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PASCA: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen
Published by Sekolah Tinggi Theologia Baptis Indonesia Semarang
ISSN : 23380489     EISSN : 26221144     DOI : 10.46494
Core Subject : Religion, Humanities, Education, Social,
Religion Humanities Social Sciences Other
PASCA is a journal published periodically by the Institute for Research and Community Service (LPPM) of the Indonesian Baptist Theological Institute (STBI) Semarang. Published regularly twice in one year, in May and November. This journal holds scientific work and research results in theological studies and Christian religious education with the scope of: Theology Old and New Testament Studies, Missiology and Contextualization, Religious Studies, Christian Education. Only manuscripts that are deemed worthy of publication will be published. The eligibility of the paper follows the guidelines and provisions contained in the Author Guidelines.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Ilmu Sosial (Lain-Lain)
Articles 130 Documents
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Kristen Progresif Sebagai Inflitrasi Gerakan Zaman Baru ke dalam Gereja Kontemporer Laurentia Donna Maria; Setyobekti, Andreas Budi
PASCA : Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen Vol 20 No 2 (2024): PASCA: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Baptis Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46494/psc.v20i2.358

Abstract

The emergence of the Progressive Christian sect in Indonesia, initiated by Tiktoker Brian Siawarta through various video uploads both on his Tiktok and Instagram social media, has caused a disruption among the church. This is mainly because of his teaching which states that there is salvation outside the Lord Jesus, one of which is through good deeds or loving your neighbour. Previous researcher, Royke Lantupa Kumowal, studied this sect as a form of universalist gnosticism because they positioned themselves as having secret knowledge or revelations that were not revealed to other Christians. Another writer, Kevin Nobel, highlights the nuances of liberal theology in this sect which he draws far back, namely since the sexual revolution period in the 1960s. This research uses a literature study method to compare the main components of the New Age Movement (NAM) with Progressive Christian teachings. The research results show that there are significant similarities between the two in the aspects of pantheism, reincarnation, relativism and esotericism. In conclusion, the Progressive Christian sect can be seen as a form of NAM’s infiltration into the church by using Christian terminology that seeks to match the identity and language of Christians in order to "if possible, deceive the very elect" (Matt.24:24).
Book Review: The Cambridge Companion to Biblical Wisdom Literature (Part 1) Mapule, Ashar; Ardin Sitompul
PASCA : Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen Vol 20 No 2 (2024): PASCA: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Baptis Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46494/psc.v20i2.366

Abstract

The book titled The Cambridge Companion to Biblical Wisdom Literature, written by Katharine J. Dell, Suzanna R. Millar, and Arthur Jan Keefer, and published by Cambridge University Press, aims to provide valuable information about the writing of Old Testament books with the hope of assisting anyone studying these books. This book focuses on texts that fall within the genre of literature and poetry, specifically the books of Job, Proverbs, and Ecclesiastes. It presents the historical and cultural background of ancient Egypt and the Near East during that time and its relation to the writing of literary and poetic books such as Job, Proverbs, and Ecclesiastes, as well as the theological values contained within them. Overall, this book is highly recommended for theological studies related to books within the genre of literature and poetry.
Hamba Tuhan dan Tuan: Pemikiran Teologis Menurut Kesetaraan Status Dalam Justifikasi Allah Desima Djumetan
PASCA : Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen Vol 20 No 2 (2024): PASCA: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Baptis Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46494/psc.v20i2.367

Abstract

The Book of Philemon describes a slave named Onesimus who ran away from his master, Philemon (a rich man). It is possible that Onesimus took away money or valuables (18-19) or in another narrative Onesimus left his master's house dishonorably or an act that should not have been tolerated by Philemon who was a servant of God, who did not compromise with sin after experiencing repentance. Indirectly, the Apostle Paul asked Philemon not to demand compensation in any form by showing himself as the person responsible for what Onesimus had experienced. Was the Apostle Paul on the side of evil or was it because the Apostle Paul had arrested Onesimus in the Gospel of Christ? because at that time the escape of a slave was a crime and was a major highlight. There were even soldiers specifically designated to chase down the escapees. Slaves who did not have a hiding place or protection usually ran to big cities and hid among the crowds of people in the city. This was a threat to slaves not to live as they pleased with their masters. This research aims to get answers about the condition or fate of slaves who have wronged their masters and the new status for slaves after being found in a fatal error. The contents of the book contain a solid and high-quality message. In this research the author used the (library) method or library search. The Apostle Paul softened Philemon's request, because as fellow servants God must love all sinners and release forgiveness by being together at home and being part of God's family who trust each other.  Servants of God are given God's authority to share the gospel of Christ.
Implementasi Project Based Learning Menggunakan Barang Bekas Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar dan Sikap Gotong Royong Pada Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Kristen Kelas 5 SD Kristen Imanuel Semarang Joan Silva Setyowati; Karnawati; Tjie Fu Sien
PASCA : Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen Vol 20 No 2 (2024): PASCA: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Baptis Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46494/psc.v20i2.368

Abstract

This study examines the learning process of Christian Religious Education for Grade 5 at Immanuel Christian Elementary School in Semarang, which faces challenges such as students scoring below the school’s Minimum Competency Criteria (KKM) of 75, inadequate learning facilities, low student collaboration skills, the dominance of lecture methods, and the absence of teaching modules and visual aids. The research utilized a qualitative descriptive method with a classroom action research approach developed by Kemmis and McTaggart (1998), conducted during the 2023-2024 academic year. The study consisted of two cycles. In the Pre-Cycle phase, 8 out of 18 students scored below the KKM. In Cycle 1, the students’ average scores improved, with three students still below the KKM, and significant improvements were observed in lesson preparation. Cycle 2 showed further progress, with pre-test results reaching 70% and post-test results achieving 90%. Students' teamwork attitudes improved from 62.2% in Cycle 1 to 83.3% in Cycle 2, with enhancements in aspects such as cooperation, communication, adaptability, and responsibility. The Project-Based Learning (PjBL) approach received positive feedback from students, teachers, and parents. The use of recycled materials made the content more engaging and memorable for students. It can be concluded that PjBL is effective in improving learning outcomes and teamwork attitudes in Christian Religious Education. Recommendations include improving learning facilities, such as access to the internet, libraries, and laboratories; encouraging innovative teaching strategies; and conducting further research on the application of PjBL in other subjects or schools with different characteristics, as well as exploring the role of technology in supporting PjBL.
Allah Transendental yang Dinamis: Kristus Pembebas dalam Gustavo Gutierrez dan Aloysius Pieris Sitorus, Gideon Hasiholan; Simarmata, Rikky Fransiskus
PASCA : Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen Vol 20 No 2 (2024): PASCA: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Baptis Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46494/psc.v20i2.369

Abstract

This article aims to offer an alternative understanding of the dynamic transcendental God based on the thoughts of Gustavo Gutierrez and Aloysius Pieris. The paradigm of Christ's position as the initiator in liberation and struggle both agree, but in terms of praxis they differ. If Gutierrez rejects intervention from the Almighty with the realization that God has oriented liberation and struggle to every human being, so humans cannot be free from the responsibility to fight for liberation. Pieris contradicts this by prioritizing God's involvement. With an emphasis that God still participates in every liberation and struggle carried out by humans through fellowship in Christ. This involvement is full of prosocial actions so that liberation for the oppressed, marginalized and shackled can be overcome. Through descriptive qualitative research method with literature study and supported by the use of dialectical materialism lens. Data will be obtained through various research results, journals, documents, books and other harmonized information. This article will conclude with a dialogue between Gutierrez and Pieris about the dynamic transcendental God in Jesus Christ who is integrated into the reality of poverty itself. As a result, this paper shows that both Gutierrez and Pieris are calling on all human beings to overcome repressive and even exploitative social structures by prioritizing the realization of the liberative action of the historical and humanist Jesus in the world.
Kompleksitas Suara Ester: Negosiasi Subaltern atau Privilese? Setiawan, Yohanes
PASCA : Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen Vol 20 No 2 (2024): PASCA: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Baptis Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46494/psc.v20i2.373

Abstract

Marginalized groups are often denied an authentic voice within dominant power structures. This issue is relevant to understanding representation, power, and inequality in different social, political, and cultural contexts. This article seeks to explore the complexities of Esther's representation and identity from the perspectives of the subaltern and liberation theology. It critically examines Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak's question, "Can the subaltern speak?" by analyzing Esther's dual identity as subaltern and non-subaltern.  Using textual analysis, this study aims to deepen understanding of how Esther's narrative challenges traditional notions of power, agency, and representation. The analysis found that Esther's voice can only be heard when she is socially aligned with the dominant authority structure in the socio-political context.
Book Review: The Good Shepherd: A Thousand – Year Journey from Psalm 23 to the New Testament Sinaga, Andri Vincent
PASCA : Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen Vol 20 No 2 (2024): PASCA: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Baptis Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46494/psc.v20i2.375

Abstract

This book review examines Kenneth E. Bailey's “The Good Shepherd: A Thousand-Year Journey from Psalm 23 to the New Testament.” Bailey, a leading Biblical scholar with nearly five decades of experience in the Middle East, traces the development of the “Good Shepherd” theme from Psalm 23 to the New Testament. With a strong intertextual approach, Bailey shows the continuity of this theme through the writings of the prophets to the gospels and epistles of the New Testament. The book is divided into nine chapters, each focusing on a specific part of the Bible. Beginning with an in-depth analysis of Psalm 23, Bailey explores the dual role of the shepherd in ancient Middle Eastern culture. He then develops this theme through the prophets, portraying God as the shepherd who restores His people. In an analysis of the Gospels, Bailey shows how Jesus identifies Himself as the Good Shepherd, contrasting Him with failed leaders. The book concludes with a discussion of the Letter of 1 Peter, which emphasizes the importance of humble leadership in the church. Bailey uses a variety of methodological approaches, including in-depth literary and rhetorical analysis, Middle Eastern social and cultural contextualization, and intertextual approaches. The book's main strength lies in its use of in-depth Middle Eastern cultural context and strong rhetorical analysis, helping readers understand the development and relevance of the metaphor of the “Good Shepherd”.
Perjuangan Menuju Keselamatan Kekal: Memahami Kasih Karunia dalam Yesus Kristus Menurut Perspektif Efesus 2:8-10 Hendrikson Febri
PASCA : Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen Vol 20 No 2 (2024): PASCA: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Baptis Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46494/psc.v20i2.376

Abstract

Grace (charis) means unmerited favor or goodness. Grace can take simple forms, such as forgiving someone who has done wrong or offering help to those in need. Additionally, grace is the opportunity given to humanity to attain eternal salvation. The research question in this study is: how is the struggle towards salvation through grace in Jesus Christ according to the perspective of Ephesians 2:8-10? Therefore, the aim of this study is to understand the struggle towards salvation through grace in Jesus Christ. The research method used in this study is a qualitative approach with a hermeneutic method, to understand and interpret the meaning of grace in Jesus Christ as explained in Ephesians 2:8-10. The results of this study indicate that Ephesians 2:8-10 affirms that the journey towards eternal salvation is the result of God's sovereign grace, which transforms the identity and purpose of believers, enabling them to be instruments to glorify God's name while on this earth.
Book Review: Christ and Culture: Revisited L. Paembongan, Raka Saden Priya
PASCA : Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen Vol 20 No 2 (2024): PASCA: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Baptis Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46494/psc.v20i2.378

Abstract

The discussion about Christ and Culture is endless and will cause tension as time progresses. Carson in this book looks again from a biblical-theological perspective on the relationship between Christ and Culture, that the relationship between Christ and Culture cannot be separated from the absolute source of truth, namely the Bible. The series of events from creation, the fall, the incarnation, the death and resurrection of Jesus, to the Last Days are important to find a way between Christ and culture in this age.
Book Review: Theologi Penginjilan Aritonang, Arthur
PASCA : Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen Vol 21 No 1 (2025): PASCA: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Baptis Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46494/psc.v21i1.406

Abstract

This book review discusses the results of Stephen Tong's research on the theology of evangelism, hereafter referred to as ST. The research is motivated by the phenomenon that Christian communities often find themselves trapped between two extremes. On one hand, there are churches that tend to be rational and focus on worldly aspects, human organization, economics, administration, and tradition, thereby neglecting the spiritual concerns of the congregation. On the other hand, there are churches that prioritize liturgy, emotional satisfaction, and individual experiences, but abandon rigorous theological thinking and biblical teaching. From these two extremes, ST finds a third way, namely, a church that seriously studies biblical truth while carrying out the Great Commission of Jesus Christ. This evangelistic effort must combine theology and evangelism, which is referred to as the reformed evangelical movement. This book is presented to provide the Christian congregation with a correct understanding of the theology of evangelism. The fundamental questions posed by ST are: what is evangelism? Who is eligible to go evangelizing? The conclusions of this research are: (1) Evangelism is the proclamation of the good news of Christ's redemption as the core of Christian faith to all humanity. (2) Those who have experienced salvation from God in Jesus Christ and are eager to share what they know with others, have a strong commitment to learn about the theology of evangelism, and are willing to go evangelizing.

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