Garuda - Garba Rujukan Digital

Perlindungan Konsumen Terhadap Praktik Gesek Tunai Pada Layanan Shopee PayLater asyiah, siti; Sadiani Sadiani; Muhammad Amin
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i3.12290

Digital financial innovation has enabled the rapid expansion of PayLater services, yet misuse in the form of cash swipe (Gestun) transactions creates significant legal problems due to fictitious purchases, contractual defects, and weak consumer protection. This study aims to analyze the legal protection afforded to consumers involved in Gestun practices on Shopee PayLater by integrating perspectives from positive law, Islamic law, and empirical findings from affected users. Using a juridical-empirical method supported by statute, conceptual, and doctrinal analysis, this research collects primary data from consumers who suffered financial losses and individuals involved in Gestun mechanisms. The findings indicate that Gestun does not meet the legal requirements of a valid contract, violates consumer protection norms under the Consumer Protection Law and the Electronic Information and Transactions Law, and contradicts Islamic principles due to elements of gharar, tadlis, and invalid akad. The study further reveals substantial gaps between normative regulation and actual consumer experiences, exacerbated by limited supervision of digital financing services. This research proposes regulatory reform, stronger enforcement, and enhanced digital legal literacy as essential measures to prevent Gestun practices and strengthen consumer protection within Indonesia’s digital financing ecosystem. Inovasi keuangan digital telah mendorong perluasan layanan PayLater, namun penyalahgunaan dalam bentuk jasa gesek tunai (Gestun) menimbulkan persoalan hukum karena melibatkan transaksi fiktif, cacat perjanjian, dan lemahnya perlindungan konsumen. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis bentuk perlindungan hukum terhadap konsumen dalam praktik Gestun pada Shopee PayLater melalui pendekatan hukum positif, hukum Islam, dan temuan empiris dari pengguna yang mengalami kerugian. Metode yang digunakan adalah yuridis-empiris dengan analisis peraturan perundang-undangan, konsep hukum, doktrin, serta data primer dari konsumen dan pihak terkait dalam mekanisme Gestun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Gestun tidak memenuhi syarat sah perjanjian, melanggar ketentuan UU Perlindungan Konsumen dan UU ITE, serta bertentangan dengan prinsip muamalah karena mengandung unsur gharar, tadlis, dan akad yang tidak sah. Temuan empiris juga mengungkap adanya kesenjangan antara norma hukum dan praktik faktual serta minimnya pengawasan terhadap layanan pembiayaan digital. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan penguatan regulasi, peningkatan penegakan hukum, dan literasi hukum digital untuk mencegah praktik Gestun dan memperkuat perlindungan konsumen dalam ekosistem pembiayaan digital di Indonesia.

Pengawasan Peredaran Kosmetik Tanpa Izin Di Media Digital Melalui Platform Elamahamen Diva Fitaloka Oktaviani; Ibnu Elmi A.S Pelu; Baihaki Baihaki; Muhammad Amin
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i3.12305

This article investigates the effectiveness of illegal cosmetic surveillance conducted by the Palangka Raya Food and Drug Monitoring Agency (BPOM) through the locally developed digital platform ELAMAHAMEN, an area that remains underexplored in existing scholarship. Employing a qualitative research design grounded in Alfred Schutz’s social phenomenology, the study examines how stakeholders construct meaning, interpret risks, and experience digital-based supervision. Official BBPOM data indicate the continued presence of illegal cosmetics, with 4,000 products identified in 2023, 586 in 2024, and 705 in 2025. The novelty of this study lies in its analytical focus on community-driven digital supervision using a local platform, contrasting with prior research that has centered primarily on regulatory frameworks or institutional performance. The findings reveal that, despite strengthened inspection and public education initiatives, the overall effectiveness of surveillance remains limited due to low adoption of digital technology, weak inter-sectoral coordination, and insufficient public legal awareness. This study underscores the need to develop regulatory technology–based strategies and foster multi-stakeholder collaboration to build an adaptive, participatory, and sustainable digital surveillance ecosystem. Artikel ini mengkaji efektivitas pengawasan kosmetik ilegal oleh BBPOM Kota Palangka Raya melalui platform digital lokal ELAMAHAMEN, suatu topik yang masih jarang dieksplorasi dalam kajian akademik. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode fenomenologi sosial Alfred Schutz untuk memahami konstruksi makna, persepsi risiko, serta pengalaman para pemangku kepentingan dalam pengawasan berbasis digital. Data resmi BBPOM menunjukkan masih maraknya peredaran kosmetik ilegal, yakni 4.000 produk pada tahun 2023, 586 produk pada tahun 2024, dan 705 produk pada tahun 2025. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada fokus analisis terhadap mekanisme pengawasan digital yang bersifat partisipatif melalui platform lokal yang memungkinkan masyarakat melaporkan dan melakukan pengawasan mandiri, berbeda dari penelitian sebelumnya yang lebih menekankan aspek regulasi atau kinerja kelembagaan. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa meskipun upaya pengawasan dan edukasi telah ditingkatkan, efektivitas keseluruhan masih terbatas karena rendahnya pemanfaatan teknologi, lemahnya koordinasi lintas sektor, serta minimnya kesadaran hukum masyarakat. Penelitian ini menegaskan urgensi pengembangan strategi berbasis regulatory technology dan kolaborasi multipihak untuk membangun sistem pengawasan digital yang adaptif, partisipatif, dan berkelanjutan.

Transforming Amicus Curiae Through an Experimental Jurisprudence Framework in Judicial Decision-Making Susilo, Erwin; Sujatmiko, Bagus; Arifin, Zaenal
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i3.12689

This study examines the contemporary role of amicus curiae in strengthening judicial reasoning through the integration of the Experimental Jurisprudence (X-Jur) framework within the Indonesian legal system. The research addresses the absence of explicit regulations governing amicus curiae despite its increasing use in high-profile cases, creating inconsistencies in judicial treatment and undermining normative clarity. Using a normative legal method complemented by statutory, conceptual, comparative, and case approaches, this study analyzes the doctrinal position of amicus curiae and evaluates its potential as an epistemic instrument that enriches judicial deliberations with empirical, psychological, and social perspectives. The findings demonstrate that amicus curiae provides valuable epistemic input that enhances judicial reflection; however, its current acceptance remains discretionary and fragmented due to the lack of procedural guidelines. The integration of X-Jur reveals a strong empirical connection between public perceptions of justice and judicial reasoning, offering a data-driven foundation for improving the legitimacy and social responsiveness of court decisions. The novelty of this research lies in conceptualizing amicus curiae as a methodological bridge between normative doctrine and empirical cognition, and in proposing a regulatory model—through a Supreme Court Regulation—that institutionalizes amicus curiae as a formal mechanism within Indonesia’s civil law tradition. This framework is essential for strengthening transparency, judicial reflectiveness, and the pursuit of substantive justice in modern adjudication.

Analisis Perlindungan Hukum Tanah Belum Bersertifikat Melalui Akta Notaris Wahyudani Oktavia, Ketut Ria; Mella Ismelina Farma Rahayu
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i3.12742

This article analyzes the forms and effectiveness of legal protection for good-faith buyers in the purchase of uncertified land through notarial deeds and evaluates the legal validity of such deeds within Indonesia’s land law framework. The study is grounded in the urgency created by the widespread circulation of uncertified land, which generates legal uncertainty and exposes buyers to a high risk of disputes due to the absence of registered ownership. Using a normative juridical method with statutory and conceptual approaches, supported by analysis of Denpasar High Court Decision No. 75/Pdt/2016/PT.DPS, this research demonstrates that notarial deeds in uncertified land transactions possess only obligatory power and cannot serve as constitutive evidence for the transfer of rights, which falls under the authority of PPAT pursuant to Government Regulation No. 24 of 1997. The findings reveal that preventive and repressive legal protection remains limited as long as the land has not been registered, thereby requiring notaries to apply the prudential principle through document verification and disclosure of legal risks. The novelty of this study lies in its integrated analysis of notarial authority, deed validity, and legal protection mechanisms for good-faith buyers in uncertified land transactions, offering a conceptual foundation for agrarian and notarial law reform in the digital era. Artikel ini menganalisis bentuk dan efektivitas perlindungan hukum bagi pembeli beriktikad baik dalam transaksi jual beli tanah belum bersertifikat melalui akta notaris serta menilai keabsahan akta tersebut dalam kerangka hukum pertanahan Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh maraknya tanah yang belum terdaftar sehingga menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum dan meningkatkan potensi sengketa akibat tidak adanya bukti hak yang kuat. Dengan menggunakan metode yuridis normatif melalui pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual yang diperkuat analisis Putusan Pengadilan Tinggi Denpasar Nomor 75/Pdt/2016/PT.DPS, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa akta notaris dalam transaksi tanah belum bersertifikat hanya memiliki kekuatan obligatoir dan tidak dapat dijadikan dasar konstitutif pemindahan hak yang merupakan kewenangan PPAT berdasarkan PP Nomor 24 Tahun 1997. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa perlindungan hukum baik preventif maupun represif masih terbatas selama tanah belum didaftarkan, sehingga notaris wajib menerapkan prinsip kehati-hatian melalui verifikasi dokumen dan pemberian penjelasan mengenai risiko hukum. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada integrasi analisis mengenai peran notaris, keabsahan akta, dan perlindungan hukum pembeli beriktikad baik dalam transaksi tanah belum bersertifikat sebagai kontribusi terhadap pembaruan hukum agraria dan kenotariatan di era digital.

The Urgency Of Shifting The Regulation Of Enforcement Of Fisheries Criminal Laws From Criminal Sanctions To Administrative Sanctions Fathurrahim Fathurrahim; Muhaimin Limatahu; Ahmad Mufti
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i3.12758

This study aims to analyze the urgency of shifting the paradigm of fisheries crime law enforcement from the dominance of criminal sanctions to the strengthening of administrative sanctions. Previous studies have focused more on the effectiveness of criminal sanctions or technical administrative implementation, but have not criticized the dominance of the penal approach, which has led to problems of imbalance in law enforcement, where criminal instruments are used extensively without considering the nature of the offense and the capacity of the perpetrator. This condition has implications for the emergence of legal uncertainty, inefficient judicial burdens, and a lack of corrective effects on the main actors in fisheries crime. This research gap is the main basis for conducting this study. The method used is normative legal research with a legislative, conceptual, and comparative approach, enriched with limited empirical analysis through a review of law enforcement practices and court decisions. The results of the study show that criminal sanctions have so far been ineffective in targeting the main actors (corporations), while administrative sanctions—such as license revocation, administrative fines, and business freezing are more strategic because they are responsive, adaptive, and in line with global practices. However, its effectiveness is still hampered by institutional capacity, accountability in implementation, and unequal treatment between large operators and small-scale fishermen. The research conclusion emphasizes the novelty of offering a reorientation of fisheries law that places administrative sanctions as the primary instrument (primum remedium), while criminal sanctions are positioned selectively as the last resort (ultimum remedium). Thus, this study offers a new conceptual framework that is more progressive, fair, and sustainable in the enforcement of Indonesian fisheries law.

Kewenangan Mahkamah Konstitusi Dalam Pembubaran Partai Politik di Indonesia Nurullah Nurullah; M. Hadin Muhjad; Erlina Erlina
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i3.12770

The Constitutional Court of Indonesia (Mahkamah Konstitusi/MK) is constitutionally mandated under Article 24C(1) of the 1945 Constitution to adjudicate the dissolution of political parties, a mechanism essential for safeguarding constitutional democracy. Despite its strategic significance, this authority has never been exercised, resulting in a normative gap and raising concerns about its effectiveness in addressing internal threats to democratic order. This study aims to analyze the legal, political, and democratic dimensions of the Court’s dissolution authority by examining issues of legal standing, procedural readiness, and the broader implications for party existence and the political rights of citizens. Employing a normative juridical method with statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches, this research evaluates the current regulatory framework and compares Indonesia’s model with those in Germany, Turkey, and Russia. The findings reveal that restricting legal standing solely to the Government creates risks of executive dominance and politicization, while the absence of a comprehensive procedural mechanism results in legal uncertainty regarding legislative seats, party assets, and members’ political rights after dissolution. The novelty of this study lies in proposing a reformed model through expanded legal standing, enhanced human rights safeguards, and clearer procedural standards to ensure that the Constitutional Court operates as an independent guardian of constitutional democracy. The study concludes that procedural reform is necessary to prevent abuse of power and strengthen democratic accountability. Mahkamah Konstitusi (MK) memiliki kewenangan konstitusional untuk memutus pembubaran partai politik sebagaimana ditegaskan dalam Pasal 24C ayat (1) UUD 1945, yang berfungsi sebagai instrumen penting dalam menjaga demokrasi konstitusional. Namun hingga kini kewenangan tersebut belum pernah digunakan, sehingga menimbulkan kekosongan normatif dan keraguan mengenai efektivitasnya dalam menghadapi ancaman terhadap tatanan demokrasi yang muncul dari dalam sistem politik. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dimensi hukum, politik, dan demokrasi dari kewenangan pembubaran partai oleh MK dengan menelaah isu legal standing, kesiapan prosedural, serta implikasi pembubaran terhadap eksistensi partai dan hak politik warga negara. Menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan perbandingan, penelitian ini mengevaluasi kerangka hukum yang berlaku serta membandingkannya dengan model di Jerman, Turki dan Rusia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembatasan legal standing hanya kepada Pemerintah berpotensi menimbulkan dominasi eksekutif dan politisasi, sementara ketiadaan mekanisme prosedural yang komprehensif menyebabkan ketidakpastian hukum terkait status kursi legislatif, aset partai, dan hak politik anggota pasca pembubaran. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada tawaran reformasi melalui perluasan legal standing, penguatan perlindungan HAM, serta penyusunan standar prosedural yang lebih jelas agar MK dapat menjalankan perannya secara independen sebagai pengawal demokrasi konstitusional. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan perlunya reformasi prosedural untuk mencegah penyalahgunaan kewenangan dan memperkuat akuntabilitas demokratis.

Pergeseran Paradigma Pemulihan Aset Dalam Tindak Pidana Korupsi Untuk Mewujudkan Optimalisasi Pengembalian Kerugian Negara Natasya Klarisa Paruntu; Amad Sudiro
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i3.12888

This study aims to analyze the conceptual and legal obstacles in Indonesia’s asset recovery mechanism for corruption crimes and formulate a more effective legal paradigm to optimize the restitution of state losses. The research is grounded in the persistent ineffectiveness of the conviction-based asset forfeiture system, which requires a final criminal judgment before assets can be seized, thereby allowing offenders to conceal, transfer, or dissipate illicit assets. Using a normative juridical method with statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches, the study finds that the current mechanism is not responsive to the sophisticated and transnational nature of white-collar crime, which often complicates criminal prosecution and evidentiary processes. The results indicate that the non-conviction-based asset forfeiture (NCB) paradigm offers a more efficient solution through in rem proceedings, a balance of probabilities evidentiary standard, and a reverse burden of proof while ensuring protection for bona fide third parties. The novelty of this research lies in constructing a comprehensive legal model for asset forfeiture that integrates evidentiary rules, procedural safeguards, human rights protection, and harmonization with the United Nations Convention Against Corruption (UNCAC) 2003. The study concludes that shifting from a conviction-based to an NCB system is essential to accelerate asset recovery and strengthen anti-corruption efforts. The recommendations call for expedited enactment of the Asset Forfeiture Bill, enhanced inter-agency coordination, and the development of transparent and accountable legal infrastructure. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hambatan konseptual dan yuridis dalam pemulihan aset tindak pidana korupsi serta merumuskan paradigma hukum baru yang lebih efektif untuk mengoptimalkan pengembalian kerugian negara. Latar belakang penelitian berangkat dari ketidakoptimalan mekanisme conviction-based asset forfeiture yang selama ini diterapkan di Indonesia, di mana perampasan aset hanya dapat dilakukan melalui putusan pidana sehingga memberi ruang bagi pelaku untuk menyembunyikan atau mengalihkan harta hasil kejahatan. Menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan perbandingan hukum, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa sistem pemulihan aset berbasis putusan pengadilan tidak adaptif terhadap karakteristik white-collar crime yang kompleks, transnasional, dan sulit dibuktikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa paradigma non-conviction-based asset forfeiture (NCB) lebih efektif karena menitikberatkan pada gugatan in rem, pembuktian berdasarkan balance of probabilities, serta pembalikan beban pembuktian kepada pemilik aset dengan tetap melindungi hak pihak ketiga beriktikad baik. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada penyusunan model komprehensif perampasan aset yang mencakup aspek sistem pembuktian, prosedur hukum acara, perlindungan HAM, dan harmonisasi dengan UNCAC 2003. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pergeseran paradigma dari conviction-based menuju NCB merupakan kebutuhan mendesak untuk mempercepat pemulihan aset negara dan meningkatkan efektivitas pemberantasan korupsi. Rekomendasi penelitian menegaskan pentingnya percepatan pengesahan RUU Perampasan Aset, penguatan koordinasi antar-lembaga, serta pembangunan infrastruktur hukum yang transparan dan akuntabel.

Legal Protection for Debtors in Online Loan Transactions in the Fintech Era Amada, Fanesa; Kelik Wardiono
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i3.12975

The rapid expansion of financial technology (fintech) lending has widened public access to credit, yet it has also intensified legal concerns related to unequal bargaining power, non-transparent contractual terms, and the vulnerability of specific debtor groups. This study analyzes the legal relationship formed in online loan agreements between student borrowers of UIN Raden Mas Said Surakarta and fintech lending providers, and examines the forms of legal protection available to them. Previous research has primarily focused on regulatory frameworks, leaving a gap in understanding how online loan contracts operate in practice among students as a uniquely vulnerable debtor group. Using a normative juridical method supported by a descriptive qualitative approach, this study employs statutory, conceptual, and case-based analyses, complemented by interviews with student users of peer-to-peer lending services. The findings show that online loan agreements formally meet the validity requirements under Articles 1320 and 1754 of the Civil Code and are legally recognized as electronic contracts under the Electronic Information and Transactions Law. However, the contracts are largely standardized, creating an imbalance of bargaining power that limits student autonomy and increases exposure to high-interest fees, data misuse, and one-sided clauses. Legal protection for debtors is provided through preventive mechanisms—including transparency obligations, personal data safeguards, and financial literacy initiatives—and repressive mechanisms such as civil remedies, OJK complaint processes, and alternative dispute resolution through LAPS SJK. Despite this framework, implementation remains weak due to limited legal awareness and suboptimal fintech supervision. The novelty of this study lies in its contextual analysis of student borrowers, revealing specific contractual vulnerabilities and proposing stronger regulatory enforcement and legal literacy strategies to ensure fair, transparent, and sustainable fintech lending practices.

Peran Notaris dalam Menjamin Keabsahan dan Autentisitas Akta Kredit Perbankan Pyarrani, Dilla; Burhanuddin, Sisca Ferawati
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i3.10081

This study examines the role of notaries in ensuring the validity and authenticity of authentic deeds in banking credit agreements and analyzes the legal implications of the degradation of their evidentiary value. In banking practice, credit agreements are commonly executed in the form of authentic deeds to guarantee legal certainty and provide conclusive evidence in dispute resolution. However, in judicial proceedings, the evidentiary strength of authentic deeds may be challenged and reduced through counter-evidence, particularly when material or formal defects are proven. This condition raises concerns regarding public trust in notarial deeds and the notarial profession. This research employs a normative juridical method with a statutory and conceptual approach, relying on secondary legal materials obtained through library research. The findings indicate that the evidentiary perfection of authentic deeds depends on a dual responsibility inherent in their classification as partij acte. Notaries are responsible for ensuring formal authenticity through compliance with statutory procedures and the principle of due diligence, while the parties bear responsibility for material validity through good faith in providing accurate information and supporting documents. Failure to fulfill these requirements may result in the degradation of the deed’s evidentiary value, either rendering it void, voidable, or reducing it to a private deed. This study contributes by clarifying the distribution of legal responsibility between notaries and the parties and emphasizes the importance of professional ethics, good faith, and procedural compliance to maintain legal certainty and public confidence in authentic deeds within banking transactions. Penelitian ini mengkaji peran Notaris dalam menjamin keabsahan dan autentisitas akta autentik perjanjian kredit perbankan serta menganalisis implikasi hukum dari degradasi nilai pembuktiannya. Dalam praktik perbankan, perjanjian kredit umumnya dibuat dalam bentuk akta autentik guna menjamin kepastian hukum dan menyediakan alat bukti yang sempurna dalam penyelesaian sengketa. Namun, dalam proses peradilan, kekuatan pembuktian akta autentik dapat dipatahkan melalui pembuktian sebaliknya apabila terbukti terdapat cacat formil maupun materiil. Kondisi tersebut berpotensi memengaruhi kepercayaan publik terhadap akta autentik dan profesi Notaris. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual, berdasarkan studi kepustakaan terhadap bahan hukum sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kesempurnaan nilai pembuktian akta autentik ditentukan oleh pembagian tanggung jawab yang melekat pada sifatnya sebagai partij acte. Notaris bertanggung jawab menjamin autentisitas akta melalui ketaatan prosedural dan asas kehati-hatian, sedangkan para pihak bertanggung jawab atas keabsahan materiil melalui penerapan asas itikad baik dalam pemberian keterangan dan dokumen pendukung. Ketidakpatuhan terhadap unsur-unsur tersebut dapat mengakibatkan degradasi nilai pembuktian akta, baik menjadi batal demi hukum, dapat dibatalkan, maupun tereduksi menjadi akta di bawah tangan. Penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya profesionalitas Notaris, kejujuran para pihak, dan kepatuhan prosedural guna menjaga kepastian hukum serta kepercayaan publik dalam transaksi kredit perbankan.

Perlindungan Pihak Ketiga Beriktikad Baik Dalam Non-Conviction Based Asset Forfeiture Fadhila, Yanuar Ramadhana
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i3.12263

This study critically examines the legal framework governing non-conviction-based asset forfeiture (NCB) in Indonesia, with particular emphasis on the protection of bona fide third parties. Despite its strategic role in asset recovery for combating corruption, the implementation of NCB has generated significant legal uncertainty due to normative disharmony among national regulations, including anti-corruption laws, anti-money laundering laws, criminal procedural law, Supreme Court Regulations, and the Draft Asset Forfeiture Bill. This study employs a normative juridical method using statutory and conceptual approaches to analyze the extent to which existing regulations safeguard third-party property rights in accordance with due process of law and the presumption of innocence. The findings reveal that the absence of clear legal parameters defining bona fide third parties, disproportionate evidentiary burdens, and restrictive objection mechanisms has weakened legal protection and increased the risk of constitutional rights violations. The novelty of this research lies in proposing a reconstructed legal framework for NCB asset forfeiture by formulating objective indicators of good faith, proportional standards of proof, reasonable time limits for objections, and strengthened judicial oversight. The study contributes theoretically to the development of a balanced asset forfeiture model that harmonizes state interests in asset recovery with individual property rights, while practically offering regulatory reform recommendations to enhance legal certainty, procedural fairness, and the legitimacy of asset recovery mechanisms in Indonesia. Penelitian ini mengkaji secara kritis kerangka hukum non-conviction based asset forfeiture (NCB) di Indonesia dengan menitikberatkan pada perlindungan hukum bagi pihak ketiga yang beriktikad baik. Meskipun NCB memiliki peran strategis dalam pemulihan aset hasil tindak pidana korupsi, implementasinya masih menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum akibat disharmoni normatif antara berbagai regulasi nasional, termasuk undang-undang pemberantasan korupsi, tindak pidana pencucian uang, hukum acara pidana, peraturan Mahkamah Agung, serta Rancangan Undang-Undang Perampasan Aset. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual untuk menganalisis sejauh mana perlindungan hak milik pihak ketiga telah sejalan dengan prinsip due process of law dan asas praduga tidak bersalah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketiadaan parameter hukum yang jelas mengenai iktikad baik, pembebanan pembuktian yang tidak proporsional, serta mekanisme keberatan yang terbatas telah melemahkan perlindungan hukum dan berpotensi melanggar hak konstitusional pihak ketiga. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada perumusan rekonstruksi kerangka hukum perampasan aset berbasis NCB melalui penetapan indikator objektif iktikad baik, standar pembuktian yang proporsional, jangka waktu keberatan yang rasional, serta penguatan peran pengawasan yudisial. Secara teoretis, penelitian ini berkontribusi pada pengembangan model perampasan aset yang berkeadilan, sedangkan secara praktis menawarkan rekomendasi pembaruan regulasi guna meningkatkan kepastian hukum, keadilan prosedural, dan legitimasi mekanisme asset recovery di Indonesia.

Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name
Zaenal Arifin

Contact Email
zaenal@usm.ac.id

Phone
+6282242226898

Journal Mail Official
usmlawreview@usm.ac.id

Editorial Address
Jl. Soekarno - Hatta

Location
Kota semarang,

Jawa tengah

INDONESIA

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Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name Zaenal Arifin

Contact Email zaenal@usm.ac.id

Phone +6282242226898

Journal Mail Official usmlawreview@usm.ac.id

Editorial Address Jl. Soekarno - Hatta

Location Kota semarang, Jawa tengah INDONESIA

Abstract

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Contact Name
Zaenal Arifin

Contact Email
zaenal@usm.ac.id

Phone
+6282242226898

Journal Mail Official
usmlawreview@usm.ac.id

Editorial Address
Jl. Soekarno - Hatta

Location
Kota semarang,

Jawa tengah

INDONESIA