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Implikasi Hukum Restrukturisasi Kelembagaandan Pembentukan Kementerian Baru dalam KerangkaTata Kelola Pemerintahan Indonesia Benyamin Tungga; Jamil Jamil; Imam Sukadi
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): JUNE
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v9i2.12536

This study aims to analyze the policy of establishing new ministries, the legal implications of institutional restructuring, and its impact on the effectiveness of governance within the framework of Indonesian constitutional law. The background to this research is the formation of new ministries during Prabowo's administration, which sparked debate about the effectiveness of governance and legal certainty. The urgency lies in the potential for institutional restructuring to cause regulatory inconsistencies, overlapping authorities, and administrative legitimacy uncertainties if not supported by a comprehensive legal framework. The research uses a normative juridical method with a legislative, conceptual, and comparative approach through qualitative analysis of legal materials. The results show that restructuring can improve government effectiveness through functional specialization and increased accountability, but also risks creating coordination complexity and legal uncertainty without adequate regulatory harmonization and oversight. Therefore, the formation of ministries must be placed within the framework of the principle of legality and limitation of power. The novelty of this research lies in the model of institutional restructuring analysis that integrates institutional design, legal certainty, and constitutional oversight as prerequisites for sustainable government effectiveness. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kebijakan pembentukan kementerian baru, implikasi hukum restrukturisasi kelembagaan, serta dampaknya terhadap efektivitas pemerintahan dalam kerangka hukum tata negara Indonesia. Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah pembentukan kementerian baru pada era pemerintahan Prabowo yang memicu perdebatan mengenai efektivitas tata kelola dan kepastian hukum. Urgensinya terletak pada potensi restrukturisasi kelembagaan yang menimbulkan ketidaksinkronan regulasi, tumpang tindih kewenangan, dan ketidakjelasan legitimasi administratif apabila tidak didukung kerangka hukum yang komprehensif. Penelitian menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan komparatif melalui analisis kualitatif bahan hukum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa restrukturisasi dapat meningkatkan efektivitas pemerintahan melalui spesialisasi fungsi dan peningkatan akuntabilitas, namun juga berisiko menimbulkan kompleksitas koordinasi dan ketidakpastian hukum tanpa harmonisasi regulasi dan pengawasan memadai. Oleh karena itu, pembentukan kementerian harus ditempatkan dalam kerangka asas legalitas dan pembatasan kekuasaan. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada model analisis restrukturisasi kelembagaan yang mengintegrasikan desain institusional, kepastian hukum, dan pengawasan konstitusional sebagai prasyarat efektivitas pemerintahan berkelanjutan.

Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Perempuan dari Kekerasan Seksual dan Pelecehan Seksual di Tempat Kerja Nina Rosida; Amanda Rifti; Andini Nur Prihartanti
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): JUNE
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v9i2.12613

This study aims to analyze legal protection for female workers based on the Decree of the Minister of Manpower Number 88 of 2023 (Kepmenaker Nomor 88 Tahun 2023) and to examine the obstacles to its implementation in addressing sexual violence in the workplace. This research employs a normative juridical method with statutory and conceptual approaches through library research. The findings reveal that Kepmenaker Nomor 88 Tahun 2023 provides a more operational legal protection framework through the mandatory establishment of the Task Force for the Prevention and Handling of Sexual Violence (Satgas PPKS), encompassing preventive, repressive, and rehabilitative measures. However, its implementation remains ineffective due to four major barriers: normative limitations reflected in the absence of binding administrative sanctions, institutional weaknesses in labor supervision, persistent patriarchal culture and victim-blaming attitudes, and practical resistance from companies. The novelty of this study lies in its comprehensive normative evaluation of Kepmenaker Nomor 88 Tahun 2023 by integrating legal substance analysis with implementation challenges. This study recommends strengthening the regulatory framework, enhancing enforcement mechanisms, and integrating gender-based protection policies into industrial relations instruments to ensure effective and equitable legal protection for female workers. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perlindungan hukum bagi pekerja perempuan berdasarkan Keputusan Menteri Ketenagakerjaan Nomor 88 Tahun 2023 (Kepmenaker Nomor 88 Tahun 2023) serta mengkaji hambatan implementasinya dalam menangani kekerasan seksual di tempat kerja. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual melalui studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kepmenaker Nomor 88 Tahun 2023 telah memberikan kerangka perlindungan hukum yang lebih operasional melalui kewajiban pembentukan Satgas PPKS yang mencakup fungsi preventif, represif, dan rehabilitatif. Namun, implementasinya masih belum optimal akibat empat hambatan utama, yaitu kelemahan normatif berupa ketiadaan sanksi yang mengikat, lemahnya pengawasan ketenagakerjaan secara institusional, kuatnya budaya patriarki dan victim-blaming, serta resistensi perusahaan dalam praktik. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada evaluasi normatif yang komprehensif terhadap Kepmenaker Nomor 88 Tahun 2023 dengan mengintegrasikan analisis substansi hukum dan realitas implementasinya. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan penguatan daya ikat regulasi, optimalisasi mekanisme penegakan hukum, serta integrasi kebijakan perlindungan berbasis gender dalam instrumen hubungan industrial guna mewujudkan perlindungan hukum yang efektif dan berkeadilan bagi pekerja perempuan.

Akibat Hukum dan Kesenjangan Regulasi Dalam Implementasi INA-CBGs di Indonesia Seno Setia Nugroho; Laras Budiyani; Yuyut Prayuti
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): MARCH
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v9i1.12769

This study aims to analyze the implementation of Law Number 40 of 2004 concerning the National Social Security System in the context of the Indonesia Case Base Groups (INA-CBGs)-based healthcare financing scheme managed by BPJS Kesehatan. The main focus of the study is directed at identifying legal and technical issues arising from the implementation of the package tariff system, as well as the urgency of strengthening legal certainty in the implementation of national healthcare insurance. This study uses a normative juridical method with a descriptive-analytical approach, where data is collected through a literature review covering legislation, legal doctrine, academic literature, and theories of legal implementation and dispute resolution. The analysis is conducted qualitatively to assess the conformity between legal norms and the implementation practices of INA-CBGs. The research findings indicate that the implementation of the INA-CBGs system has the potential to cause various problems, such as the risk of medical errors, alleged malpractice, claim fraud, and unfair financing for patients with high levels of disease complexity. In addition, the dispute resolution mechanisms through both non-litigation and litigation channels are considered to be less than optimal. The implications of this research emphasize the need for strengthened regulations, improved competency of healthcare workers and claims administrators, and transparency of the financing system to prevent recurrent disputes. The research's uniqueness lies in its integrative approach, which comprehensively links legal aspects, healthcare financing practices, and dispute resolution mechanisms within the INA-CBGs scheme, an area not widely explored in previous research. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penerapan Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2004 tentang Sistem Jaminan Sosial Nasional dalam konteks skema pembiayaan layanan kesehatan berbasis Indonesia Case Base Groups (INA-CBGs) yang dikelola oleh BPJS Kesehatan. Fokus utama penelitian diarahkan pada identifikasi persoalan hukum dan teknis yang muncul akibat penerapan sistem tarif paket, serta urgensi penguatan kepastian hukum dalam penyelenggaraan jaminan kesehatan nasional. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif-analitik, di mana data dikumpulkan melalui studi kepustakaan yang mencakup peraturan perundang-undangan, doktrin hukum, literatur akademik, dan teori implementasi hukum serta penyelesaian sengketa. Analisis dilakukan secara kualitatif untuk menilai kesesuaian antara norma hukum dan praktik pelaksanaan INA-CBGs. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan sistem INA-CBGs berpotensi menimbulkan berbagai permasalahan, seperti risiko kesalahan medis, dugaan malpraktik, penyimpangan klaim (fraud), serta ketidakadilan pembiayaan bagi pasien dengan tingkat kompleksitas penyakit yang tinggi. Selain itu, mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa baik melalui jalur nonlitigasi maupun litigasi dinilai belum berjalan optimal. Implikasi penelitian ini menegaskan perlunya penguatan regulasi, peningkatan kompetensi tenaga kesehatan dan administrator klaim, serta transparansi sistem pembiayaan guna mencegah sengketa berulang. Keaslian penelitian terletak pada pendekatan integratif yang mengaitkan aspek hukum, praktik pembiayaan kesehatan, dan mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa dalam skema INA-CBGs secara komprehensif, yang belum banyak dikaji dalam penelitian sebelumnya.

Perlindungan Hukum Pasien dan Tenaga Medis Dalam Pelaksanaan Medical Check Up Abi Hakim Al Iman; Romi Yusardi; Happy Yulia Anggraeni
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): MARCH
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v9i1.12914

This study aims to analyze legal protection for patients and medical personnel in the implementation of medical check-ups (MCU) based on Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health, and the perspective of Islamic law. This issue is significant because the mass, administrative, and rapid nature of MCU services creates potential legal risks, including weaknesses in informed consent, violations of medical confidentiality, and healthcare disputes. This research employs a normative juridical method using statutory, conceptual, and Islamic law approaches, analyzed qualitatively. The results show that legal protection for patients is realized through the fulfillment of rights to medical information, informed consent, confidentiality of health data, and access to complaint mechanisms. Meanwhile, medical personnel obtain legal protection as long as they perform their duties in accordance with professional standards, competence, operational procedures, and ethical codes. From the Islamic law perspective, such protection aligns with maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah principles, particularly the protection of life (ḥifẓ al-nafs), consent (riḍā), justice, and trust in maintaining medical confidentiality. The novelty of this study lies in integrating the latest Health Law analysis with Islamic law, specifically in the MCU context. This study concludes that positive law and Islamic law complement each other in establishing a comprehensive, fair, and proportional legal protection system. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perlindungan hukum bagi pasien dan tenaga medis dalam pelaksanaan medical check-up (MCU) berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2023 tentang Kesehatan dan perspektif hukum Islam. Penelitian ini penting karena karakteristik layanan MCU yang bersifat massal, administratif, dan cepat berpotensi menimbulkan risiko hukum, seperti kelemahan informed consent, pelanggaran kerahasiaan medis, dan sengketa pelayanan kesehatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan hukum Islam, serta dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlindungan hukum bagi pasien diwujudkan melalui pemenuhan hak atas informasi medis, persetujuan tindakan medis, kerahasiaan data kesehatan, dan mekanisme pengaduan. Sementara itu, tenaga medis memperoleh perlindungan hukum sepanjang menjalankan tugas sesuai standar profesi, kompetensi, prosedur operasional, dan kode etik. Dalam perspektif hukum Islam, perlindungan tersebut sejalan dengan prinsip maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah, khususnya perlindungan jiwa (ḥifẓ al-nafs), asas kerelaan (riḍā), keadilan, dan amanah dalam menjaga kerahasiaan medis. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada integrasi analisis Undang-Undang Kesehatan terbaru dengan perspektif hukum Islam secara spesifik dalam konteks MCU. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa hukum positif dan hukum Islam saling melengkapi dalam membangun sistem perlindungan hukum yang komprehensif, adil, dan proporsional bagi pasien dan tenaga medis.

Konflik Kewenangan BPSK dan Pengadilan Dalam Sengketa Pembiayaan Konsumen Alifah Nur Fitriana Naridha; Rachmawati
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): MARCH
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v9i1.13012

This study aims to analyze the Conflict of Authority between the Consumer Dispute Resolution Agency (Badan Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen/BPSK) and the District Court in resolving consumer financing disputes secured by fiduciary guarantees, with specific reference to Decision Number 62/Pdt.Sus-BPSK/2024/PN Idm. The research is motivated by the need for fast, simple, and low-cost consumer dispute resolution, which in practice is often undermined by unclear jurisdictional boundaries, the dualism of decision finality and objection mechanisms, and the overlap between consumer protection norms and contractual default as well as fiduciary enforcement. This study employs a normative juridical method based on literature research using statutory, case, and conceptual approaches, with qualitative analysis of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials to assess normative consistency and the legal implications of the decision. The findings reveal that the classification of the dispute object is decisive in determining jurisdiction, where BPSK is appropriate when the dispute centers on violations of consumer protection norms in service provision and settlement procedures, provided that the chosen mechanism complies with the principle of voluntariness. Conversely, when the core issue concerns contractual default, interpretation of forum selection clauses, and the legality of fiduciary execution following constitutional review, the general court constitutes the proper forum. The study concludes that the absence of clear jurisdictional demarcation results in procedural inefficiency, increased costs, and delayed legal remedies, thereby diminishing the effectiveness of BPSK as an alternative dispute resolution body. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis konflik kewenangan antara Badan Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen (BPSK) dan pengadilan negeri dalam penyelesaian sengketa pembiayaan konsumen yang dijamin dengan fidusia, dengan menelaah Putusan Nomor 62/Pdt.Sus-BPSK/2024/PN Idm. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kebutuhan penyelesaian sengketa konsumen yang cepat, sederhana, dan berbiaya ringan, namun dalam praktiknya sering terkendala oleh ketidakjelasan batas yurisdiksi, dualisme sifat final putusan dan mekanisme keberatan, serta tumpang tindih antara norma perlindungan konsumen, wanprestasi kontraktual, dan eksekusi jaminan fidusia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif berbasis studi kepustakaan dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan kasus, dan pendekatan konseptual, serta analisis kualitatif terhadap bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier untuk menilai konsistensi norma dan implikasi yuridis putusan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualifikasi objek sengketa menjadi faktor penentu kewenangan forum, di mana BPSK relevan apabila sengketa berfokus pada pelanggaran norma perlindungan konsumen dalam penyediaan jasa dan prosedur penyelesaian sengketa dengan tetap memenuhi prinsip kesukarelaan. Sebaliknya, apabila pokok perkara berkaitan dengan wanprestasi perjanjian, penafsiran klausula pilihan forum, dan legalitas eksekusi fidusia pasca koreksi konstitusional, maka pengadilan negeri merupakan forum yang tepat. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa ketidakjelasan batas kewenangan tersebut menimbulkan proses berlapis, meningkatkan biaya, dan menunda pemulihan hak konsumen, sehingga melemahkan efektivitas BPSK sebagai lembaga penyelesaian sengketa alternatif.

Penguatan Regulasi Anti-SLAPP Dalam Perlindungan Hukum Aktivis Lingkungan di Indonesia Yudhitiya Dyah Sukmadewi; Endah Pujiastuti; Tri Mulyani; Supriyadi Supriyadi; Kartika Widya Utama
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): MARCH
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v9i1.13110

This study aims to analyze the urgency of strengthening Anti-SLAPP regulation in the legal protection of environmental activists in Indonesia and to evaluate the effectiveness of its regulation based on Lawrence M. Friedman’s legal system framework. This study is motivated by the ineffectiveness of Anti-SLAPP regulation in protecting environmental activists from criminalization, while previous studies have not provided a comprehensive analysis integrating legal substance, law enforcement structure, and legal culture as a unified system. The study employs normative legal research using statutory and conceptual approaches, based on secondary data consisting of primary and secondary legal materials analyzed qualitatively through deductive reasoning. The findings indicate that the ineffectiveness of Anti-SLAPP regulation is caused by the lack of operational clarity in Article 66 of the Environmental Protection and Management Law (legal substance), law enforcement interpretations that are inconsistent with the principles of lex specialis and ultimum remedium (legal structure), and low levels of public participation and legal awareness (legal culture). This study offers novelty in the form of an evaluation framework for Anti-SLAPP effectiveness based on Friedman’s legal system, which assesses the legal system systematically while formulating the need to revise the Environmental Protection and Management Law to ensure that legal protection becomes more operational and implementable. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis urgensi penguatan regulasi Anti-SLAPP dalam perlindungan hukum aktivis lingkungan di Indonesia serta mengevaluasi efektivitas pengaturannya berdasarkan sistem hukum Lawrence M. Friedman. Kajian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh belum efektifnya pengaturan Anti-SLAPP dalam melindungi aktivis lingkungan dari kriminalisasi, sementara penelitian terdahulu belum memberikan analisis komprehensif yang mengintegrasikan substansi hukum, struktur penegakan hukum, dan kultur hukum sebagai satu sistem. Penelitian menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual, berbasis data sekunder berupa bahan hukum primer dan sekunder yang dianalisis secara kualitatif melalui penalaran deduktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketidakefektifan regulasi Anti-SLAPP disebabkan oleh ketidakjelasan operasional Pasal 66 UUPPLH (substansi), penafsiran APH yang tidak konsisten dengan asas lex specialis dan ultimum remedium (struktur), serta rendahnya partisipasi dan kesadaran hukum masyarakat (kultur). Penelitian ini menawarkan kebaruan berupa kerangka evaluasi efektivitas Anti-SLAPP berbasis sistem hukum Friedman yang menilai hukum secara sistemik sekaligus merumuskan kebutuhan revisi UUPPLH agar perlindungan hukum lebih operasional dan implementatif.

Administrative Law and Fiscal Governance of Petroleum Imports: Indonesia–Singapore Comparison Audrianna Richella; Michelle Jesslyn; Fidelya Heryxlim Eng
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 9 No. 4 (2026): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v9i4.13134

This study aims to examine how administrative law architecture influences the fiscal governance of petroleum imports in Indonesia and Singapore, focusing on institutional design, licensing procedures, regulatory coordination, and digital governance. The study addresses a research gap in petroleum import scholarship, which has predominantly emphasized economic and market determinants while giving limited attention to administrative-law mechanisms shaping policy implementation. Using normative juridical research with statutory, comparative, and conceptual approaches, this study analyses legislation, administrative regulations, policy instruments, institutional arrangements, and relevant scholarly literature in both jurisdictions. The findings show that Indonesia’s fragmented institutional authority, multilayered licensing procedures, centralized import arrangements, and limited digital integration constrain regulatory predictability, administrative accountability, and the effectiveness of fiscal instruments in influencing import behaviour, which remains strongly affected by global prices, declining domestic production, and market volatility. Singapore, by contrast, demonstrates coordinated institutional mandates, integrated digital procedures, and consistent regulatory enforcement that support administrative efficiency and policy stability. The novelty of this study lies in conceptualizing administrative law architecture as a determinant of fiscal-import policy performance through a civil law–common law comparison, extending petroleum governance analysis beyond economic factors to institutional and procedural dimensions. The study proposes institutional integration, digital administrative reform, procedural simplification, and strengthened accountability as key directions for improving Indonesia’s petroleum import governance.

Penguatan Perlindungan Anak Melalui Pencabutan Kuasa Asuh Pada Eksploitasi Digital Harashta Inatsan Andrian; Susilowati Suparto; Deviana Yuanitasari
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): MARCH
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v9i1.13155

This study aims to analyze the forms of legal protection available to children who are victims of digital exploitation committed by their parents and to examine the legal consequences that may be imposed on parents under Indonesian law. The rapid growth of digital platforms has increased children’s vulnerability to exploitation, particularly when parents act as perpetrators under economic or social justifications. This research employs a normative juridical method using statutory, case, and comparative approaches to assess the adequacy of existing child protection regulations in addressing digital exploitation. The findings indicate that although child exploitation is generally prohibited under Indonesian law, the absence of specific regulations governing digital exploitation and the weak implementation of preventive mechanisms have limited the effectiveness of child protection. Consequently, repressive legal protection becomes essential once exploitation has occurred. In this context, the revocation of parental custody is positioned as a necessary and legitimate legal instrument, not merely as a sanction against parents, but as a protective mechanism to ensure the fulfillment of children’s rights. The novelty of this study lies in emphasizing the termination of custody as a form of repressive legal protection grounded in the principle of the best interest of the child, particularly in cases where parents fail to fulfill their legal obligations. This study concludes that strengthening the application of custody revocation is crucial to enhancing child protection and ensuring a safer digital environment for children in Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bentuk perlindungan hukum terhadap anak yang menjadi korban eksploitasi digital oleh orang tua serta mengkaji akibat hukum yang dapat dikenakan kepada orang tua sebagai pelaku berdasarkan hukum Indonesia. Perkembangan pesat platform digital telah meningkatkan kerentanan anak terhadap eksploitasi, terutama ketika orang tua bertindak sebagai pelaku dengan alasan ekonomi atau sosial. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan kasus, dan pendekatan perbandingan untuk menilai kecukupan regulasi perlindungan anak dalam menghadapi eksploitasi digital. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun larangan eksploitasi anak telah diatur dalam berbagai peraturan perundang-undangan, ketiadaan pengaturan khusus mengenai eksploitasi digital serta lemahnya pelaksanaan perlindungan preventif menyebabkan perlindungan anak belum berjalan optimal. Oleh karena itu, penerapan perlindungan hukum represif menjadi kebutuhan mendesak ketika eksploitasi telah terjadi. Dalam konteks ini, pencabutan kuasa asuh diposisikan sebagai instrumen perlindungan hukum yang penting, tidak semata sebagai konsekuensi hukum bagi orang tua, melainkan sebagai mekanisme untuk menjamin pemenuhan hak dan kepentingan terbaik bagi anak. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada penegasan pencabutan kuasa asuh sebagai bentuk perlindungan represif yang berlandaskan prinsip the best interest of the child dalam kasus eksploitasi digital oleh orang tua. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa penguatan penerapan pencabutan kuasa asuh diperlukan untuk meningkatkan efektivitas perlindungan anak di ruang digital.

Perbandingan Mekanisme Penyelesaian Sengketa Tanah antara Hukum Adat dan Hukum Positif Siti Nur Wahida; Zulfikar Putra; Farid Wajdi
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): JUNE
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v9i2.13159

This study aims to analyze the mechanisms of land dispute resolution through the customary law of the Tolaki tribe and statutory law, as well as to compare the effectiveness of both in terms of legal certainty, costs, and the duration of the resolution process. The background of this study is based on the high potential for land disputes, which often lead to prolonged social conflicts, as well as the public’s confusion in choosing the appropriate resolution pathway. The research design employed is empirical legal research, where primary data was collected through interviews and observations, while secondary data was obtained from literature reviews using a descriptive-qualitative approach. Data analysis utilized the Miles and Huberman model, along with triangulation of sources and methods. The research findings indicate that the Tolaki tribe’s customary law, through deliberation symbolized by Kalosara, is more effective in terms of cost and time and maintains social harmony, whereas positive law provides formal legal certainty and strong enforceability but requires greater costs and time. It is concluded that both systems are complementary within the framework of legal pluralism. The novelty of this study lies in its empirical comparative analysis, which specifically compares the effectiveness of the two systems within a single framework of measurable indicators. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa tanah melalui hukum adat suku Tolaki dan hukum positif serta membandingkan efektivitas keduanya ditinjau dari aspek kepastian hukum, biaya, dan lama waktu penyelesaian. Latar belakang penelitian ini didasarkan pada tingginya potensi sengketa pertanahan yang sering menimbulkan konflik sosial berkepanjangan serta kebingungan masyarakat dalam memilih jalur penyelesaian yang tepat. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum empiris, di mana data primer diambil melalui wawancara dan observasi, sedangkan data sekunder diambil dari studi kepustakaan dengan pendekatan deskriptif-kualitatif dan metode analisis data menggunakan model Miles dan Huberman serta triangulasi sumber dan metode. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hukum adat suku Tolaki melalui musyawarah dengan simbol Kalosara lebih efektif dari segi biaya dan waktu serta menjaga keharmonisan sosial, sedangkan hukum positif memberikan kepastian hukum formal dan kekuatan eksekutorial yang tegas namun memerlukan biaya dan waktu lebih besar. Disimpulkan bahwa kedua sistem bersifat saling melengkapi dalam kerangka pluralisme hukum. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada kajian komparatif empiris yang secara spesifik membandingkan efektivitas kedua sistem dalam satu kerangka indikator yang terukur.

Status Hubungan Kerja Tenaga Medis dan Kesehatan dalam Skema Kemitraan Fasilitas Kesehatan Sri Narulita; Fatkhurohman Fatkhurohman; Setyo Sugiharto
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): JUNE
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v9i2.13167

This study aims to analyze the juridical qualification of employment relationships between medical and health personnel and healthcare facilities in Indonesia, as well as to examine the implications of Supreme Court Decision Number 36K/Pdt.Sus-PHI/2023 in strengthening normative labor protections. This research employs a normative legal method using statutory, case, and conceptual approaches, supported by theories of industrial relations, justice, and professional autonomy. The findings reveal that partnership schemes implemented in corporate-based healthcare facilities substantively fulfill the essential elements of employment relationships, namely work, remuneration, and managerial control, indicating the existence of disguised employment practices. The Supreme Court decision reinforces the doctrine of substance over form, affirming that employment status must be determined based on factual working conditions rather than contractual labels, thereby expanding the legal recognition of medical personnel as professional workers entitled to labor protections. This study contributes novelty by proposing a normative reconstruction that explicitly recognizes medical and health personnel as professional employees and promotes the harmonization of health and labor law regimes to ensure legal certainty, justice, and balanced industrial relations in the healthcare sector. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kualifikasi yuridis hubungan kerja antara tenaga medis dan tenaga kesehatan dengan fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan di Indonesia serta mengkaji implikasi Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 36K/Pdt.Sus-PHI/2023 terhadap penguatan perlindungan hak normatif pekerja. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, kasus, dan konseptual, serta didukung oleh teori hubungan industrial, keadilan, dan profesi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa skema kemitraan pada fasilitas kesehatan berbadan hukum secara substansial telah memenuhi unsur hubungan kerja berupa pekerjaan, upah, dan perintah, sehingga mencerminkan praktik hubungan kerja terselubung (disguised employment). Putusan Mahkamah Agung tersebut menegaskan doktrin substance over form, bahwa penentuan status hubungan kerja harus didasarkan pada realitas faktual, bukan semata-mata pada konstruksi kontraktual, sehingga memperluas pengakuan tenaga medis sebagai pekerja profesional yang berhak atas perlindungan ketenagakerjaan. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada tawaran rekonstruksi normatif yang menegaskan status tenaga medis dan kesehatan sebagai pekerja profesional serta mendorong harmonisasi antara rezim hukum kesehatan dan ketenagakerjaan guna mewujudkan kepastian hukum, keadilan, dan keseimbangan hubungan industrial di sektor kesehatan.

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Contact Name
Zaenal Arifin

Contact Email
zaenal@usm.ac.id

Phone
+6282242226898

Journal Mail Official
usmlawreview@usm.ac.id

Editorial Address
Jl. Soekarno - Hatta

Location
Kota semarang,

Jawa tengah

INDONESIA

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Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name Zaenal Arifin

Contact Email zaenal@usm.ac.id

Phone +6282242226898

Journal Mail Official usmlawreview@usm.ac.id

Editorial Address Jl. Soekarno - Hatta

Location Kota semarang, Jawa tengah INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Contact Name
Zaenal Arifin

Contact Email
zaenal@usm.ac.id

Phone
+6282242226898

Journal Mail Official
usmlawreview@usm.ac.id

Editorial Address
Jl. Soekarno - Hatta

Location
Kota semarang,

Jawa tengah

INDONESIA