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Tantangan Perkawinan Beda Negara: Suatu Kajian Komparatif Hukum Indonesia dan Hukum Perdata Internasional Norayanti, Norayanti Simaremare; Pristika Handayani , Pristika Handayani; Dwi Afni Maileni, Dwi Afni Maileni
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i3.12565

This study aims to examine the legal challenges of cross-national marriages through a comparative analysis between Indonesian Law and Private International Law. The background of this research is the increasing phenomenon of cross-border marriages as a consequence of globalization, which not only involves cultural and nationality differences but also raises legal issues related to validity, recognition, and legal consequences. The urgency of this research lies in the disharmony of regulations and differences in legal systems that often create both administrative and substantive obstacles, thereby affecting legal certainty and the protection of the rights of husbands, wives, and children. The research method employed is normative juridical with a descriptive-analytical approach by reviewing legislation, legal doctrines, and principles of Private International Law. The findings indicate that Indonesia’s Marriage Law remains limited in accommodating the complexity of cross-national marriages, particularly concerning registration, citizenship status of children, joint property, divorce, and inheritance rights. The novelty of this research lies in its comparative approach that links Indonesian legal norms with the principles of Private International Law, providing a more comprehensive understanding of regulatory disharmony. In conclusion, without legal harmonization, cross-national couples will continue to face uncertainty; therefore, this study recommends reforming the Marriage Law to be more adaptive to global realities, strengthening administrative mechanisms for marriage registration, and enhancing regulatory dissemination to ensure legal certainty, rights protection, and justice for the parties involved. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji tantangan hukum dalam perkawinan beda negara melalui analisis komparatif antara Hukum Indonesia dan Hukum Perdata Internasional (HPI). Latar belakang penelitian didasari oleh meningkatnya fenomena perkawinan lintas negara akibat globalisasi yang tidak hanya memunculkan perbedaan budaya dan kewarganegaraan, tetapi juga menimbulkan persoalan hukum terkait keabsahan, pengakuan, serta akibat hukumnya. Urgensi penelitian ini terletak pada disharmoni regulasi dan perbedaan sistem hukum yang kerap menimbulkan hambatan administratif maupun substantif, sehingga berdampak pada kepastian hukum dan perlindungan hak suami, istri, maupun anak. Metode yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif-analitis melalui kajian peraturan perundang-undangan, doktrin hukum, serta prinsip-prinsip HPI. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Undang-Undang Perkawinan di Indonesia masih terbatas dalam mengakomodasi kompleksitas perkawinan lintas negara, khususnya terkait pencatatan, status kewarganegaraan anak, harta bersama, perceraian, dan hak waris. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada penggunaan pendekatan komparatif yang menghubungkan norma hukum Indonesia dengan prinsip HPI, sehingga menghasilkan gambaran yang lebih komprehensif mengenai titik-titik disharmoni regulasi. Kesimpulannya, tanpa harmonisasi hukum, pasangan lintas negara akan terus menghadapi ketidakpastian hukum; oleh karena itu, penelitian ini merekomendasikan reformasi UU Perkawinan yang lebih adaptif terhadap realitas global, penguatan mekanisme administrasi pencatatan, serta peningkatan sosialisasi regulasi untuk menjamin kepastian hukum, perlindungan hak, dan keadilan bagi para pihak.

Disharmoni Regulasi Pencalonan Mantan Terpidana Korupsi Pada Pemilu DPRD Banten 2019–2024: Perspektif Peraturan Perundangan dan Hukum Progresif Rio Taqy Fadillah; Ismail Marzuki
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i3.12619

This study aims to analyze the candidacy of former corruption convicts as members of the Banten Provincial DPRD in the 2019 and 2024 elections, emphasizing the disharmony of legal norms and its implications for democratic legitimacy. The method used is a normative juridical approach with a statutory approach, a conceptual approach, and a case approach, enabling a comprehensive analysis of regulations, court decisions, and practices in the field. The results of the study show that in the 2019 elections, there was a contradiction between the Election Law, PKPU, and the Supreme Court Decision, which created legal uncertainty and opened up the possibility of former corruptors running for office without a strong ethical mechanism. In the 2024 elections, regulations are more structured through the Constitutional Court Decision and PKPU 10/2023, but their implementation still faces challenges in the form of weak factual supervision of candidates' track records, the dominance of political parties' electoral interests, and low commitment to political ethics. The novelty of this research lies in the integration of regulatory analysis with a progressive legal perspective to assess the legitimacy of local democracy. This study recommends the establishment of an independent political ethics institution, the reformulation of stricter candidacy norms, and the strengthening of political party codes of ethics as practical steps to ensure a cleaner, more accountable, and dignified electoral democracy. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pencalonan mantan terpidana korupsi sebagai anggota DPRD Provinsi Banten pada Pemilu 2019 dan 2024, dengan menekankan disharmoni norma hukum serta implikasinya terhadap legitimasi demokrasi. Metode yang digunakan adalah normative juridical approach dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach), konseptual (conceptual approach), dan kasus (case approach), sehingga memungkinkan analisis komprehensif antara regulasi, putusan peradilan, dan praktik di lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada Pemilu 2019 terjadi kontradiksi antara UU Pemilu, PKPU, dan Putusan MA yang menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum dan membuka ruang pencalonan mantan koruptor tanpa mekanisme etik yang kuat. Pada Pemilu 2024, regulasi lebih terstruktur melalui Putusan MK dan PKPU 10/2023, namun penerapannya masih menghadapi tantangan berupa lemahnya pengawasan faktual terhadap rekam jejak calon, dominannya kepentingan elektoral partai politik, dan rendahnya komitmen etika politik. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada integrasi analisis regulasi perundang-undangan dengan perspektif hukum progresif untuk menilai legitimasi demokrasi lokal. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan pembentukan lembaga etik politik independen, reformulasi norma pencalonan yang lebih ketat, serta penguatan kode etik partai politik sebagai langkah aplikatif untuk memastikan demokrasi elektoral yang lebih bersih, akuntabel, dan bermartabat.

Reformulasi Peran Kejaksaan dalam Penyidikan Tindak Pidana Korupsi Berdasarkan Prinsip Keadilan Islam Thamsir, Moh; Bahrul Ulum; Robi’atul Adawiyah
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i3.12623

The purpose of this research is to reformulate the role of the prosecutor's office in investigating corruption based on the principles of Islamic justice, which not only emphasises juridical-formal aspects, but also moral integrity, substantive justice, and values of legal spirituality as pillars of law enforcement that are intact and civilised, the background of this problem comes from the danger of corruption which is a latent danger and can destroy the joints of the life of the nation and state. No nation can grow to be great and dignified if it coexists with corrupt practices, the urgency of this writing lies in the need to reformulate the role of the prosecutor's office as one of the strategic law enforcement agencies in the process of investigating corruption crimes, to be in line with the principles of substantive justice in Islam, the method used in this research is a normative juridical method with a research approach is a conceptual approach, The result of this research is the need for harmonisation between positive legal norms and Islamic principles of justice. Suggestions that can be made include the revision of laws and regulations, especially the Prosecutor's Office Law and the Criminal Procedure Code, which are currently underway in the House of Representatives, to accommodate restorative approaches and Islamic ethical values. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mereformulasi peran kejaksaan dalam penyidikan tindak pidana korupsi berdasarkan prinsip keadilan Islam, yang tidak hanya menekankan aspek yuridis-formal, tetapi juga integritas moral, keadilan substantif, dan nilai-nilai spiritualitas hukum sebagai pilar penegakan hukum yang utuh dan berkeadaban. Latar belang masalah ini hadir dari bahayanya korupsi yang merupakan bahaya laten dan dapat menghancurkan sendi-sendi kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara. Tidak ada bangsa yang dapat tumbuh menjadi besar dan bermartabat apabila hidup berdampingan dengan praktik korupsi, urgensi penulisan ini adalah ini terletak pada kebutuhan untuk mereformulasi peran kejaksaan sebagai salah satu lembaga penegak hukum yang strategis dalam proses penyidikan tindak pidana korupsi, agar sejalan dengan prinsip keadilan substantif dalam Islam, metode yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini merupakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan penelitian adalah pendekatan konseptual. Hasil penelitian ini adalah perlu dilakukannya harmonisasi antara norma-norma hukum positif dan prinsip keadilan Islam. Saran yang dapat dilakukan meliputi revisi peraturan perundang-undangan, khususnya Undang-Undang Kejaksaan dan KUHAP yang saat ini sedang berjalan di DPR RI, untuk mengakomodasi pendekatan restoratif dan nilai-nilai etik Islam.

Problematika Penyelesaian Sengketa Proses Pemilihan Kepala Daerah Walikota Batam Tahun 2024 di Mahkamah Konsitusi Indonesia Sabar Sabar; Emy Hajar Abra; Alwan Hadiyanto
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i3.12624

This study aims to analyze the problems in resolving the 2024 Batam Regional Head Election (Pilkada) disputes at the Constitutional Court of Indonesia. The background of this research lies in the increasing number of electoral disputes that burden the Court, with an urgency to assess whether the existing mechanism can ensure electoral justice. The findings reveal novelty in two critical aspects: first, the identification of inconsistencies between posita and petitum in the petition, which undermines the principle of legal certainty; and second, the urgency of establishing a special electoral court as a structural solution to the Constitutional Court’s heavy caseload. The study concludes that the practice of dispute resolution in the Court still faces a gap between constitutional norms and factual realities. Practical recommendations include revising the Constitutional Court Regulation (PMK) to set stricter standards for petitions and providing continuous electoral legal education for candidates and their legal counsels to strengthen legal certainty and substantive justice. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis problematika penyelesaian sengketa Pemilihan Kepala Daerah (Pilkada) Batam tahun 2024 di Mahkamah Konstitusi. Latar belakang penelitian didasarkan pada tingginya eskalasi sengketa hasil Pilkada di Indonesia yang membebani MK, dengan urgensi menilai sejauh mana mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa mampu mewujudkan keadilan elektoral. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya kebaruan pada dua aspek penting: pertama, identifikasi inkonsistensi antara posita dan petitum dalam permohonan yang berimplikasi pada asas kepastian hukum; kedua, perlunya pembentukan peradilan khusus pemilu sebagai solusi struktural terhadap beban perkara yang terus meningkat di MK. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa praktik penyelesaian sengketa di MK masih menghadapi kesenjangan antara norma konstitusi dan realitas faktual. Rekomendasi yang diberikan adalah perlunya revisi Peraturan Mahkamah Konstitusi (PMK) agar lebih tegas mengatur standar permohonan, serta penyelenggaraan pendidikan hukum elektoral bagi peserta Pilkada dan kuasa hukumnya guna memperkuat kepastian hukum dan keadilan substantif.

Kewenangan Badan Pengusahaan Batam Dalam Eksekusi Lahan di Kota Batam Hanafi Hanafi; Emy Hajar Abra; Parningotan Malau
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i3.12625

The purpose of this study is to analyse the extent of juridical authority of Batam Management Agency in the process of land execution, and to review the extent to which such authority is exercised in accordance with the principles of law and justice. The authority possessed by BP Batam often causes polemics in the community, especially when there is a land vacancy or execution that is allegedly not accompanied by adequate juridical and social approaches. This research is important because it aims to understand the actual extent of BP Batam's authority in managing an area that falls within its jurisdiction. This research uses a normative research method, which examines the authority of BP Batam and the issues arising from such authority, especially in the community of Batam Island and its surroundings. Although BP Batam has the authority based on laws and regulations, the implementation of land executions often leads to social conflicts, such as those in Rempang and Galang Islands. There is a need for regulatory reform, separation of authority between the Mayor of Batam and the Head of BP Batam to avoid overlapping authority, and strengthening inter-institutional coordination through the establishment of local regulations or policies that favour the interests of the community. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis sejauh mana kewenangan Badan Pengelola Batam secara yuridis dalam proses eksekusi lahan, serta meninjau sejauh mana kewenangan tersebut dilaksanakan sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip hukum dan keadilan. Kewenangan yang dimiliki BP Batam kerap menimbulkan polemik di tengah masyarakat, terutama ketika terjadi pengosongan atau eksekusi lahan yang diduga tidak disertai pendekatan yuridis dan sosial yang memadai. Penelitian ini sangat penting karena untuk memahami sampai mana sebenarnya kewenangan yang dimiliki oleh BP Batam dalam mengelola suatu wilayah yang termasuk otoritasnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian normatif yaitu meneliti mengenai kewenangan BP Batam dan hal-hal yang ditimbulkan dari kewenangan tersebut terutama di masyarakat pulau batam dan sekitarnya. Meskipun BP Batam memiliki otoritas berdasarkan peraturan perundang-undangan, pelaksanaan eksekusi lahan kerap kali menimbulkan konflik sosial, seperti yang terjadi di Pulau Rempang dan Galang. Perlu adanya pembaruan regulasi, pemisahan otoritas antara Wali Kota Batam dan Kepala BP Batam untuk menghindari tumpang tindih kewenangan, serta penguatan koordinasi antar lembaga melalui pembentukan perda atau kebijakan yang berpihak pada kepentingan masyarakat.

Problematika Penegakan Pasal 98 Undang-Undang No. 32 Tahun 2009 Terhadap Tindak Pidana Lingkungan Hidup Muhamad Nur Hakim Purba; Alwan Hadiyanto; Ciptono Ciptono
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i3.12694

A healthy and sustainable environment is a fundamental human right guaranteed by the constitution; however, it continues to be threatened by industrial and plantation activities that disregard environmental quality standards. This condition underscores the urgency of criminal law as a repressive instrument to deter perpetrators of environmental pollution and destruction. The purpose of this study is to conduct a juridical analysis of Article 98 of Law No. 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection and Management, particularly regarding the legal basis for criminal liability of offenders and the effectiveness of its implementation in judicial practice. The research employs a normative juridical method with a case approach The findings reveal novelty in providing a critical examination of the obstacles to implementing Article 98, especially concerning the difficulty of proving intent, the weak application of corporate criminal liability, and the judicial tendency to focus on individual actors rather than corporate managerial structures. The study concludes that, normatively, Article 98 offers a progressive and proportional legal instrument for environmental protection; however, its practical enforcement remains suboptimal due to technical limitations, institutional capacity, and external interference. This research recommends strengthening the capacity of law enforcement officers through the use of scientific evidence and environmental forensics, ensuring consistent application of corporate criminal liability, and reinforcing judicial independence, so that Article 98 can effectively function as a repressive legal instrument that is fair, effective, and just. Lingkungan hidup yang sehat dan lestari merupakan hak asasi manusia yang dijamin konstitusi, namun kenyataannya masih sering terancam akibat aktivitas industri dan perkebunan yang mengabaikan standar baku mutu. Kondisi ini menegaskan urgensi instrumen hukum pidana sebagai sarana represif untuk memberikan efek jera kepada pelaku pencemaran maupun perusakan lingkungan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis secara yuridis ketentuan Pasal 98 Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup, khususnya terkait dasar pemidanaan terhadap pelaku serta efektivitas penerapannya dalam praktik peradilan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya kebaruan berupa analisis kritis terhadap hambatan implementasi Pasal 98, meliputi kesulitan pembuktian unsur kesengajaan, keterbatasan penerapan pertanggungjawaban pidana korporasi, serta kecenderungan hakim lebih menitikberatkan pada individu dibanding struktur manajerial perusahaan. Kesimpulannya, Pasal 98 secara normatif telah menyediakan instrumen hukum progresif dan proporsional untuk melindungi lingkungan hidup, namun penerapannya belum optimal akibat faktor teknis, kapasitas aparat, dan intervensi kepentingan. Rekomendasi penelitian ini menekankan pentingnya penguatan kapasitas aparat penegak hukum melalui bukti ilmiah dan forensik lingkungan, konsistensi penerapan pidana korporasi, serta penguatan independensi peradilan agar Pasal 98 benar-benar berfungsi sebagai instrumen represif yang adil, efektif, dan berkeadilan.

Pelaksanaan Mediasi Berdasarkan Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 1 Tahun 2016 Tentang Prosedur Mediasi Sonia Nahda; Emy Hajar Abra; Pristika Handayani
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i2.12696

This study aims to analyze the implementation of mediation at the Batam Religious Court based on Supreme Court Regulation Number 1 of 2016 on Mediation Procedures. The research is motivated by the fact that although mediation is mandated as a preliminary stage in every civil case, its effectiveness remains limited due to structural and cultural challenges, particularly the shortage of judges and the low level of public legal awareness. The urgency of this study lies in providing an empirical perspective that complements previous research, which has generally been normative, broad, or limited to specific types of cases. This study uses a normative juridical research method. Using Lawrence M. Friedman’s legal system theory, the analysis reveals an imbalance between the legal structure, which lacks adequate institutional support, the legal substance, which is often treated as a mere formality, and the legal culture, which shows weak societal commitment to mediation as a path to peaceful settlement. The novelty of this research lies in its contextual findings on the concrete implementation of mediation in Batam, filling a gap left by previous studies. The study concludes that strengthening the number and capacity of judges and external mediators, optimizing the substantive application of mediation rules, and enhancing public legal literacy through sustained outreach are essential. These recommendations are expected to reinforce mediation as an effective, fair, and accessible dispute resolution mechanism in line with the principles of simple, speedy, and low-cost justice. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pelaksanaan mediasi di Pengadilan Agama Batam berdasarkan Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 1 Tahun 2016 tentang Prosedur Mediasi. Latar belakang penelitian ini berangkat dari kenyataan bahwa meskipun mediasi diwajibkan sebagai tahapan awal dalam setiap perkara perdata, efektivitasnya masih menghadapi berbagai kendala, terutama keterbatasan jumlah hakim dan rendahnya kesadaran hukum masyarakat. Urgensi penelitian ini terletak pada kebutuhan untuk menghadirkan kajian empiris yang mampu melengkapi penelitian terdahulu yang cenderung bersifat normatif, umum, atau terbatas pada satu jenis perkara. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan mediasi secara normatif telah sesuai prosedur, tetapi belum sepenuhnya berjalan efektif. Analisis menggunakan teori sistem hukum Lawrence M. Friedman memperlihatkan adanya ketidakseimbangan antara struktur hukum yang belum didukung kelembagaan memadai, substansi hukum yang sering dipersepsi sekadar formalitas, dan budaya hukum masyarakat yang belum sepenuhnya mendukung penyelesaian sengketa secara damai. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada penjelasan implementasi konkret mediasi di Batam yang mengisi kekosongan penelitian sebelumnya. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menegaskan perlunya penguatan jumlah dan kapasitas hakim maupun mediator eksternal, optimalisasi penerapan substansi hukum agar lebih implementatif, serta peningkatan literasi hukum masyarakat melalui sosialisasi yang berkesinambungan. Rekomendasi tersebut diharapkan dapat mendorong mediasi sebagai instrumen penyelesaian sengketa yang lebih efektif, cepat, sederhana, dan berbiaya ringan.

Dinamika Politik Identitas Dalam Pemilu 2024: Tantangan Bagi Konsolidasi Demokrasi Di Indonesia Susanto Susanto; Emy Hajar Abra; Alwan Hadiyanto
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i3.12697

This study aims to analyze the forms of identity politics in the 2024 elections and the extent to which these practices challenge the consolidation of democracy in Indonesia. The research is motivated by concerns over the widespread use of SARA issues, religious symbols, and digital narratives spread by buzzers and influencers, which have triggered social polarization, disinformation, and political character assassination. The study employs a normative legal method with statutory, conceptual, and case approaches, using a literature review of regulations, doctrines, and academic works. The findings reveal that identity politics in the 2024 elections manifested in various forms, including religion, gender, age, lineage, and digital politics, which negatively affected social integration and the quality of democracy. However, identity politics may also play a positive role as a means of empowering marginalized groups in promoting equality and human rights. The novelty of this research lies in its critical analysis of digital identity politics, which has become increasingly massive, thus offering a new perspective on the challenges of democracy consolidation in the digital era. The study recommends strengthening political education, enforcing campaign ethics, regulating digital media, and fostering cross-identity dialogue to promote an inclusive and civilized democracy. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis bentuk-bentuk politik identitas dalam Pemilu 2024 dan sejauh mana praktik tersebut menjadi tantangan bagi konsolidasi demokrasi di Indonesia. Latar belakang penelitian didasari oleh kekhawatiran atas maraknya penggunaan isu SARA, simbol keagamaan, serta narasi digital melalui buzzer dan influencer yang memicu polarisasi sosial, disinformasi, hingga pembunuhan karakter politik. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan kasus, melalui studi kepustakaan atas regulasi, doktrin, serta literatur akademik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa politik identitas dalam Pemilu 2024 hadir dalam beragam bentuk, mulai dari isu agama, gender, usia, garis keturunan, hingga politik digital, yang berdampak negatif terhadap integrasi sosial dan kualitas demokrasi. Namun, politik identitas juga dapat berfungsi positif sebagai sarana perjuangan kelompok marginal dalam memperjuangkan kesetaraan dan hak asasi manusia. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada analisis kritis terhadap politik identitas di ruang digital yang semakin masif, sehingga memberikan perspektif baru mengenai tantangan konsolidasi demokrasi di era digital. Rekomendasi penelitian menekankan pentingnya pendidikan politik, penegakan etika kampanye, penguatan regulasi media digital, serta dialog lintas identitas guna mendorong demokrasi yang inklusif dan berkeadaban.

Alternative Dispute Resolution: Mediation In Terms Of Dispute Resolution For Aircraft Accident Compensation For Aircraft Product Defects(Case Study of Sriwijaya Air Sj182 Plane Accident) Priaardanto, Columbanus; Amad Sudiro
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i3.12759

This study discusses mediation strategies as a legal instrument in overcoming the obstacles of the doctrine of forum non conveniens in international lawsuits for compensation due to aircraft accidents, especially in product defect cases against aircraft manufacturers in the United States. Non-conveniens forums are often an obstacle for victims from other countries to access justice through the U.S. legal system, as courts may dismiss lawsuits if alternative forums are deemed more appropriate. In this context, mediation serves as an efficient, flexible, and more humane dispute resolution mechanism. The Lion Air JT 610 accident case study is used as a prime illustration, where the victim's family managed to obtain compensation through mediation with Boeing, despite the potential lawsuit being dismissed based on a non-conveniens forum. This research shows that mediation can be an effective litigation strategy to speed up settlement, avoid complex litigation processes, and strengthen the victim's position in cross-jurisdictional negotiations. The research method used is normative juridical with a case approach and legal comparison. Data were obtained through literature review, analysis of legal documents, and review of court decisions and mediation practices in U.S. federal courts. The results of the study recommend the need to harmonize cross-border mediation procedures and strengthen access to alternative dispute resolution mechanisms for victims from developing countries.

Analisis Hukum Perdata Terhadap Klausul Baku Dalam Kontrak Bisnis Industri Manufaktur Enan Nova Solihin; Pristika Handayani; Rizki Tri Anugrah Bhakti
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i3.12781

This study aims to analyze the position of standard clauses in manufacturing industry business contracts from a civil law perspective, to assess their conformity with the principles of freedom of contract, fairness, and good faith, and to provide practical recommendations so that these clauses do not harm any party. The background of this research is based on the widespread use of standard clauses unilaterally determined by dominant parties in manufacturing contracts, which potentially create an imbalance in bargaining power and disadvantages for weaker parties. The urgency of this study lies in the need to ensure legal certainty while also providing fair protection in manufacturing business relations, considering that this sector is the main driver of the national economy. The research employs a normative juridical method with a descriptive-analytical specification through library research of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The findings reveal that while standard clauses provide efficiency, uniformity, and legal certainty, they also pose risks of abuse of dominant positions. The novelty of this study lies in its specific focus on standard clauses in manufacturing contracts, in contrast to previous studies that mainly emphasized consumer protection or MSME partnerships. The conclusion highlights the crucial role of civil law in maintaining a balance of interests between the parties, while the recommendation emphasizes the need for restrictions and adjustments to standard clauses through sectoral regulations or guidelines, so that manufacturing contracts remain efficient, fair, and sustainable. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kedudukan klausula (klausul) baku dalam kontrak bisnis industri manufaktur dari perspektif hukum perdata, menilai kesesuaiannya dengan asas kebebasan berkontrak, keadilan, dan iktikad baik, serta memberikan rekomendasi praktis agar klausul tersebut tidak merugikan salah satu pihak. Latar belakang penelitian didasari oleh maraknya penggunaan klausula baku yang disusun sepihak oleh pihak dominan dalam kontrak manufaktur, sehingga berpotensi menimbulkan ketidakseimbangan posisi tawar dan kerugian bagi pihak yang lemah. Urgensi penelitian ini terletak pada kebutuhan menghadirkan kepastian hukum sekaligus perlindungan yang adil dalam hubungan bisnis manufaktur, mengingat sektor ini merupakan penggerak utama perekonomian nasional. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan spesifikasi deskriptif-analitis melalui studi kepustakaan terhadap bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa klausul baku memberikan manfaat berupa efisiensi, keseragaman, dan kepastian hukum, namun juga menimbulkan risiko penyalahgunaan kedudukan dominan; kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada fokus kajian terhadap praktik klausul baku dalam kontrak manufaktur yang berbeda dari penelitian terdahulu yang lebih banyak menyoroti aspek perlindungan konsumen atau kemitraan UMKM. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa peran hukum perdata sangat penting untuk menjaga keseimbangan kepentingan para pihak, sedangkan rekomendasi yang ditawarkan adalah perlunya pembatasan dan penyesuaian klausul baku melalui regulasi atau pedoman khusus agar kontrak manufaktur tetap efisien sekaligus adil dan berkelanjutan.

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Reviewer

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Contact Name
Zaenal Arifin

Contact Email
zaenal@usm.ac.id

Phone
+6282242226898

Journal Mail Official
usmlawreview@usm.ac.id

Editorial Address
Jl. Soekarno - Hatta

Location
Kota semarang,

Jawa tengah

INDONESIA

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Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name Zaenal Arifin

Contact Email zaenal@usm.ac.id

Phone +6282242226898

Journal Mail Official usmlawreview@usm.ac.id

Editorial Address Jl. Soekarno - Hatta

Location Kota semarang, Jawa tengah INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

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Abstract

Contact Name
Zaenal Arifin

Contact Email
zaenal@usm.ac.id

Phone
+6282242226898

Journal Mail Official
usmlawreview@usm.ac.id

Editorial Address
Jl. Soekarno - Hatta

Location
Kota semarang,

Jawa tengah

INDONESIA