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Konfrontasi: Jurnal Kultural, Ekonomi dan Perubahan Sosial
Published by Budapest International Research and Critics University
ISSN : 1410881X     EISSN : 27162095     DOI : 10.33258
Core Subject : Economy, Humanities, Social,
Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Social Sciences
Konfrontasi: Jurnal Kultural, Ekonomi dan Perubahan Sosial is a peer-reviewed journal published in March, June, September and December by BIRCU Publisher in association with Himpunan Indonesia untuk Pengembangan Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial (HIPIIS- Indonesian Association for the Development of Social Sciences), Asosiasi Dosen Ilmu-ilmu Adab (ADIA-Association of Humanities Lectures) and English Studies Association in Indonesia (ESAI) . Konfrontasi welcomes articles in culture, economics, social and other related areas published both online and printed version.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Ilmu Sosial (Lain-Lain)
Articles 263 Documents
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Maternal Health Status in Dikwa Local Government Area of Borno State, Nigeria Ojemeiri Karl Airaoje; Atinuke Olubukade Akintayo; Aruaye Afeye Obada; Chinelo Ebele Uchendu
Konfrontasi: Jurnal Kultural, Ekonomi dan Perubahan Sosial Vol 12 No 1 (2025): Konfrontasi, March
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/konfrontasi2.v12i1.328

Abstract

Maternal health, encompassing the physical and emotional well-being of women during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period, remains a critical issue in Nigeria, a country facing significant healthcare challenges. Despite being Africa’s most populous nation, Nigeria has one of the highest maternal mortality rates globally, with 512 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2020, representing approximately 14% of global maternal deaths. Key factors contributing to this crisis include complications such as hemorrhage, infections, and eclampsia, alongside a shortage of trained healthcare personnel, particularly in rural areas. Socio-economic disparities further exacerbate the problem. The study discovered that 62.8% of the respondents in this study are unemployed and 42.8% earning less than ₦20,000 per month, restricting their ability to access healthcare. Also, 59.1% of respondents are married, while a significant proportion (32.2%) are aged 20-29 years and 30% are under 20, highlighting trends of early marriage and childbearing. The findings revealed that 44.4% of respondents prefer traditional birth attendants over medical professionals, reflecting a deep-rooted trust in traditional practices. Similarly, accessibility issues are evident, with 61.9% reporting poor infrastructure and long travel distances to healthcare facilities, while 79.4% cite financial barriers. Also, employment instability affects 47.8% of respondents, which further limiting access to care. Widespread dissatisfaction with service quality is reported, with only 18.1% rating healthcare services as excellent. Conclusively, these findings highlight the need for culturally sensitive, community-based interventions that address socio-economic, infrastructural, and cultural barriers to maternal health in Nigeria.
Use of Virtual Reality in Public Relations Campaign Joshua Kayode Okunade; Toyin O. Akintola
Konfrontasi: Jurnal Kultural, Ekonomi dan Perubahan Sosial Vol 12 No 2 (2025): Konfrontasi, June
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/konfrontasi2.v12i2.329

Abstract

Virtual Reality (VR) has emerged as a transformative technology with the potential to revolutionize various industries, including public relations (PR). VR offers immersive experiences that can engage audiences in ways traditional media cannot. As Virtual Reality (VR) emerges as a potential game-changer in public relations (PR) campaigns, it is essential to assess the challenges and opportunities associated with its integration critically. Two theoretical frameworks, the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Media Richness Theory (MRT), were deployed in the study. The research adopted a survey method using questionnaire to generate data. This study underscores the transformative potential of VR to enhance audience engagement, brand recall, and emotional connections. The findings reveal that younger, educated, and tech-savvy demographics are particularly receptive to VR, validating its appeal to dynamic audiences. While VR demonstrates strong potential in creating immersive and interactive experiences, barriers such as high costs, limited technical expertise, and compatibility challenges hinder its widespread adoption. The findings reveal that younger, educated, and tech-savvy demographics are particularly receptive to VR, validating its appeal to dynamic audiences. While VR demonstrates strong potential in creating immersive and interactive experiences, barriers such as high costs, limited technical expertise, and compatibility challenges hinder its widespread adoption. This study underscores the transformative potential of VR to enhance audience engagement, brand recall, and emotional connections.
Use of Digital Media Platforms for Social Change in Nigeria Joy Collins-Dike; Richard N. Amadi; Dike Harcourt Whyte; Njoku C. Justice; Hauwa Mohammed Kawo
Konfrontasi: Jurnal Kultural, Ekonomi dan Perubahan Sosial Vol 12 No 2 (2025): Konfrontasi, June
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/konfrontasi2.v12i2.330

Abstract

The increasing penetration of digital media platforms in Nigeria has significantly transformed social activism, civic engagement, and public discourse. This study examines the role of digital media in driving social change, focusing on its impact on advocacy, governance, human rights, and community mobilization. Platforms such as Twitter, Facebook, WhatsApp, and Instagram have become critical tools for raising awareness, shaping public opinion, and influencing policy decisions. The #EndSARS movement, among other online campaigns, has demonstrated how digital activism can translate into real-world change. Additionally, digital platforms have facilitated access to educational resources, health information, and grassroots fundraising initiatives, bridging gaps in communication and social development. However, challenges such as digital illiteracy, misinformation, internet censorship, and disparities in digital access continue to hinder the effectiveness of digital advocacy in Nigeria. Despite these obstacles, the study highlights the growing potential of digital media as a force for social transformation and calls for improved digital literacy, policy reforms, and enhanced infrastructure to maximize its impact. The findings contribute to understanding how digital media can be leveraged for inclusive and sustainable social change in Nigeria. In the area of education and health, digital platforms have played a transformative role. Online learning platforms and social media pages provide access to educational resources, bridging the gap for people in underserved communities.
Child Abuse in Nigerian Polity: A Content Analysis on Two Major Newspapers Joshua Kayode Okunade; Martha A. Odutola; Timothy Ekeledirichukwu Onyejelem
Konfrontasi: Jurnal Kultural, Ekonomi dan Perubahan Sosial Vol 12 No 2 (2025): Konfrontasi, June
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/konfrontasi2.v12i2.331

Abstract

This study employed a content analysis on child abuse in Nigerian polity regarding two major newspapers in Nigeria, The Nation and The Guardian newspapers from January to December, 2022. Specifically, the study sought to find out the frequency of the coverage of child abuse in Nigeria newspapers, determine what category of story has the highest report in the newspapers, ascertain which newspaper shows a higher commitment to the coverage of child abuse, examine the level of prominence given to child abuse by Nigerian newspapers, and assess the direction, tone, and slant used in the reports by Nigerian newspapers. Adoption of systematic random sampling, which was used to select the sample size of the study, and purposive sampling, which was used to select two major newspapers to enable adequate knowledge of all issues in the selected newspapers for the study, were used as the sampling techniques in the process of selecting the issues for the newspapers that were analysed. The occurrences were analysed using descriptive statistics. Descriptive statistics include frequency counts and percentages with the use of SPSS version 23. The study adopted the Agenda Setting Theory. The findings showed that child abuse stories were under-reported. Only 55 issues out of 146 issues that were analysed have reports on child abuse, this means only 38% of news stories for the year 2022 from January to December 2022 had reports on child abuse while 62% had none. From this study, it was discovered that newspapers do not commit to reporting stories on child abuse. The study, therefore, recommended that efforts should be made by newspaper houses to ensure all child abuse stories are reported with in-depth analysis and are positioned on the front page of every newspaper. More so, the selected newspapers should put more attention on the fight against child abuse, because so many Nigerians are waiting to be educated and informed by the press.
Effect of Tech-Facilitated Gender-Based Violence on social media communication in Nigeria Funmi Falobi
Konfrontasi: Jurnal Kultural, Ekonomi dan Perubahan Sosial Vol 12 No 2 (2025): Konfrontasi, June
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/konfrontasi2.v12i2.332

Abstract

Tech-Facilitated Gender-Based Violence (TFGBV) has become a significant issue in the global context, including in Nigeria, where the rapid growth of social media use intersects with existing gender-based inequalities. In Nigeria, the effects of TFGBV on social media communication are both profound and wide-ranging, influencing individuals, communities, and even the broader societal discourse. Misogyny and tech-facilitated gender-based violence (TFGBV) are escalating concerns in Nigeria, reflecting broader societal gender inequalities exacerbated by digital technologies. This paper explores the evolving trends, contexts, and impacts of TFGBV, including online harassment, cyberstalking, doxxing, and non-consensual sharing of intimate images. Social media and digital platforms have become both sites of empowerment and oppression, where misogynistic narratives thrive, often with limited legal and institutional accountability. Cultural norms, weak regulatory frameworks, and inadequate enforcement mechanisms further enable perpetrators while silencing victims. Through a critical analysis of case studies, policy responses, and advocacy efforts, this study highlights the urgent need for comprehensive legal reforms, digital literacy programs, and multi-stakeholder collaborations to combat TFGBV. Addressing these issues is essential for fostering a safer digital environment and advancing gender equality in Nigeria.
Media Manipulating Allegiances: The Ibrahim Babangida Regime and the Politics of Loyalty, Propaganda, and Elite Control in Nigeria Olayinka Babatunde Adebogun; Ololade Olatunji Lateef; Omotola Ogunbola; Timothy Ekeledirichukwu Onyejelem
Konfrontasi: Jurnal Kultural, Ekonomi dan Perubahan Sosial Vol 12 No 2 (2025): Konfrontasi, June
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/konfrontasi2.v12i2.333

Abstract

The regime of Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida (IBB), Nigeria’s military ruler from 1985 to 1993, was marked by a sophisticated strategy of political manipulation designed to consolidate power, maintain elite loyalty, and control public perception. This study examines how Babangida’s government deployed propaganda, patronage networks, and psychological tactics to shape political allegiances and suppress dissent. By leveraging state-controlled media, co-opting influential elites, and fostering a culture of political uncertainty, the regime engineered a system where loyalty was rewarded while opposition was systematically neutralized. Through an analysis of government policies, media narratives, and elite interactions during this period, the paper highlights how Babangida’s administration blurred the lines between governance and manipulation. The institutionalization of prebendalism, coupled with calculated misinformation campaigns, allowed the regime to maintain a façade of democracy while orchestrating one of Nigeria’s most prolonged transitions to civilian rule. Additionally, the annulment of the 1993 presidential election, widely regarded as free and fair, underscored the regime’s ultimate reliance on deception and control to maintain its grip on power. This paper contributes to the broader discourse on authoritarian governance in postcolonial Africa by illustrating how Babangida’s rule set a precedent for political maneuvering that continues to shape Nigeria’s democratic trajectory. It also underscores the enduring impact of elite manipulation on political institutions and public trust in governance.
Blurring Boundaries: Comparing Professional Journalism and Citizen Journalism in the Age of Social Media Musa Adamu Labaran
Konfrontasi: Jurnal Kultural, Ekonomi dan Perubahan Sosial Vol 10 No 3 (2023): Konfrontasi, September
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/konfrontasi2.v10i3.284

Abstract

The advent of the new media facilitated the creation, modifying and sharing of information among citizens. It is as a result of these that a participatory brand of journalism called citizen journalism came into existence. This paper interrogates the question of what is new about the new media, the influence of new media on conventional media, the internet as a global new media, new media, social media and online journalism, the concept of citizen journalism, perspectives on the practice of citizen journalism, and criticisms of citizen journalism. Based on the secondary data that was generated from the existing literature, the paper argues that the rise of social media has significantly transformed the landscape of journalism, leading to a growing convergence between professional journalism and citizen journalism. This paper explores how the boundaries between these two forms of journalism have become increasingly porous in the digital age. The paper points that the age of social media necessitates a redefinition of journalistic authority, suggesting a more hybrid model where collaboration and coexistence between professional and citizen journalists may shape the future of news production. The paper concludes that the rise of social media has significantly reshaped the landscape of journalism, eroding the once-clear distinctions between professional and citizen journalism. As citizens gain access to tools and platforms for immediate content creation and distribution, they increasingly participate in news production, especially during breaking events or crises. This shift challenges the monopoly of traditional media institutions on information dissemination and redefines the role of journalists in society.
Researching Media in the Digital Performance: Methods and Techniques Babatunde Covenant Olugbenga; Muhammad Ridwan
Konfrontasi: Jurnal Kultural, Ekonomi dan Perubahan Sosial Vol 12 No 2 (2025): Konfrontasi, June
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/konfrontasi2.v12i2.335

Abstract

The intersection of media and performance has undergone a profound transformation in the digital age, giving rise to new paradigms of creation, dissemination, and audience engagement. This paper explores the methodologies and techniques used to research media within the context of digital performance, a field that merges traditional performance practices with digital technologies such as virtual reality, augmented reality, live streaming, and interactive media. Through a critical examination of qualitative and practice-based research methods including ethnography, digital ethnography, performance analysis, and creative practice as research this study maps the evolving landscape of media in digital performance. It also addresses key challenges such as ephemerality, interactivity, and technological mediation. The aim is to provide a comprehensive framework for scholars and practitioners to navigate and interrogate this rapidly evolving field, contributing to the broader discourse on digital humanities, media studies, and performance theory.
Nigeria’s Freedom of Information Act 2011, its Usage among Journalists in Katsina State Ibrahim Abdulkadir
Konfrontasi: Jurnal Kultural, Ekonomi dan Perubahan Sosial Vol 12 No 3 (2025): Konfrontasi, September
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/konfrontasi2.v12i3.343

Abstract

The aim of this study is to review the provisions of the freedom of information Act 2011, and investigate its usage among journalists in Katsina state. The study strives to find out whether journalists in Katsina state are aware of the Act, to assess provisions of the Act that give access to public information and find out whether journalists in Katsina state use the Act. In order to achieve these, the study used quantitative method whereby a survey was carried out using questionnaire as its tool of data gathering. The study was guided by the Social Responsibility theory as its theoretical framework. Findings indicate that the freedom of information Act contains more sections which deny access to public information than those that give access, and that journalists in Katsina State are aware of the Act. The study argues that ignorance on the part of some journalists and bureaucracy on the part of managers of public information are factors affecting the workability of the Act in Katsina State. The study recommends that all sections of the Act which deny access to information should be amended, stakeholders, governments at all levels, media owners and managers should organise workshops and seminars for journalists and the general public to enlighten them on the provisions of the Act and on how to use the Act. The media at all times should be allowed to publish or broadcast what it professionally deems fit for public consumption, without prior censorship. The Nigeria union of journalists and other media unions should make it mandatory that all registered journalists must buy a copy of the freedom of information Act. The study hopes to serve as a reference to all journalists in Katsina State in offering useful tips on the provisions and effective usage of the Act, and thus make little contribution to improving the practice of investigative journalism in Katsina State.
Investigative Journalism and Risk Management Frameworks: Strategies for Protecting Journalists in High-Risk Environments of the Niger Delta Timothy Ekeledirichukwu Onyejelem
Konfrontasi: Jurnal Kultural, Ekonomi dan Perubahan Sosial Vol 12 No 3 (2025): Konfrontasi, September
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/konfrontasi2.v12i3.344

Abstract

Investigative journalism is a cornerstone of accountability, transparency, and democratic health, yet its practitioners often venture into perilous territories. In regions like the Niger Delta, known for its volatile mix of resource-driven conflicts, widespread environmental degradation, organised crime, corruption, and political instability, journalists face a particularly acute and complex web of threats. This paper sets out to explore the critical intersection of investigative journalism and risk management, with a keen focus on practical strategies for protecting journalists operating in such hostile environments as the Niger Delta. Specifically, it aims to: Examine the multifaceted risks of physical, digital, legal, and psychological confronting investigative journalists in high-risk zones, particularly within the Niger Delta; and identify and analyse both individual coping mechanisms and institutional support frameworks designed to mitigate these dangers in the context of the region's specific threats. Utilising philosophies from media safety studies, risk communication theories, and research on press freedom, this study offers a comprehensive framework for understanding how journalists perceive, communicate, and manage hazards. These theoretical frameworks elucidate the systemic challenges encountered by journalists and the strategic measures required to operate in contexts where the quest for truth frequently results in significant consequences, especially in the context of persistent environmental and political instability characteristic of the Niger Delta, This paper employs a comprehensive review of recent academic literature, empirical studies, and real-world case studies predominantly focused on investigative journalism in high-risk zones, with a particular emphasis on the African context, including the Niger Delta. This approach allows for the identification of recurring patterns of threats, effective mitigation strategies, and emerging best practices in journalist protection, while also considering the unique digital media ecosystem challenges faced by journalists in the region, The findings highlight that journalists in the Niger Delta and similar high-risk areas grapple with pervasive threats ranging from physical violence, arbitrary detention, and kidnapping to sophisticated digital surveillance and severe psychological stress. These threats are often exacerbated by the region’s specific challenges, including militancy, oil theft, and the activities of powerful economic and political actors. Effective protection strategies are found to be multifaceted, encompassing individual preparedness (e.g., advanced safety training, encrypted communication, meticulous source protection) and robust institutional support (e.g., strong press unions, clear organisational safety protocols, international solidarity, and legal aid).

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