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Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences
Published by Budapest International Research and Critics University Journal
ISSN : 26151715     EISSN : 26153076     DOI : DOI: https://doi.org/10.33258/birci
Core Subject : Religion, Economy, Humanities, Art, Social,
Religion Arts Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Social Sciences
Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal) : Humanities and Social Sciences is a peer-reviewed journal published in February, May, August and November by Budapest International Research and Critics University Journal (BIRCU-Journal). BIRCI welcomes research papers in Humanities: Language and Linguistics, History, Literature, Performing Art, Philosophy, Religion, Visual Arts. Social Sciences: Economics, Anthropology, Sociology, Psychology, Geography, Culture and Ethics Studies, Gender and Sexuality Studies, Area Studies, Archaeology, and other related areas and it is published in both online and printed versions.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Ilmu Sosial (Lain-Lain)
Articles 5,350 Documents
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Analysis of the Influence of the Implementation of Risk Management and Murabahah Financing on the Financial Performance of the Benteng Mikro Indonesia Sharia Cooperative Faisal, Riza
Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal) Vol 7, No 4 (2024): Budapest International Research and Critics Institute November
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birci.v7i4.8010

Abstract

This study deals with Analysis of the Influence of the Implementation of Risk Management and Murabahah Financing on the Financial Performance of the Benteng Mikro Indonesia Sharia Cooperative. The study used a descriptive method to describe factually, an accurate description of the facts, and to find out the relationship between phenomena and the variables studied. The results of this study are 1) The financial performance of the cooperative is to describe the cooperative's activities in utilizing existing resources to achieve goals in order to achieve financial aspects. 2) Murabahah financing can occur in sharia cooperatives by fulfilling the characteristics of the pillars of murabahah financing that have been mutually agreed upon between the two. 3) Risk management is carried out so that risks can be minimized, so that plans and targets that have been set can be realized so that they produce results.
Press Framing and Counter-framing of Amotekun Security Network in South-west, Nigeria Olorunkemi, Oladipo Moshood
Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal) Vol 7, No 4 (2024): Budapest International Research and Critics Institute November
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birci.v7i4.7992

Abstract

Nigeria became a sovereign nation in 1960 from the British Colonialist. Before this historical development, the amalgamation of the Northern and Southern protectorates in 1914 brought together various ethnic groups with innumerable tribes. Arguably, Nigeria is one of the most ethnically diverse countries in Africa, with 36 federating states and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), with over 400 ethnic groups and about 250 languages and 1000 dialects. The three dominant and largest ethnic groups in Nigeria are Yoruba, Hausa, and Igbo.  Ideally, Nigeria’s diversity should be part of her strengths, considering the inter-ethnic marriages, co-existence, and cohabitation long before colonization. Ethnicity and ethnic awareness do not constitute any danger to inter-ethnic relations, as evidence abounds globally of people from different ethnic origins cohabiting together peacefully, despite socio-cultural differences. However, what seems to bind the various ethnic groups in Nigeria together has contentiously been the most daring threat. Multiculturalism, socio-cultural differences, religion, politics, and suspicious ethnic dominance are major contributing factors that have divided the various ethnic groups, which have resulted in communal, inter-ethnic, and regional crises. The paper adopted the theoretical postulation of Framing Theory. The paper is a conceptual paper which utilises the existing literature from book, journals, newspapers and online materials. The paper concludes that as Amotekun continues to operate, these narratives influence public perception and shape political discourse on the need for regional versus centralized approaches to security, with implications for other regions considering similar initiatives.
Perception of the Buying Choice of Sanitary Towels among Female Students of Caleb University, Lagos Akin-Odukoya, Omolara; Okunade, Joshua Kayode; Akande, Emme; Serah, Chukwuemeka
Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal) Vol 7, No 4 (2024): Budapest International Research and Critics Institute November
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birci.v7i4.7975

Abstract

This study examines the factors influencing the purchasing decisions of sanitary towels among femalestudents at Caleb University. The research aims to identify key determinants such as price, brandpreference, product quality, availability, and packaging that impact the students' choices. Data will begathered through surveys and interviews with a diverse group of female students from different academiclevels. The findings provide valuable insights into the consumer behavior of this demographic, helping totailor more effective marketing strategies for sanitary towel brands.The research explores the role of peerinfluence, advertising, and personal experiences in shaping brand loyalty among the students. Byunderstanding these elements, the study seeks to offer recommendations to manufacturers and retailers onhow to improve product offerings and marketing tactics to better meet the needs of female students atCaleb University. The results of this study will contribute to a broader understanding of consumerpreferences in the personal hygiene sector, particularly within the context of a young, educated femalepopulation.
Barriers to Excellence: Unveiling the Challenges in Modern Science Education a Case of Ethiopia's Education System Goshu, Belay Sitotaw; Weldeamueal, Melaku Masresha; Ridwan, Muhammad
Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal) Vol 8, No 1 (2025): Budapest International Research and Critics Institute February
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birci.v8i1.8026

Abstract

The quality of higher education in Ethiopia faces significant challenges in producing graduates equipped to address real-world problems effectively. While academic institutions focus on theoretical knowledge, there is a growing concern that students are not prepared to tackle societal issues or engage with community needs. This study aims to assess the barriers to effective science education in Ethiopia's higher education system, focusing on how these barriers affect professional competency and ethical responsibility. A mixed-methods approach was employed, including qualitative interviews with educators, employers, and community leaders, and a quantitative survey of graduates. The study examined the gap between theoretical knowledge imparted during training and the practical skills required in the workplace. Key findings reveal that while graduates possess advanced theoretical understanding, they struggle to apply this knowledge ethically and practically to address community issues. The lack of focus on ethics, practical skills, and community engagement in the curriculum is a gap identified. The study concludes that Ethiopian higher education needs a comprehensive reform to integrate ethical training, practical application, and soft skills development into the curriculum. Collaboration between academia, industry, and communities is essential to bridge the gap between theory and practice. In addition, a more dynamic and inclusive education system should aim to create graduates who can ethically contribute to solving real-world problems and fostering sustainable community development.
Assessment of Entrance Skin Dose in Patients Undergoing Chest and Abdominal Radiography in Selected Hospitals of Dire Dawa, Ethiopia Simegn, Tigist; Berhanu, Hana; Goshu, Belay Sitotaw
Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal) Vol 7, No 4 (2024): Budapest International Research and Critics Institute November
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birci.v7i4.7998

Abstract

The purpose is to evaluate the entrance skin dose (ESD) and establish the diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) for the most common X-ray examinations in adult patients in Dire Dawa City, Ethiopia. Data from 45 adult patients in three selected hospitals were collected between February and July 2022. The patients' ages ranged from 21 to 54 years old, while their heights and weights varied from 150.0 cm to 175.0 cm and 48.0 kg to 75.0 kg, respectively. The study also assessed the mean entrance surface dose (ESD) values for radiography of the chest and abdomen. YMWGH had the lowest mean ESD for abdominal radiography varying from 0.004742 mGy at DCH to 0.010136 mGy at YMWGH. The mean ESD values for chest radiography showed notable diversity, ranging from 0.006277 mGy at SGH to 0.023849 mGy at DCH. Consistency in exposure measurements was indicated by the comparatively minimal ESD standard deviations across all hospitals. These results highlight how crucial it is to optimize mAs settings to lower ESD and enhance radiography procedures. Future studies should examine other factors influencing radiography outcomes and involve a larger spectrum of hospitals. According to, the examination of radiography data from DCH, YMWGH, and SGH, milliampere-seconds (mAs) influence radiographic results in three hospitals in a statistically meaningful way. With extremely low p-values and high t-values, the mAs coefficient is highly significant, highlighting its crucial role in defining image quality and patient safety. This consistent finding across the institutions implies that limiting patient exposure and attaining acceptable radiography results need careful consideration of the mAs settings. The constant term has low t-values and high p-values showing no discernible impact on the results. This is consistent with other research showing that terms frequently make just a little contribution to these kinds of models.
Internal Communication as a Catalyst for Employee Engagement and Performance in Paramilitary Organisations Maiwada, Abdullahi Aliyu; Oshionebo, Barth
Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal) Vol 7, No 4 (2024): Budapest International Research and Critics Institute November
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birci.v7i4.7982

Abstract

In today's global landscape, organisations have shifted from conventional communication approaches to comprehensive strategies that are focused on engaging and motivating their employees. This change highlights the critical function of strategic internal communication, which is still emerging but increasingly important field of study and practice in business and private sectors. The modern workplace has seen a change in employees' roles, with workers taking on more duties previously related to public relations. This paper examines internal communication as a catalyst for employee engagement and performance in paramilitary organisations. The paper is based on the conceptual framework, which allowed for the evaluation of the existing knowledge for the purpose of relevance, consistency, replication, and refutation. This paper accepts the theoretical assumptions of the Two-Way Symmetrical Theory of Public Relations, which is based on a dual exchange of ideas. The paper argues that paramilitary organisations, like the Nigeria Customs Service, have internal communication procedures that are different from traditional corporate organisational structures. This discrepancy is distinctively noticeable given the agency's diverse responsibilities in revenue generation, trade facilitation, and the suppression of smuggling. The paper concludes that employee participation and job satisfaction mediated the relationship between internal communication and employees’ job performance.
Implementation of Balanced Scorecard as a Performance Measurement Tool in Bridging Strategy with Implementation at PT PLN (Persero) Bukittinggi Generation Implementation Unit Ikhlas A, Muhammad; Yulihasri, Yulihasri
Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal) Vol 7, No 4 (2024): Budapest International Research and Critics Institute November
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birci.v7i4.8011

Abstract

PT. PLN Bukittinggi Generating Unit has a way to increase service productivity with Organizational Performance Value, Organizational Performance Value is the evaluation of real work results with quality and quantity standards produced by PT. PLN UP Bukittinggi. Basics of assessment using Key Performance Indicator, from six perspectives used as a measurement tool to assess the performance of PT. PLN UP Bukittinggi the author found that the customer perspective is not a priority in the Organizational Performance Value of PT. PLN UP Bukittinggi. In contrast to the concept of the Balanced Scorecard, the use of the Balanced Scorecard concept was found to be effective in knowing the underlying problems that exist and identifying opportunities for improvement. PT. PLN UP Bukittinggi has not implemented performance measurement using the Balanced Scorecard, but the writer wants to do research on the performance measurement system at PT. PLN UP Bukittinggi if using the Balanced Scorecard whether an increase or decrease in performance. Problems that are the object of research include: (1) the application of the Balanced Scorecard model is able to measure the performance of PT. PLN Bukittinggi Generation Unit correctly and accurately, (2) steps that must be taken in achieving the strategic targets set, (3) the application of the Balanced Scorecard in PT. PLN Bukittinggi Generating Unit in line with the Company's Vision and Mission. The method used in this research is descriptive exploratory research through a case study approach, the type of data used is primary data is data obtained through field research and secondary data, existing data and obtained from other sources that are still related to the research object collected directly or indirectly. 
Broadcast Media Messages on Pedophilia and Audience Responsibility Chime-Nganya, Chioma Rose; Nsude, Ifeyinwa
Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal) Vol 7, No 4 (2024): Budapest International Research and Critics Institute November
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birci.v7i4.7994

Abstract

Broadcast media has the power to inform and mobilize communities on the issue of pedophilia. By focusing on education, support, and community responsibility, media messages can contribute to a culture that protects children and fosters safe environments. Advancement in technology has brought with it some notable innovations in information dissemination one of which is through broadcast media. The paper pointed out that Nigeria like other countries of the world is presently grasping with this societal menace that is threatening the future of our children and that of the values that we cherish as a nation. Hardly a week passes by without hearing some cases relating to pedophilia in the Nigerian media, even the churches and mosques are not spared either, it is indeed a pandemic that have left its victim in pitiable state; and the sadistic reality about sex treatment deviating from adults towards children, is very appalling. The female sex seems to be the most endangered; they are endangered from birth because the Nigerian society treats the birth of the girl child with contempt and gaiety. This paper adopted Moral Responsibility theory. The paper concludes that child safety is a priority that requires everyone’s attention. Pedophilia and child abuse are real risks, but by understanding the warning signs, talking openly with our children, and taking responsible actions, we can protect the vulnerable. 
The Role of the Media in Building Democracy in Nigeria: Focus On Freedom of the Press Olayinka, Shittu Lukman; Ridwan, Muhammad
Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal) Vol 7, No 4 (2024): Budapest International Research and Critics Institute November
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birci.v7i4.7976

Abstract

This study investigated the role of media in building democracy in Nigeria: Focus on freedom of the press. The study was guided by three objectives and also answered three research questions. In conducting this study, the researcher used a descriptive survey research design. The study population consist of citizens of Nigeria across the North Central region. From the population a sample size of 200 respondents were selected using multi stage sampling. Multi stage sampling is suitable because it gives room and possibility for all elements to be fairly represented. The instrument used for data collection was a structured questionnaire developed by the researcher. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire developed by the researcher. The instrument was subjected to expert scrutiny to establish content validity. The reliability was also established using internal consistency through Alpha Cronbach method and the reliability coefficient was ascertain at 0.79 which shows that the instrument was reliable. The analysis was performed using descriptive statistics through mean and standard deviation computed using SPSS version 25.0. The analysis revealed among other things that, media is a watchdog of the society and also underscores the role of media in promoting the information and educating the citizenry for healthy democracy. Also that, the freedom of the media should be promoted to promote healthy democracy. The study recommended among other things that, government and stakeholders should ensure strengthening legal protections for journalists to safeguard press freedom and reduce censorship and also should promote media independence by establishing regulatory frameworks that limit government influence and ownership bias among others. 
Public Relations and Media Role in Peace Building in Nigeria Maiwada, Abdullahi Aliyu; Aondover, Perpetua Ogechi; Adewale, Olugbenga Charles; Falobi, Funmi; Onyejelem, Timothy Ekeledirichukwu
Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal) Vol 8, No 1 (2025): Budapest International Research and Critics Institute February
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birci.v8i1.8028

Abstract

Public relations (PR) and media play crucial roles in peacebuilding in Nigeria, a nation with a diverse cultural, religious, and political landscape. In a country where ethno-religious conflicts, political tensions, and socio-economic disparities often lead to unrest, strategic PR and media efforts can foster dialogue, promote understanding, and build sustainable peace. The paper argues that PR professionals facilitate dialogue among conflicting parties by creating platforms for engagement, understanding, and negotiation. They design campaigns that promote mutual respect and tolerance. By sharing transparent and accurate information, PR efforts can bridge gaps between communities and institutions, fostering trust. PR and media are pivotal in shaping narratives, fostering dialogue, and building consensus in peacebuilding processes. By addressing challenges and adopting inclusive, transparent, and ethical approaches, these tools can significantly contribute to a more harmonious Nigeria. Conflicts are becoming more complex in more institutions and are involving multiple issues as well. Handling such conflicts enhance the client’s ability to function successfully in a volatile environment. In other words, more organizations have the potential for conflict that needs to be resolved than ever before. Skills are needed by public relations managers to evaluate the divergent interests of different groups to formulate alternatives that will satisfy the parties involved in the dispute. The paper concludes that PR and media work together to suppress divisive narratives by promoting content that emphasizes shared values and diversity. In times of unrest, PR teams communicate clear, accurate, and timely information to mitigate panic and prevent escalation. Media organizations must adopt conflict-sensitive reporting, avoiding sensationalism and inflammatory language.

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