin compounds reported from the roots of this plant is auraptene (7-oxygeranylcoumarin), which has previously been reported to have antioxidant activity. With increasing cases of vector-borne diseases, especially dengue fever transmitted by Aedes aegypti, the development of effective and environmentally friendly natural larvicides is needed. This study aimed to evaluate the larvicide activity of auraptene, building on previous research. The larvicide test was carried out using the WHO larval bioassay method on third-instar A. aegypti larvae at concentrations of 25–500 ppm within an exposure time of 24 h. Mortality data were analyzed using probit analysis to determine the Lethal Concentration 50% (LC50) value. The results showed that auraptene increased larval mortality with an LC50 of 145.29 ± 0.02 ppm after 24 h of exposure. This value indicates that auraptene is classified as an active natural larvicide. In conclusion, auraptene has the potential to be developed as a natural larvicidal candidate against A. aegypti and may expand the spectrum of biological activity of coumarin compounds from L. acidissima L.
Materials modeling of Ge-based nanostructure through metalloid/metal group 13 adsorption compared to Li in ion batteries: monitoring density of states for structural, physical and electronic properties analysis Fatemeh Mollaamin
Acta Chimica Asiana Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : The Indonesian Chemical Society, Chapter Nusa Tenggara and The University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/aca.v9i1.300

Abstract

Boron group-based materials, with impressive capacity utilization and self-healing ability, provide better alternatives for alkali metal ion batteries that exhibit all-round performance with the balance of energy/power density and cycling stability. Germanium carbide (GeC) has been designed and characterized as an anode electrode for lithium (Li), boron (B), aluminum (Al) and gallium (Ga)-ion batteries due to forming X2(GeC) (X = Li, B, Al, Ga) nanoclusters. A vast study on energy-saving by X2(GeC) complexes was probed using computational approaches due to density state analysis of charge density differences (CDD), total density of states (TDOS) and molecular electrostatic potential (ESP) for hybrid clusters of X2(GeC). A small portion of Li, B, Al or Ga entered the Ge–C layer could improve the structural stability of the electrode material at high multiplicity, thereby improving the capacity retention rate. Higher Ge/C content can increase battery capacity through X2(GeC) nanoclusters for energy storage process and improve the rate performances by enhancing electrical conductivity. Besides, GeC anode material may advance cycling consistency by excluding electrode decline and augments the capacity owing to higher surface capacitive impacts. In this research article, the recent progress of boron, aluminum or gallium -based anodes and their storage mechanism is presented. 

Page 13 of 13 | Total Record : 128

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