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JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW
Published by Universitas Semarang
ISSN : -     EISSN : 26214105     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.26623/julr.v2i2.2266
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Social Sciences
Journal USM LAW REVIEW (JULR) is an academic journal for Legal Studies published by Master of Law, Semarang University. It aims primarily to facilitate scholarly and professional discussions over current developments on legal issues in Indonesia as well as to publish innovative legal researches concerning Indonesian laws and legal system. The focus and scope of this journal are legal problems in the fields of Criminal Law; Civil Law; Constitutional Law; International Law; Administrative Law; Islamic Law; Business Law; Medical Law; Environmental Law; Adat Law; Agrarian Law; Legal Philosophy.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Hukum
Articles 682 Documents
 62   63   64   65   66 
Optimalisasi Restitusi dan Konstruksi Dakwaan bagi Anak Korban Prostitusi Online Putri Maharani; Rasdi Rasdi
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): JUNE
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v9i2.13374

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the implementation of legal protection for child victims of online prostitution, particularly in the fulfillment of restitution rights and the construction of indictments in criminal justice practice through the analysis of Decision Number 563/Pid.Sus/2023/PN Srg. This research employs a normative juridical method with statutory and case approaches. The findings reveal that the implementation of restitution as regulated under Government Regulation Number 43 of 2017 remains suboptimal, while the use of alternative indictments limits the scope of criminal liability and results in the failure to fulfill victims’ recovery rights. This condition reflects a gap between legal norms and judicial practice that has not fully adopted the principle of the best interests of the child. The study highlights that indictment construction plays a strategic role in shaping legal protection and the effectiveness of restitution fulfillment. The novelty of this research lies in examining the causal relationship between indictment construction and the fulfillment of restitution rights for child victims, as well as recommending cumulative or combined indictments to achieve victim-oriented substantive justice.   Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi perlindungan hukum terhadap anak korban prostitusi online, khususnya dalam pemenuhan hak restitusi dan konstruksi dakwaan dalam praktik peradilan pidana melalui studi Putusan Nomor 563/Pid.Sus/2023/PN Srg. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan restitusi sebagaimana diatur dalam Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 43 Tahun 2017 belum optimal, serta penggunaan dakwaan alternatif menyebabkan terbatasnya ruang pertanggungjawaban pelaku dan tidak terpenuhinya hak pemulihan korban. Kondisi ini menunjukkan adanya kesenjangan antara norma hukum dan praktik peradilan yang belum sepenuhnya berorientasi pada kepentingan terbaik bagi anak. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa konstruksi dakwaan memiliki peran strategis dalam menentukan arah perlindungan hukum dan efektivitas pemenuhan restitusi. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada analisis relasi kausal antara konstruksi dakwaan dan pemenuhan hak restitusi anak korban dalam putusan pengadilan, serta rekomendasi penggunaan dakwaan kumulatif atau kombinasi sebagai upaya mewujudkan keadilan substantif yang berorientasi pada pemulihan korban.
Digitalisasi Pemilu dan Disinformasi: Implikasinya terhadap Kualitas Demokrasi di Indonesia Ananda Haidarrani; Rodiyah Rodiyah
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): MARCH
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v9i1.13390

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the implications of electoral digitalization and disinformation on the quality of democracy in Indonesia, particularly in relation to access to information, voter behavior, and democratic legitimacy. This research is motivated by the rapid development of digital technology, which expands access to electoral information while simultaneously creating vulnerabilities to disinformation that may distort political perceptions and weaken public trust. This study employs a qualitative method using content analysis of scientific literature, policy documents, official election data, and disinformation reports from 2014 to 2024. The novelty of this study lies in its integrative analytical model linking electoral digitalization, disinformation patterns, and democratic legitimacy within a single conceptual framework. The results show that electoral digitalization enhances transparency, efficiency, and public participation as part of procedural democratic strengthening; however, disinformation distorts political information, influences voter behavior, increases social polarization, and reduces institutional trust. This condition affects the quality of substantive democracy, which depends not only on formal procedures but also on the integrity of the information ecosystem. Therefore, strengthening digital literacy, proportional disinformation regulation, and collaboration among election authorities, digital platforms, and civil society are essential to maintain democratic quality in the digital era.   Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implikasi digitalisasi pemilu dan disinformasi terhadap kualitas demokrasi di Indonesia, khususnya dalam kaitannya dengan akses informasi, perilaku pemilih, dan legitimasi demokrasi. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh perkembangan teknologi digital yang memperluas akses informasi pemilu sekaligus menciptakan kerentanan terhadap penyebaran disinformasi yang berpotensi mendistorsi persepsi politik dan melemahkan kepercayaan publik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan analisis isi terhadap literatur ilmiah, dokumen kebijakan, data resmi penyelenggara pemilu, dan laporan disinformasi selama periode 2014–2024. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada model analisis integratif yang menghubungkan digitalisasi pemilu, pola disinformasi, dan legitimasi demokrasi dalam satu kerangka konseptual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa digitalisasi pemilu meningkatkan transparansi, efisiensi, dan partisipasi publik sebagai bagian dari penguatan demokrasi prosedural, namun disinformasi menciptakan distorsi informasi yang memengaruhi perilaku pemilih, meningkatkan polarisasi sosial, dan menurunkan kepercayaan terhadap institusi demokrasi. Kondisi tersebut berdampak pada kualitas demokrasi substantif yang tidak hanya ditentukan oleh prosedur formal, tetapi juga oleh integritas ekosistem informasi. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penguatan literasi digital, regulasi penanganan disinformasi yang proporsional, serta kolaborasi antara penyelenggara pemilu, platform digital, dan masyarakat sipil untuk menjaga kualitas demokrasi di era digital.
Model Pengaturan Plea Bargaining Dalam Pembaharuan Hukum Acara Pidana Indonesia Henin Dyah Syafrina; Slamet Sudi Illahi; Bintang Pramadhani Hariadi Putra; Naura Tsurayya Hasnaa
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): MARCH
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v9i1.13391

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the regulatory model of plea bargaining under the 2025 Criminal Procedure Code and its implications for ensuring legal certainty and protecting defendants’ rights. This research constitutes normative legal research employing statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The study is motivated by the enactment of the 2023 Criminal Code, which adopts a rehabilitative paradigm that is not yet fully aligned with the former Criminal Procedure Code, which is retributive in nature. This lack of alignment has resulted in inefficiencies in the criminal justice system and has exacerbated the problem of overcrowding in correctional institutions. The 2025 Criminal Procedure Code subsequently introduced a guilty plea mechanism as an instrument to enhance judicial efficiency; however, its regulatory framework still leaves several normative issues unresolved. The findings indicate that plea bargaining under the 2025 Criminal Procedure Code is characterized by a plea without bargain model with an active role of the judge. Nevertheless, it contains normative inconsistencies, particularly concerning disparities in sentencing thresholds, submission requirements, and the procedural design of the legal product resulting from summary examination proceedings, which is issued merely in the form of a “letter,” thereby creating uncertainty regarding available legal remedies. The novelty of this study lies in its prescriptive argument emphasizing the need to clarify the final legal form of the defendant’s admission within summary examination procedures, to harmonize sentencing limits, and to formulate technical regulations aimed at preventing abuse of authority and ensuring a balance between judicial efficiency and legal certainty within the framework of Indonesia’s new penal system.   Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis model pengaturan plea bargaining dalam KUHAP 2025 serta implikasinya terhadap kepastian hukum dan perlindungan hak terdakwa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan komparatif. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh pemberlakuan KUHP 2023 yang berparadigma rehabilitatif belum sepenuhnya selaras dengan KUHAP lama yang retributif, sehingga menimbulkan ketidakefisienan peradilan pidana dan memperparah persoalan overcrowding lembaga pemasyarakatan. KUHAP 2025 kemudian memperkenalkan mekanisme pengakuan bersalah sebagai instrumen efisiensi, namun pengaturannya masih menyisakan persoalan normatif.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa plea bargaining dalam KUHAP 2025 bercirikan plea without bargain dengan peran aktif hakim, tetapi mengandung inkonsistensi norma, khususnya terkait perbedaan batas ancaman pidana, syarat pengajuan, serta desain produk hukum acara pemeriksaan singkat yang hanya berbentuk “surat” dan menimbulkan ketidakjelasan upaya hukum. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada argumentasi preskriptif mengenai kebutuhan penegasan bentuk akhir pengakuan terdakwa dengan acara pemeriksaan singkat, harmonisasi batas pemidanaan, serta perumusan regulasi teknis guna mencegah penyimpangan kewenangan dan memastikan keseimbangan antara efisiensi peradilan dan kepastian hukum dalam kerangka pemidanaan baru di Indonesia.
Analisis Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang di Kamboja dalam Perspektif Hukum Pidana Nasional Rian Rusmana Putra; David Indra Pratama; Ilhamda Fattah Kaloko; Joel Niyobuhungiro; Natasya Febriyanti
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): JUNE
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v9i2.13392

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of law enforcement against human trafficking in Cambodia from the perspective of Indonesian national criminal law, particularly involving Indonesian victims of labor exploitation, online scams, and organ trafficking. The research employs a normative juridical method using statutory and conceptual approaches, examining national regulations, ASEAN frameworks, and international legal instruments. The findings reveal that weaknesses in law enforcement are rooted not only in technical and institutional limitations but also in structural deficiencies in transnational legal cooperation, including fragmented mutual legal assistance, weak implementation of bilateral agreements, inconsistent interpretation of trafficking elements, and the absence of an integrated victim-centered enforcement model. Victim protection remains marginal within the criminal justice process, hindering substantive justice. This study concludes that strengthening Indonesian criminal law requires a transnational approach through integrated prosecution, extradition, mutual legal assistance, and victim protection mechanisms. The novelty lies in repositioning Indonesian criminal law as a strategic normative instrument in designing cross-border anti-trafficking cooperation in Southeast Asia.   Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis efektivitas penegakan hukum terhadap tindak pidana perdagangan orang di Kamboja dari perspektif hukum pidana nasional Indonesia, khususnya yang melibatkan korban WNI dalam eksploitasi kerja, penipuan daring, dan perdagangan organ. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual melalui kajian regulasi nasional, kerangka ASEAN, serta instrumen hukum internasional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelemahan penegakan hukum tidak hanya disebabkan oleh keterbatasan teknis dan kapasitas aparat, tetapi juga oleh kelemahan struktural dalam kerja sama hukum lintas negara, seperti fragmentasi bantuan hukum timbal balik, lemahnya implementasi perjanjian bilateral, inkonsistensi penafsiran unsur TPPO, serta belum terintegrasinya model penegakan hukum berbasis korban. Perlindungan korban masih marginal dalam sistem peradilan pidana sehingga menghambat keadilan substantif. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa penguatan hukum pidana nasional Indonesia harus dilakukan melalui pendekatan transnasional yang mengintegrasikan penuntutan, ekstradisi, bantuan hukum timbal balik, dan perlindungan korban. Kebaruan penelitian terletak pada reposisi hukum pidana nasional sebagai instrumen strategis dalam desain kerja sama lintas negara di Asia Tenggara.
Penegakan Hukum Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang Dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Indonesia Hasiholan Gultom; Alwan Hadiyanto; Rizki Tri Anugrah Bhakti
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): MARCH
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v9i1.13407

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to analyse the law enforcement mechanism of money laundering offences within the Indonesian criminal justice system, particularly as it relates to the proof of predicate crimes and the optimisation of asset forfeiture, examined from the perspectives of legal certainty, justice, and legal utility. The background of this research is grounded in the complexity of money laundering practices, which not only disguise the proceeds of crime but also risk undermining the effectiveness of punishment when the proof of predicate offences is not established systematically. The urgency of this study lies in the need to shift from a sectoral approach toward a systemic analysis of law enforcement that positions sequential proof and asset recovery as central elements of eradication efforts. This research employs a normative legal method using statutory and conceptual approaches, drawing upon Radbruch’s Formula to examine the consistency between positive legal norms and judicial practice. The findings reveal that the principal challenge does not stem from regulatory insufficiency, but from inconsistent patterns of proof in establishing the linkage between predicate offences and money laundering, as well as a formalistic tendency that has not fully optimised asset forfeiture. The study concludes that law enforcement oriented toward substantive justice must place the proof of predicate offences as the foundational argumentative basis before determining the fulfillment of money laundering elements. The novelty of this research lies in its systemic-philosophical approach, integrating normative legal analysis with justice theory to strengthen its contribution to the development of Indonesian national criminal law.   Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis mekanisme penegakan hukum tindak pidana pencucian uang dalam sistem peradilan pidana Indonesia yang berbasis pada pembuktian tindak pidana asal dan optimalisasi perampasan aset, ditinjau dari aspek kepastian hukum, keadilan, dan kemanfaatan hukum. Latar belakang penelitian didasarkan pada kompleksitas praktik pencucian uang yang tidak hanya menyamarkan hasil kejahatan, tetapi juga berpotensi melemahkan efektivitas pemidanaan apabila pembuktian tindak pidana asal tidak dilakukan secara sistematis. Urgensi penelitian ini terletak pada kebutuhan untuk menggeser pendekatan sektoral menuju analisis sistemik penegakan hukum yang menempatkan pembuktian berjenjang dan asset recovery sebagai inti pemberantasan. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual melalui Formula Radbruch guna menguji konsistensi antara norma hukum positif dan praktik peradilan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kendala utama bukan pada kekurangan regulasi, melainkan pada pola pembuktian yang belum konsisten dalam menilai keterkaitan antara tindak pidana asal dan pencucian uang, serta kecenderungan formalistik yang belum sepenuhnya mengoptimalkan perampasan aset. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa penegakan hukum yang berorientasi pada keadilan substantif harus menempatkan pembuktian tindak pidana asal sebagai fondasi argumentatif sebelum menetapkan terpenuhinya unsur pencucian uang. Kebaruan penelitian terletak pada pendekatan sistemik-filosofis yang mengintegrasikan analisis normatif dan teori keadilan untuk memperkuat kontribusi terhadap pengembangan hukum pidana nasional.
Pemenuhan Hak Atas Kesehatan Bagi Kelompok Rentan di Kota Ternate Salha Marasaoly; Sri Indriyani Umra
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): MARCH
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v9i1.13417

Abstract

This study examines the fulfillment of the right to health for vulnerable groups in Ternate City and evaluates the role of the local government in ensuring equitable access to health services. Vulnerable groups—including children, older persons, persons with disabilities, and low-income communities—frequently encounter structural, geographical, and administrative barriers that limit their access to adequate healthcare. This research employs a normative legal method combined with an empirical juridical approach through statutory analysis, legal doctrines, field observations, and interviews. The analysis refers to the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, Law No. 17 of 2023 on Health, Law No. 39 of 1999 on Human Rights, Law No. 23 of 2014 on Local Government, and international human rights instruments, particularly the UDHR and ICESCR. The findings indicate that although various programs, such as primary healthcare services, the National Health Insurance scheme, and mobile and sea ambulance services, have improved service availability, significant challenges persist in terms of accessibility, inclusiveness, service quality, and responsiveness to the specific needs of vulnerable groups. The study highlights the need for affirmative and rights-based policies that integrate the principles of availability, accessibility, acceptability, and quality (AAAQ). This research contributes to strengthening local health governance by providing context-based policy recommendations for inclusive and equitable health services in archipelagic regions.   Penelitian ini menganalisis pemenuhan hak atas kesehatan bagi kelompok rentan di Kota Ternate serta mengevaluasi peran pemerintah daerah dalam menjamin akses layanan kesehatan yang setara dan berkeadilan. Kelompok rentan—meliputi anak-anak, lanjut usia, penyandang disabilitas, dan masyarakat miskin—masih menghadapi hambatan struktural, geografis, dan administratif yang membatasi akses terhadap pelayanan kesehatan yang layak. Penelitian menggunakan metode hukum normatif yang dipadukan dengan pendekatan yuridis empiris melalui analisis peraturan perundang-undangan, doktrin hukum, observasi lapangan, dan wawancara. Analisis didasarkan pada UUD NRI 1945, Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2023 tentang Kesehatan, Undang-Undang Nomor 39 Tahun 1999 tentang Hak Asasi Manusia, Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2014 tentang Pemerintahan Daerah, serta instrumen internasional UDHR dan ICESCR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berbagai program kesehatan seperti penguatan layanan primer, Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional, serta ambulans darat dan laut telah meningkatkan ketersediaan layanan, namun masih terdapat kendala pada aspek keterjangkauan, inklusivitas, kualitas, dan responsivitas terhadap kebutuhan spesifik kelompok rentan. Penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya kebijakan afirmatif berbasis hak dengan menerapkan prinsip ketersediaan, keterjangkauan, keberterimaan, dan kualitas (AAAQ). Temuan ini berkontribusi pada penguatan tata kelola kesehatan daerah melalui rekomendasi kebijakan yang lebih inklusif dan adaptif bagi wilayah kepulauan.
Eksploitasi Perempuan dan Relasi Kuasa dalam Film Sleep Call Popy Nur Elisa; Irma Mangar
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): MARCH
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v9i1.13423

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the forms of economic and sexual exploitation of women as represented in the film Sleep Call and to examine the criminalization and legal protection of such practices under Law Number 21 of 2007 on the Eradication of Trafficking in Persons and Law Number 12 of 2022 on Sexual Violence Crimes. This research employs a normative juridical method using statutory and conceptual approaches, supported by Marxist-Socialist feminist perspectives as an analytical framework to examine power relations and women’s vulnerability. The novelty of this study lies in integrating legal analysis with film as a medium representing covert exploitation in modern labor relations. The findings reveal that economic exploitation occurs through debt bondage, leading to forced labor, fulfilling the elements of human trafficking, while sexual exploitation occurs through sextortion, fulfilling the elements of sexual exploitation crimes. Indonesian positive law has normatively criminalized these practices and provides legal protection through punishment and victim recovery mechanisms. This study highlights the importance of strengthening law enforcement and victim protection to ensure legal certainty and safeguard women from covert exploitation.   Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bentuk eksploitasi ekonomi dan seksual terhadap perempuan yang direpresentasikan dalam film Sleep Call, serta mengkaji kriminalisasi dan perlindungan hukum terhadap praktik tersebut berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2007 tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang dan Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2022 tentang Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual, serta didukung oleh perspektif feminisme Marxis-Sosialis sebagai pisau analisis untuk memahami relasi kuasa dan kerentanan perempuan. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada integrasi analisis hukum positif dengan media film sebagai representasi praktik eksploitasi terselubung dalam relasi kerja modern. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa eksploitasi ekonomi terjadi melalui praktik penjeratan utang (debt bondage) yang berujung pada kerja paksa dan memenuhi unsur tindak pidana perdagangan orang, sedangkan eksploitasi seksual terjadi melalui praktik sextortion yang memenuhi unsur tindak pidana eksploitasi seksual. Hukum positif Indonesia secara normatif telah mengkriminalisasi praktik tersebut serta memberikan perlindungan hukum melalui mekanisme pemidanaan dan pemulihan korban. Penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya optimalisasi penegakan hukum dan penguatan perlindungan korban guna menjamin kepastian hukum dan perlindungan terhadap perempuan dari praktik eksploitasi terselubung.
Paradigm Shift in Sustainable Consumption of Generation Z: An Environmental Law Study on The Impact of Thrifting in Indonesia Putri Regita Salsabila Oktaviani; Maskun Maskun; Naswar Naswar; Wiranti Wiranti
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): JUNE
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v9i2.13439

Abstract

This study aims to critically examine the practice of thrifting in Indonesia by analyzing its position at the intersection of sustainable consumption, environmental law, and regulatory governance. While thrifting has expanded significantly among Generation Z as an alternative to fast fashion and textile waste, its legal status—particularly concerning the import of second-hand clothing—remains contested and fragmented. Employing a qualitative empirical legal approach, this research draws on policy documents, online media reports, and observational data, analyzed through discourse analysis and actor-network analysis using Discourse Network Analyzer (DNA) and Visone software to map interactions among key actors and competing policy narratives. The findings indicate that thrifting reflects a shift toward reuse-oriented consumption aligned with circular economy principles; however, its environmental benefits remain conditional due to regulatory ambiguity, weak enforcement, and the risk of secondary textile waste accumulation. The study reveals that thrifting operates within a fragmented governance framework where trade regulation, environmental protection, and waste management are insufficiently integrated. The novelty of this research lies in its integration of environmental legal analysis with discourse network analysis to conceptualize thrifting as a contested socio-legal practice shaped by dynamic interactions between actors, regulatory structures, and sustainability discourses. Theoretically, this study contributes to the development of environmental law and circular economy scholarship by emphasizing the importance of lifecycle-based regulatory integration, while practically, it highlights the need for coherent cross-sectoral policies, strengthened import supervision, and structured post-consumption waste management to ensure that thrifting evolves into a genuinely sustainable practice rather than a symbolic environmental trend.
Strengthening the Indonesian Migrant Worker Protection System through a Strategic Approach to Migration Policy Wakhidatul Mubarokah; Rodiyah Rodiyah
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): MARCH
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v9i1.13440

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the regulation and implementation of the Indonesian Migrant Worker (PMI) protection system and evaluate its effectiveness and fairness in addressing vulnerabilities across the migration cycle. This research employs a qualitative socio-legal approach through in-depth interviews with the Director of SARI Solo and former migrant workers in Bojasari Village, supported by analysis of relevant laws and policy documents. The findings indicate that although Law Number 18 of 2017 provides comprehensive protection covering pre-placement, placement, and post-placement stages, its implementation remains constrained by weak preventive protection, limited access to complaint mechanisms, and inadequate social and economic reintegration programs. The study also finds that community-based approaches through the empowerment of migrant workers and their families significantly strengthen legal protection effectiveness by improving legal awareness, social resilience, and access to social protection. Therefore, strengthening the migrant worker protection system requires the integration of national legal frameworks with community-based empowerment mechanisms to ensure more effective, equitable, and sustainable protection.
Tradisi Carok dalam Perspektif Kriminologi Kultural Masyarakat Adat Madura Avilla Deva Aryanda; Ali Masyhar
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): MARCH
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v9i1.13442

Abstract

This study aims to explain how the practice of carok in Madurese indigenous communities is constructed as a culturally based crime, and why social legitimacy for violence persists despite its conflict with national criminal law and human rights principles. The research uses a normative juridical approach with qualitative descriptive methods through a literature study of cultural criminology theory, legislation, and literature on Madurese customary law and culture. The results show that from a cultural criminology perspective, carok is a subculture of violence legitimized by the concepts of honor (malo) and social dignity, so that customary norms function as a framework for social justification of violent acts and reveal a conceptual tension between state law and the construction of local cultural meaning. These findings confirm that criminality cannot be understood solely as a formal legal violation, but rather as a product of the interaction of cultural symbols, collective identity, and social structures. The novelty of this research lies in the formulation of carok as a cultural criminal construction within the framework of cultural criminology, which specifically links the legitimacy of honor, violent subcultures, and normative conflicts between customary and state law as a conceptual basis for the development of criminological analysis and conflict resolution policies that are more contextual and equitable.    Penelitian ini bertujuan secara problem-oriented untuk menjelaskan bagaimana praktik carok dalam masyarakat adat Madura dikonstruksi sebagai fenomena kejahatan berbasis budaya, serta mengapa legitimasi sosial terhadap kekerasan tetap bertahan meskipun bertentangan dengan hukum pidana nasional dan prinsip hak asasi manusia. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif melalui studi kepustakaan terhadap teori kriminologi budaya, peraturan perundang-undangan, serta literatur mengenai hukum adat dan budaya Madura. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam perspektif kriminologi kultural, carok merupakan subkultur kekerasan yang dilegitimasi oleh konsep kehormatan (malo) dan martabat sosial, sehingga norma adat berfungsi sebagai kerangka pembenaran sosial terhadap tindakan kekerasan dan memperlihatkan ketegangan konseptual antara hukum negara dan konstruksi makna budaya lokal. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa kriminalitas tidak dapat dipahami semata sebagai pelanggaran legal formal, melainkan sebagai produk interaksi simbol budaya, identitas kolektif, dan struktur sosial. Kebaruan penelitian terletak pada perumusan carok sebagai konstruksi kriminal kultural dalam kerangka kriminologi budaya yang secara spesifik menghubungkan legitimasi kehormatan, subkultur kekerasan, dan konflik normatif hukum adat–negara sebagai dasar konseptual bagi pengembangan analisis kriminologi dan kebijakan penanggulangan konflik yang lebih kontekstual dan berkeadilan.  

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